Afghanistan–India relations: Difference between revisions

Relations between the people of Afghanistan and India traces to the [[Indus Valley civilisation]].<ref name="Dupree3">[[Nancy Hatch Dupree|Nancy Dupree]] (1973): An Historical Guide To Afghanistan, Chapter 3 Sites in Perspective.</ref> In the [[Vedic Age]], [[Gandhara]], which forms most of modern-day Afghanistan, was considered as one of the sixteen [[Mahajanapadas]] of Vedic India. Following [[Alexander the Great]]'s brief occupation, the successor state of the [[Seleucid Empire]] controlled the region known today as Afghanistan. In 305 BCE, they ceded it to the Indian [[Maurya Empire]] as part of an alliance treaty.{{Blockquote|''Alexander took these away from the [[Aryan]]s and established settlements of his own, but [[Seleucus I Nicator|Seleucus Nicator]] gave them to [[Chandragupta Maurya|Sandrocottus]] ([[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]]), upon terms of intermarriage and of receiving in exchange 500 elephants.''<ref name=Dupree-name>{{cite web|url=http://www.aisk.org/aisk/NHDAHGTK05.php |title=An Historical Guide to Kabul – The Name |author=Nancy Hatch Dupree / Aḥmad ʻAlī Kuhzād |publisher=American International School of Kabul |year=1972 |access-date=18 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830031416/http://www.aisk.org/aisk/NHDAHGTK05.php |archive-date=30 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>|[[Strabo]]|64 BCE – 24 CE}} The Mauryans controlled the area of modern day Afghanistan, and during this period [[Hinduism in Afghanistan|Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]] prevailed. Their decline began 60 years after [[Ashoka the Great]]'s rule ended, leading to the [[Hellenistic civilisation|Hellenistic]] reconquest of the region by the [[Greco-Bactrians]]. Much of it soon broke away from the Greco-Bactrians and became part of the [[Indo-Greeks|Indo-Greek Kingdom]]. The Indo-Greeks had been defeated and expelled by the [[Indo-Scythians]] in the late 2nd century BCE.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rajadhyaksha |first=Abhijit |url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesFarEast/India_IronAge_Mauryas01.htm |title=The Mauryas: Chandragupta |publisher=Historyfiles.co.uk |date=2 August 2009 |access-date=9 March 2012}}</ref> Parts of Afghanistan including Kabul came under the rule of the Indian [[Gupta Empire]] in 4th and 5th centuries. MuchBetween the 10th century to the mid 18th century, northern India has been invaded by a number of invaders based in what today is Afghanistan. Among them were the [[Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurids]], [[Khalji dynasty|Khaljis]], [[Suri Empire|Suris]], [[Mughals]] and [[Durrani Empire|Durranis]]. During these eras, especially during the Mughal period (1526–1858), many Afghans began immigrating to India due to political unrest in their regions.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Border between British India and Afghanistan in 1934.jpg|thumb|Border crossing between the [[British Empire]] and Afghanistan in 1934]]

 

 

In January 1950, a five-year Treaty of Friendship was signed between the two countries in [[New Delhi]]. Other than affirming "everlasting peace and friendship between the two Governments", the treaty provided for establishment of diplomatic and consular posts in each other's territories.<ref>{{cite web|title=Treaty of Friendship|url=http://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/6584/Treaty+of+Friendship|website=Ministry of External Affairs, India|publisher=mea.gov.in|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209091933/http://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl%2F6584%2FTreaty+of+Friendship|archive-date=9 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indi-Afghan Friendship Treaty Signed|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Bsc-AAAAIBAJ&pg=4872%2C477830|access-date=9 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=5 January 1950|page=6}}</ref>