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Selfstudier (talk | contribs) Undid revision 1235233974 by JoeJShmo (talk) No good reasons for removal of sourced material |
→Medical facilities: removed sentence irrelevant to Hamas was crimes, and fixed the heavy POV tone (e.g. 'refuted'). Discuss and later partially revert if there is an issue. Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
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During wartime, medical facilities are considered protected objects, and the use of them for military purposes is a war crime. Hamas has been condemned by the EU for using "hospitals and civilians as human shields".<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2023 |title=EU condemns Hamas for using 'hospitals as human shields', urges Israeli restraint |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-condemns-hamas-using-hospitals-human-shields-urges-israeli-restraint-2023-11-12/ |access-date=13 November 2023 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112235636/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-condemns-hamas-using-hospitals-human-shields-urges-israeli-restraint-2023-11-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Israel alleges it operates a major [[command and control]] center beneath Al-Shiba hospital. According to Amer Abu Awash, a member of Hamas' elite [[Nukhba Force]], much of Hamas' underground infrastructure is beneath hospitals, placed there so that Israel "won't strike them".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Beaumont |first1=Peter |title=What is a human shield and how has Hamas been accused of using them? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/30/human-shield-israel-claim-hamas-command-centre-under-hospital-palestinian-civilian-gaza-city |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107212606/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/30/human-shield-israel-claim-hamas-command-centre-under-hospital-palestinian-civilian-gaza-city |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="How Hamas uses hospitals">{{cite news |title=How Hamas uses hospitals as shields during war |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/hamas-hospitals-israel |access-date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=24 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524132928/https://nationalpost.com/news/hamas-hospitals-israel |url-status=live }}</ref> Abu Awash made this claim while handcuffed and undergoing IDF [[interrogation]].<ref name="How Hamas uses hospitals"/>
Israel's claims have been
The IDF claimed they found bullets, grenades, and an assortment of other small weapons at the [[Al-Shifa Hospital]],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/bjnydarr6 | title=גלנט: "מסתור המחבלים הפך למלכודת מוות" - תיעוד: מעטפות כסף עם "ברכות" בשיפא | newspaper=Ynet | date=18 March 2024 | last1=זיתון | first1=יואב }}</ref> and other hospitals in the Gaza Strip. However, the majority of what the IDF have shown is explicitly allowed to be present at a hospital in an urban war zone, according to the 1949 [[Geneva Conventions]] - Convention(I), Article 22, Paragraph 3 - because small arms and ammunition can arrive with wounded combatants and may be difficult to dispose of in a timely manner.<ref name="Article 22 - quote par 3" >{{Cite web| title= Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949. Commentary of 2016. Article 22 - Conditions not depriving medical units and establishments of protection | url= https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/gci-1949/article-22/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=ihl-databases.icrc.org | quote = The following conditions shall not be considered as depriving a medical unit or establishment of the protection guaranteed by Article 19: … (3) That small arms and ammunition taken from the wounded and sick and not yet handed to the proper service, are found in the unit or establishment. }}</ref><ref name="Paragraph 3 - 2016">{{cite web | title= Convention (I) Geneva, 12 August 1949. Commentary of 2016. Article 22 - Paragraph 3: The presence of small arms and ammunition |url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/gci-1949/article-22/commentary/2016#_Toc452045665 |website=ihl-databases.icrc.org |access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref> Combatants and civilians are allowed to be treated at the same shared facilities,<ref name="Article 22 - paragraph 5">{{cite web |title= Paragraph 5: Care for wounded and sick civilians |url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/gci-1949/article-22/commentary/2016#_Toc452045667 |website=ihl-databases.icrc.org |access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref> and both groups of patients are protected.
On 5 November, during the [[Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)|invasion of Gaza]], the IDF released videos claiming Hamas fighters fired from the [[Sheikh Hamad Hospital]]. In response, [[Government of Qatar|Qatari official]] Mohammed El Emadi condemned Israel's claim, stating it was made "without concrete evidence or an independent investigation" and was a "blatant attempt to justify the occupation's targeting of civilian facilities."<ref>{{cite web |title=Qatar rejects Israeli claims of tunnel network under Gaza hospital |url=https://aje.io/91bdr3?update=2467061 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118164730/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/6/israel-hamas-live-news-communications-blackout-across-gaza?update=2467061 |url-status=live }}</ref> The IDF video also showed an entrance to an underground complex, which according to the IDF led to the Hamas tunnel network.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fabian |first1=Emanuel |title=IDF releases new intel detailing Hamas use of Gaza hospitals for terror |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-releases-new-intel-detailing-hamas-use-of-gaza-hospitals-for-terror/ |date=5 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2023 |work=The Times of Israel |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105151648/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-releases-new-intel-detailing-hamas-use-of-gaza-hospitals-for-terror/ |url-status=live }}</ref> An ''Al-Jazeera'' investigation found that the claimed "tunnel entrance" was instead a hatch for the hospital's water reservoir, which has existed since the hospital's construction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Investigation disproves Israel claim of Hamas tunnel under Gaza hospital |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/8/investigation-disproves-israel-claim-of-hamas-tunnel-under-gaza-hospital |access-date=8 November 2023 |work=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108153346/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/8/investigation-disproves-israel-claim-of-hamas-tunnel-under-gaza-hospital |url-status=live }}</ref> In response to Israel's allegations, Hamas requested the [[United Nations]] to form an international committee to inspect hospitals and verify what it called Israel's "false claims" that it uses them to fire rockets.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Al-Mughrabi |first1=Nidal |title=Israel rebuffs calls for ceasefire; Lebanon strike angers Hezbollah |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/arab-world-us-split-gaza-ceasefire-israeli-offensive-presses-2023-11-05/ |website=Reuters |date=5 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105135247/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/arab-world-us-split-gaza-ceasefire-israeli-offensive-presses-2023-11-05/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 14 November, CNN visited what Israel described as a Hamas commander's house, situated between a school and a hospital, and saw a tunnel beneath it that Israel said led in one direction to the school, and in the other direction to the hospital. Visiting the hospital, Israel showed weapons that they said they found in an armory there, as well as unconfirmed indications that hostages may have been held there.<ref name="CNNHospitalSchoolTunnel">{{cite news |title=Israel shows CNN an underground tunnel between a school and hospital in Gaza {{!}} CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2023/11/13/cnn-inside-gaza-hospital-israel-defense-forces-hamas-robertson-pkg-src-vpx.cnn |access-date=15 November 2023 |date=14 November 2023 |language=en |archive-date=24 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124095513/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2023/11/13/cnn-inside-gaza-hospital-israel-defense-forces-hamas-robertson-pkg-src-vpx.cnn |url-status=live }}</ref> According to ''[[The New York Times]]'', the origins of the weapons shown in the video could not be independently verified.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gavrielov |first1=Nadav |last2=Rosenberg |first2=Matthew |title=Israel shows videos of a Gaza hospital basement it says was used by Hamas. |work=The New York Times |date=14 November 2023 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/11/13/world/israel-hamas-gaza-war-news/israel-shows-videos-of-a-gaza-hospital-basement-it-says-was-used-by-hamas?smid=url-share |access-date=15 November 2023 |archive-date=15 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115012657/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/11/13/world/israel-hamas-gaza-war-news/israel-shows-videos-of-a-gaza-hospital-basement-it-says-was-used-by-hamas?smid=url-share |url-status=live }}</ref> Charles Lister, Director of the Counterterrorism and Extremism Program at the [[Middle East Institute]], stated the IDF footage clearly indicated that the basement was a [[bomb shelter]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Israeli propaganda in Gaza: Experts debunk incubator, hostage hideout claims |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/israeli-propaganda-incubators-hostage-hideout-backfires |website=The New Arab |date=14 November 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114185640/https://www.newarab.com/news/israeli-propaganda-incubators-hostage-hideout-backfires |url-status=live }}</ref> Mohammed Zaqout, a [[Gaza Health Ministry]] official responsible for Gaza's hospitals, stated the basement was a shelter for women and children.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Robertson |first1=Nic |title=Israel shows alleged Hamas 'armory' under children's hospital in Gaza. Local health officials dismiss the claims |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/14/middleeast/israel-alleges-hamas-armory-under-hospital-in-gaza-hnk-intl/index.html |website=CNN |date=14 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118175010/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/14/middleeast/israel-alleges-hamas-armory-under-hospital-in-gaza-hnk-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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