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The Republic of India was the only [[South Asia]]n country to recognize the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-backed [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] in the 1980s, though relations were diminished during the 1990s [[Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)|Afghan civil war]] and the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Taliban government]].<ref name="RED">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/07/world/india-to-provide-aid-to-government-in-afghanistan.html |title=India to Provide Aid to Government in Afghanistan |access-date=3 June 2008 |work=The New York Times |first=Barbara |last=Crossette |date=7 March 1989}}</ref> India aided the [[Operation Enduring Freedom|overthrow of the Taliban]] and became the largest regional provider of humanitarian and reconstruction aid to the former Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.<ref name="IP">{{cite web |last=Tarzi |first=Amin |date=16 April 2006 |title=Kabul's India ties worry Pakistan |url=http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/04/B5BFE0BE-ED5D-43DE-A768-99A6AB1E6C5C.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611105916/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/04/b5bfe0be-ed5d-43de-a768-99a6ab1e6c5c.html |archive-date=11 June 2008 |access-date=3 June 2008 |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe]], [[Radio Liberty]]}}</ref><ref name="CFR">{{cite web |last=Bajoria |first=Jayshree |date=5 December 2007 |title=India's Northern Exposure |url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/14969/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530083317/http://www.cfr.org/publication/14969/ |archive-date=30 May 2008 |access-date=3 June 2008 |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]}}</ref> Indians are working in various construction projects, as part of India's rebuilding efforts in Afghanistan.
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A major shift in India's position on Afghan Taliban was reported by a top Qatar official in June 2021, revealing that an Indian delegation quietly visited Doha to meet Taliban's leadership.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohan|first=Geeta|date=22 June 2021|title=Indian officials had a 'quiet' rendezvous with Taliban, says Qatari special envoy|work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/indian-officials-meet-taliban-qatari-special-envoy-talks-1817915-2021-06-22|access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref> This is a major shift that was several weeks in the making in the first half of 2021, and likely involved Qatari mediation between India and the Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=22 June 2021|title=Qatar Govt Official Says Indian Delegation Visited Qatar to Meet Taliban|work=The Wire India|url=https://thewire.in/diplomacy/qatar-govt-official-says-indian-delegation-visited-qatar-to-meet-taliban|access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref> India does not recognize the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-20 |title=How India is helping Afghanistan despite Taliban's non-recognition |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/videos/news/how-india-is-helping-afghanistan-despite-taliban-s-recognition-medical-aid-sent-101645357143804.html |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
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Relations between the people of Afghanistan and India traces to the [[Indus Valley civilisation]].<ref name="Dupree3">[[Nancy Hatch Dupree|Nancy Dupree]] (1973): An Historical Guide To Afghanistan, Chapter 3 Sites in Perspective.</ref> In the [[Vedic Age]], [[Gandhara]], which forms most of modern-day Afghanistan, was considered as one of the sixteen [[Mahajanapadas]] of Vedic India. Following [[Alexander the Great]]'s brief occupation, the successor state of the [[Seleucid Empire]] controlled the region known today as Afghanistan. In 305 BCE, they ceded it to the Indian [[Maurya Empire]] as part of an alliance treaty.{{Blockquote|''Alexander took these away from the [[Aryan]]s and established settlements of his own, but [[Seleucus I Nicator|Seleucus Nicator]] gave them to [[Chandragupta Maurya|Sandrocottus]] ([[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]]), upon terms of intermarriage and of receiving in exchange 500 elephants.''<ref name=Dupree-name>{{cite web|url=http://www.aisk.org/aisk/NHDAHGTK05.php |title=An Historical Guide to Kabul – The Name |author=Nancy Hatch Dupree / Aḥmad ʻAlī Kuhzād |publisher=American International School of Kabul |year=1972 |access-date=18 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830031416/http://www.aisk.org/aisk/NHDAHGTK05.php |archive-date=30 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>|[[Strabo]]|64 BCE – 24 CE}} The Mauryans controlled the area of modern day Afghanistan, and during this period [[Hinduism in Afghanistan|Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]] prevailed. Their decline began 60 years after [[Ashoka the Great]]'s rule ended, leading to the [[Hellenistic civilisation|Hellenistic]] reconquest of the region by the [[Greco-Bactrians]]. Much of it soon broke away from the Greco-Bactrians and became part of the [[Indo-Greeks|Indo-Greek Kingdom]]. The Indo-Greeks had been defeated and expelled by the [[Indo-Scythians]] in the late 2nd century BCE.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rajadhyaksha |first=Abhijit |url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesFarEast/India_IronAge_Mauryas01.htm |title=The Mauryas: Chandragupta |publisher=Historyfiles.co.uk |date=2 August 2009 |access-date=9 March 2012}}</ref> Parts of Afghanistan including Kabul came under the rule of the Indian [[Gupta Empire]] in 4th and 5th centuries. MuchBetween the 10th century to the mid 18th century, northern India has been invaded by a number of invaders based in what today is Afghanistan. Among them were the [[Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurids]], [[Khalji dynasty|Khaljis]], [[Suri Empire|Suris]], [[Mughals]] and [[Durrani Empire|Durranis]]. During these eras, especially during the Mughal period (1526–1858), many Afghans began immigrating to India due to political unrest in their regions.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Border between British India and Afghanistan in 1934.jpg|thumb|Border crossing between the [[British Empire]] and Afghanistan in 1934]]
[[Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan]] and [[Khan Sahib]] were prominent leaders of the [[Indian independence movement]] and active supporters of the [[Indian National Congress]]. Although the NWFP became part of Pakistan in 1947, active Pashtun support for the Indian freedom struggle led to great sympathy in India for the cause of Pashtun autonomy and freedom. The Indian government continued to support [[Pashtun]] leader [[Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan]] in lobbying for greater [[Pashtunistan|Pashtun freedom]] in the [[North Western Frontier Province|NWFP]].<ref name="IP" /> Indians are working in various construction projects, as part of [[India]]'s rebuilding efforts in Afghanistan, although the Indian intelligence agency [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] is accused by countries such as [[Pakistan]] of working to malign [[Pakistan]] and train & support insurgents.<ref name="outlookindia.com">{{cite web |last=Baabar |first=Mariana |date=24 April 2006 |title=RAW Is Training 600 Balochis in Afghanistan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231032 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029161341/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231032 |archive-date=29 October 2010 |access-date=9 March 2012 |publisher=Outlook India}}</ref><ref name="pak-times.com">{{cite web |last=Azam |first=Omer |date=25 September 2010 |title=RAW Creating Trouble for NATO in Afghanistan |url=http://www.pak-times.com/2008/09/05/raw-creating-trouble-for-nato-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430194436/http://www.pak-times.com/2008/09/05/raw-creating-trouble-for-nato-in-afghanistan/ |archive-date=30 April 2012 |access-date=9 March 2012 |website=Pakistan Times |publisher=Pak-times.com}}</ref><ref name="rediff.com">{{cite web |date=31 December 2004 |title=RAW helping militants in Afghanistan: Musharraf |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2009/mar/08raw-helping-militants-in-afghanistan-says-musharraf.htm |access-date=9 March 2012 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> These workers are estimated to be anywhere between 3,000 and 4,000. [[Indian people|Indian nationals]] stationed in [[Afghanistan]] have often faced continuous security threats in the country, with [[kidnappings]] and many attacks (such as the [[February 2010 Kabul attack]]) deliberately carried out on them.
In January 1950, a five-year Treaty of Friendship was signed between the two countries in [[New Delhi]]. Other than affirming "everlasting peace and friendship between the two Governments", the treaty provided for establishment of diplomatic and consular posts in each other's territories.<ref>{{cite web|title=Treaty of Friendship|url=http://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/6584/Treaty+of+Friendship|website=Ministry of External Affairs, India|publisher=mea.gov.in|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209091933/http://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl%2F6584%2FTreaty+of+Friendship|archive-date=9 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indi-Afghan Friendship Treaty Signed|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Bsc-AAAAIBAJ&pg=4872%2C477830|access-date=9 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=5 January 1950|page=6}}</ref>
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While Taliban announced the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] in 2021, [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]] is still internationally recognized.
[[Pakistan]], historically an Indian rival sandwiched geographically between India and Afghanistan, claims the India's foreign intelligence agency R&AW is working in cover inside Afghanistan to malign Pakistan and train insurgents to carry out terrorist attacks inside the country,<ref name="outlookindia.com" /><ref name="pak-times.com" /><ref name="rediff.com" /> a claim rejected by India.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 May 2009 |title=No evidence that India aiding Pak Baloch rebels |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/no-evidence-that-india-aiding-pak-baloch-rebels/466814/ |access-date=9 March 2012 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>
=== Re-established Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan ===
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