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The '''Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019''' ('''CAA''') was passed by the [[Parliament of India]] on 11 December 2019. It amended the [[Indian nationality law|Citizenship Act, 1955]] by providing an accelerated pathway to Indian citizenship for [[Religious persecution|persecuted]] religious minorities from [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Pakistan]] who arrived in India by 2014. The eligible minorities were stated as [[Hindus]], [[Sikhs]], [[Buddhists]], [[Jain]]s, [[Parsis]] or [[Christians]].<ref name="BBC explained">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-50670393 Citizenship Amendment Bill: India's new 'anti-Muslim' law explained] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212192621/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50670393 |date=12 December 2019 }}, BBC News, 11 December 2019.</ref><ref name="PIBPassesBill">{{Cite web |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=195783 |title=Parliament passes the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill 2019 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref> The law does not grant such eligibility to [[Muslims]] from these countries.<ref name="CNNExcludes"/><ref name="NPRExcludes"/><ref name="Washington Post" /> The act was the first time that religion had been overtly used as a criterion for citizenship under [[Indian law]], and it
The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), which leads the [[Indian government]],<ref name="FPJ">{{cite news |title=From CAA to Art 370 Abrogation: 5 of Modi govt's boldest moves |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/from-caa-to-art-370-abrogation-5-of-modi-govts-boldest-moves |access-date=2 January 2020 |newspaper=Free Press Journal |date=20 December 2020}}</ref> had promised in previous election manifestos to offer Indian citizenship to members of persecuted religious minorities who had migrated from neighbouring countries.<ref name=bjplsmanifesto>[https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5798075-Bjp-Election-2019-Manifesto-English.html Sankalpit Bharat Sashakt Bharat] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110060600/https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5798075-Bjp-Election-2019-Manifesto-English.html |date=10 November 2019 }}, BJP Sankalp Patra Lock Sabha 2019 (Manifesto, 2019)</ref><ref name="ITEndorsement"/> Under the 2019 amendment, migrants who had entered [[India]] by 31 December 2014, and had suffered "[[religious persecution]] or fear of religious persecution" in their country of origin, were made eligible for accelerated citizenship.<ref name="PIBPassesBill" /> The amendment relaxed the residence requirement for [[naturalisation]] of these migrants from twelve years to six.<ref name="PRS India">{{cite web |title=The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 |url=http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship%202019%20Bill%20Text.pdf |website=PRS India |access-date=11 December 2019 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212091630/http://prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Citizenship%202019%20Bill%20Text.pdf |url-status=dead }}: "For these groups of persons, the 11 years’ requirement will be reduced to five years." This is in addition to twelve-month residency immediately preceding the citizenship application.</ref> According to [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] records, there will be just over 30,000 immediate beneficiaries of the act.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saha |first1=Abhishek |title=Explained: Why Assam, Northeast are angry |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/assam-protests-citizenship-amendment-bill-nrc-northeast-bandh-5543785/ |access-date=11 December 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 January 2019}}</ref>{{efn|According to the Indian [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] figures given to the Joint Parliamentary Committee, 31,313 people were granted long-term visas using the criteria mentioned in the Act. They included 25,447 Hindus, 5,807 Sikhs, 55 Christians, 2 Buddhists and 2 Parsis. They were expected to be the immediate beneficiaries of the Act.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/how-many-immigrants-will-benefit-from-citizenship-act-25447-hindus-5807-sikhs-55-christians-two-buddhists-and-two-parsis-says-intelligence-bureau-7784581.html |title=How many immigrants will benefit from Citizenship Act? 25,447 Hindus, 5,807 Sikhs, 55 Christians, two Buddhists and two Parsis, says Intelligence Bureau |newspaper=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/citizenship-amendment-bill-decoded-what-it-holds-for-india/articleshow/72466056.cms |title=Citizenship Amendment Act decoded: What it holds for India |last1=Tripathi |first1=Rahul |date=17 December 2019 |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref name=IB>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/intelligence-bureau-to-tap-raw-to-verify-citizenship-claims/cid/1681204 Intelligence Bureau to tap RAW to verify citizenship claims] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112170259/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/north-east/intelligence-bureau-to-tap-raw-to-verify-citizenship-claims/cid/1681204 |date=12 January 2020 }}, The Telegraph, 9 January 2019.</ref>}}
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