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[[File:Tricolor Kapok.png|thumb|The tricolor "[[Kapok Flag]]" often used by modern Cantonese nationalists.<ref name="washington2">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-01 |title=多族裔在中国驻美使馆外举行"十一"抗议 阿富汗人士参与 |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/zhengzhi/sc2-10012021110344.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014125744/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/zhengzhi/sc2-10012021110344.html |archive-date=2021-10-14 |access-date=2021-10-07 |work=自由亚洲电台 |language=zh-CN}}</ref><ref name="sfpro">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-02 |title=美国加州多族裔"十一"集会 抗议中国政治迫害 |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/gangtai/sc-10022022135751.html |access-date=2021-10-07 |work=自由亚洲电台 |language=zh-CN}}</ref>]]
[[File:Guangdong in China (+all claims hatched).svg|thumb|right|300px|[[Guangdong]] (in red)]]'''Cantonese nationalism''', sometimes known also as the '''Cantonia Independence Movement''', refers to the advocacy and movement for the establishment of an independent or autonomous political entity in [[Guangdong]] or [[Cantonese people|Cantonese]]-populated areas, believing that the Cantonese people form a [[nation]] and should not be subject to external jurisdiction and interference, taking pride in their own [[Cantonese culture|culture]], history and identity.
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On October 1, 2022, [[National Day of the People's Republic of China|China's National Day]], anti-China demonstrators of various ethnic groups from [[Vietnam]] and the [[Philippines]] gathered in front of the [[Consulate General of China, San Francisco|Chinese Consulate General in San Francisco]], including Guangdong independence supporters who displayed the "tricolor Kapok Flag" and expressed their opposition of China's expansion in the [[South China Sea]] and the belief that languages and culture in Guangdong are being wiped out by China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=美国加州多族裔"十一"集会 抗议中国政治迫害 |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/gangtai/sc-10022022135751.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209133450/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/gangtai/sc-10022022135751.html |archive-date=2022-12-09 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=Radio Free Asia |language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-03 |title=中國駐舊金山總領事張建敏柏大發言 場外多個團體抗議 |url=https://www.ktsf.com/2022/10/03/china-national-day-sf-protest/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004075032/https://www.ktsf.com/2022/10/03/china-national-day-sf-protest/ |archive-date=2022-10-04 |access-date=2022-10-03 |work=[[KTSF]] |language=zh-TW}}</ref>
On [[Human Rights Day|World Human Rights Day]] in 2022 and 2023, people from Canton carried the "Kapok Flag" representing the Cantonia independence movement and participated in rallies against China in [[Canada]], the [[Netherlands]], the [[United Kingdom]] and other places to declare their Cantonese identity to the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=supportuyghurs.org |date=2023-12-14 |title=Protest in Amsterdam Marks 75th Anniversary of World Human Rights Day - Support Uyghurs |url=https://supportuyghurs.org/protest-in-amsterdam-marks-75th-anniversary-of-world-human-rights-day/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214202141/https://supportuyghurs.org/protest-in-amsterdam-marks-75th-anniversary-of-world-human-rights-day/ |archive-date=2023-12-14 |access-date=2023-12-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=世界人权日 伦敦多族裔游行促向北京问责 |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/Xinwen/6-12102023122647.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217063754/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/Xinwen/6-12102023122647.html |archive-date=2023-12-17 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Radio Free Asia |language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=WeDia |title=【英荷兩國港人「國際人權日」示威 抗議中共打壓人權】 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C0vAJGmodwa/ |work=WeDia}}</ref> A young participant from Guangzhou said in an interview that his view on local independent identity was inspired by the [[Localism in Hong Kong|Hong Kong localist movement]].<ref name="wainao3"/> Some participants also stated that the protest was to oppose CCP's suppression on Canton's culture and [[dissident]]s.
On July 1, 2023, at the July 1 commemoration event organized by the Hong Kong exile group in London, a self-proclaimed supporter of Cantonia independence took the stage to give a speech. The speaker believed that Hong Kong was once the "West Berlin of East Asia" and had sheltered many refugees fleeing the totalitarian power of the Chinese Communist Party, which also provided him with political enlightenment. What happened in Hong Kong exposed the lie of "one country, two systems". He hoped that Hong Kong and "Cantonia" could one day establish independent countries and become "very good neighboring countries". Finally, he led the people at the rally to shout the slogans of Hong Kong independence and Cantonia independence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-03 |title=主權移交26年｜倫敦七一兩場集會悼抗爭者 500人出席分享感受：冇得恐懼咁多 |url=https://thechasernews.co.uk/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%80%E9%9B%86%E6%9C%83%E6%82%BC%E5%BF%B5%E6%8A%97%E7%88%AD%E8%80%85-%E7%9B%BC%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%BB%B6%E7%BA%8C%E4%BA%A1%E8%80%85%E9%81%BA%E5%BF%97/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708183730/https://thechasernews.co.uk/%e5%80%ab%e6%95%a6%e4%b8%83%e4%b8%80%e9%9b%86%e6%9c%83%e6%82%bc%e5%bf%b5%e6%8a%97%e7%88%ad%e8%80%85-%e7%9b%bc%e6%b8%af%e4%ba%ba%e5%bb%b6%e7%ba%8c%e4%ba%a1%e8%80%85%e9%81%ba%e5%bf%97/ |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-06 |work=[[追新聞]] |language=zh-HK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-03 |title=在英港人游行集会"悼七一" 中国粉红滋扰生事惹众怒 |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/gangtai/al1-07032023115747.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712055156/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/gangtai/al1-07032023115747.html |archive-date=2023-07-12 |access-date=2023-07-06 |work=[[Radio Free Asia|RFA]] |language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-01 |title=英國各地港人遊行集會「悼七一」 中國小粉紅再滋擾生事 |url=https://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/uk-protest-07012023193805.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717044239/https://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/uk-protest-07012023193805.html |archive-date=2023-07-17 |access-date=2023-07-06 |work=[[Radio Free Asia|RFA]] |language=zh-HK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-02 |title=英国港人雪埠示威遭骚扰 伦敦悼念抗争死难者 |url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/hongkongers-protest-in-uk-met-with-chinese-harassment-20230702/7163700.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708085509/https://www.voachinese.com/a/hongkongers-protest-in-uk-met-with-chinese-harassment-20230702/7163700.html |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-06 |work=[[VOA]] |language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-03 |title=倫敦港人7.1示威出席人數較往年少 流亡港人籲毋忘初心 |url=https://points-media.com/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B-%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%BA7-1%E7%A4%BA%E5%A8%81%E5%87%BA%E5%B8%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B8%E8%BC%83%E5%BE%80%E5%B9%B4%E5%B0%8F-%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%B2%E6%AF%8B%E5%BF%98/ |work=[[棱角媒體]] |language=zh-hk}}</ref>
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On August 31, 2023, the fourth anniversary of the [[2019 Prince Edward station attack]], a group of Hong Kong people held a commemorative gathering at the [[San Leandro]] Marina Park in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]]. Among them were supporters from Guangdong, displaying the "tricolor Kapok Flag" symbolizing Canton independence and localism.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-01 |title="831"四周年 南北加州港人举行悼念活动 |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/gangtai/sc-09012023143710.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922205431/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/gangtai/sc-09012023143710.html |archive-date=2023-09-22 |access-date=2023-09-07 |work=[[自由亚洲电台]] |language=zh-cn}}</ref>
On October 1, 2023, the National Day of China, demonstrators gathered in [[Dam Square]] in [[Amsterdam]], and [[Trafalgar Square]] in [[London]], among other places, to hold anti-China [[protests]]. Among them were individuals displaying the "tricolor Kapok Flag" symbolizing the Cantonia independence movement.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-01 |title=荷兰首都华人集会 主题："打倒中共恶魔" |url=https://www.tuidang.org/2023/10/02/694970/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129092338/https://www.tuidang.org/2023/10/02/694970/ |archive-date=2023-11-29 |access-date=2023-10-09 |language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-01 |title=倫敦「十一」遊行有示威者撕五星紅旗洩憤 全英至少9場港人活動 |url=https://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/uk-protest-10012023115733.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129092339/https://www.rfa.org/cantonese/news/uk-protest-10012023115733.html |archive-date=2023-11-29 |access-date=2023-10-09 |work=[[自由亚洲电台]] |language=zh-HK}}</ref> One protester carrying this flag claimed to be from Guangdong and expressed support for the Hong Kong protests, stating, "Our common enemy is the CCP. The CCP not only deprives Hong Kong people of their freedom but also carries out massacres and deprives freedom in various parts of the mainland."
In November 2023, when Xi Jinping attended the [[APEC United States 2023|APEC summit]] in the United States and visited California, protesters against China staged demonstrations at locations such as the [[Consulate General of China, San Francisco|Chinese Consulate General in San Francisco]]. Among them were supporters of Cantonia independence, who carried the "tricolor Kapok Flag" and held signs saying "Expel the Communist Criminals, Reclaim Our Territory."<ref>{{Cite web |title=What did the protesters want with Xi Jinping? |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/usa-xi-protests-11162023113106.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203135257/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/usa-xi-protests-11162023113106.html |archive-date=2023-12-03 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Radio Free Asia |language=en}}</ref> One participant, interviewed by the media, expressed identification with "Cantonia" rather than China as their home country, stating, "The only way out for China is for each province to become independent." They emphasized the need for not only Guangdong but also other provinces like [[Fujian]], [[Shanxi]], and [[Inner Mongolia]] to seek independence, citing the disputes caused by China in the South China Sea as evidence, saying, "If China disintegrates, the world will be more peaceful."<ref>{{Cite web |last=中央通訊社 |date=2023-11-16 |title=APEC峰會反習近平抗議遍地開花 高舉台灣國旗傳達訴求 {{!}} 政治 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202311160016.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118192012/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202311160016.aspx |archive-date=2023-11-18 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=中央社 CNA |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=拜习会当日 加州抗议与支持习近平的群众多次冲突 |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/sc-11162023060855.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119182208/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/sc-11162023060855.html |archive-date=2023-11-19 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Radio Free Asia |language=zh-cn}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Web |date=2023-11-16 |title=【APEC新聞】大批示威者在舊金山中領館外抗議習近平訪美（視頻） |url=https://www.ktsf.com/2023/11/16/apec-chinese-consulate-protest/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118010349/https://www.ktsf.com/2023/11/16/apec-chinese-consulate-protest/ |archive-date=2023-11-18 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=KTSF.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=在拜習會之際 有大批示威者在三藩市中領館外抗議習近平的到來 11.15（粵） |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7Q50dNQEO8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117214723/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7Q50dNQEO8 |archive-date=2023-11-17 |language=zh-Hans-CN}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=【APEC反习近平集会 {{!}} 示威者支持广东独立】 |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/dgvjoPz5EP8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119222523/https://www.youtube.com/shorts/dgvjoPz5EP8 |archive-date=2023-11-19 |language=zh-Hans-CN |accessdate=2023-11-19 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In December 2023, the {{Ill|Chuka Seitaigo Restaurant controversy|zh|日本東京中華西太后餐廳事件}} occurred in Tokyo, triggering conflicts between Chinese residents in Japan and supporters of the restaurant. After the restaurant resumed operations, the owner replaced the original sign that read "Chinese not allowed" with posters featuring images and text related to [[Censorship in China|sensitive Chinese issues]] such as [[Hong Kong independence]], [[8964]], and "Cantonia Independence" to prevent pro-Communist Chinese from entering the establishment.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1759769342307418262 |user=Y3dvVnBptIvx4lc |title=再訪中華西太后慰問老板反共出名了，小粉紅有功！ |date=2024-02-20}}</ref>
On May 5, 2024, Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]] visited [[Paris]], [[France]], and encountered large-scale protests from various ethnic groups, including [[Tibetan people|Tibetans]] and [[Uyghurs]]. Activists called on France and [[Europe]] not to cooperate with Xi Jinping. Among the crowd was Lau Feilung, an advocate for the Cantonia independence movement. Lau was arrested and detained by French police near the Arc de Triomphe while protesting. He had his flags and banners confiscated and was fined. Lau believes that the actions of the Paris police were influenced by pressure from the Chinese Communist Party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-06 |title=习近平访法遭大规模抗议 活动人士吁法国对习说"不" |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/kw-05062024103309.html |website=[[Radio Free Asia|RFA]] |language=zh-cn}}</ref> Additionally, in December 2022, Lau Feilung joined other Uyghur protesters at [[Dam Square]] in the [[Netherlands]] to protest the Urumqi fire incident and [[Chinese government response to COVID-19|China's pandemic policies]]. On June 2nd, a rally was held at [[Parliament Square]] in [[London]], UK to commemorate the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre|June 4th incident]]. A participant advocating for the independence of Cantonia stated that, as a person from Cantonia, similar to some young people from Hong Kong, they would mourn and pay attention to the June 4th incident from a humanitarian perspective and a local viewpoint.▼
▲On May 5, 2024, Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]] visited [[Paris]], [[France]], and encountered large-scale protests from various ethnic groups, including [[Tibetan people|Tibetans]] and [[Uyghurs]]. Activists called on France and [[Europe]] not to cooperate with Xi Jinping. Among the crowd was Lau Feilung, an advocate for the Cantonia independence movement. Lau was arrested and detained by French police near the Arc de Triomphe while protesting. He had his flags and banners confiscated and was fined. Lau believes that the actions of the Paris police were influenced by pressure from the Chinese Communist Party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-06 |title=习近平访法遭大规模抗议 活动人士吁法国对习说"不" |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/kw-05062024103309.html |website=[[Radio Free Asia|RFA]] |language=zh-cn}}</ref> Additionally, in December 2022, Lau Feilung joined other Uyghur protesters at [[Dam Square]] in the [[Netherlands]] to protest the Urumqi fire incident and [[Chinese government response to COVID-19|China's pandemic policies]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uyghur |first=Abdurehim Gheni |date=2022-12-05 |title=Protests Against the Urumqi Fire Extend to Amsterdam |url=https://bitterwinter.org/protests-against-urumqi-fire-extend-to-amsterdam/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=劉飛龍是粤独活动家. 他就烏魯木齊大火公開反對中國政府 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHarmhpxGwo |language=zh-Hans-CN |accessdate=2024-05-09}}</ref> On June 2nd, a rally was held at [[Parliament Square]] in [[London]], UK to commemorate the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre|June 4th incident]]. A participant advocating for the independence of Cantonia stated that, as a person from Cantonia, similar to some young people from Hong Kong, they would mourn and pay attention to the June 4th incident from a humanitarian perspective and a local viewpoint.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-03 |title=【【六四35】倫敦中國留學生再度領軍 逾二百港人烈日下支持集會 {{!}} WeDia HK |url=https://www.patreon.com/posts/liu-si-35-lun-du-105532368 |website=[[Patreon]] |language=zh-cn}}</ref>
On June 9th, 2024, Hongkongers in London took to the streets in protest, demanding the closure of the [[Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office]] in London. A speaker advocating for the independence of Guangdong expressed hope that Hong Kong and Guangdong would soon become independent countries free from Chinese Communist Party control. He stated, "It took 40-plus years of [[Cold War]] for the Soviet Union to disintegrate, but I am still willing to stand with everyone. I hope we can win this battle, I hope that China will collapse like the Soviet Union, and I hope that after shaking off the authoritarian rule, Hong Kong and Guangdong can finally become independent nations." On the 12th, people from various ethnic groups, including Filipinos and Vietnamese, gathered at noon outside the [[Consulate General of China, San Francisco|Chinese Consulate General in San Francisco]] to protest against [[Territorial disputes in the South China Sea|China's expansion in the South China Sea]]. Participating Hongkongers also commemorated the fifth anniversary of the [[Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill|Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement]]. The event included independence activists from Guangdong, Yunnan, and Shanghai, carrying flags advocating for the independence of Guangdong, Shanghai, and Yunnan. Protesters chanted slogans such as "China get out of the Philippines," "China get out of Vietnam," "China get out of Guangdong," and "Free Cantonia." Cheng Wing-wa, a member of the Cantonia Independence Party, spoke at the event, criticizing China's pollution and overfishing in the South China Sea, which have caused severe environmental damage. He argued that China's "[[Nine-dash line]]" extending into the nearshore areas of Vietnam and the Philippines is unreasonable, accusing China of having ambitions to dominate the world and enslave the globe. He condemned China's "lawless and barbaric behavior" and called for protests alongside people from more countries. "Stand together with Filipinos, Vietnamese, Hongkongers, people from Yunnan, and all freedom-loving people in the world forever!" Xu Ke from Shanghai advocated for Shanghai's independence, expressing hope for "a peaceful world without the Chinese Communist Party. Shanghai people, Hongkongers, people from Guangdong, and other ethnic groups should be able to live freely and with dignity, without fear or oppression, and be able to choose their own future." <ref>{{Citation |title=多族裔人士旧金山中领馆外集会 抗议中国南海扩张 |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/sc-06132024110137.html |language=zh-Hans-CN |accessdate=2024-06-13}}</ref>▼
▲On June 9th, 2024, Hongkongers in London took to the streets in protest, demanding the closure of the [[Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office]] in London. A speaker advocating for the independence of Guangdong expressed hope that Hong Kong and Guangdong would soon become independent countries free from Chinese Communist Party control. He stated, "It took 40-plus years of [[Cold War]] for the Soviet Union to disintegrate, but I am still willing to stand with everyone. I hope we can win this battle, I hope that China will collapse like the Soviet Union, and I hope that after shaking off the authoritarian rule, Hong Kong and Guangdong can finally become independent nations."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-09 |title=【反修例五週年】四百港人倫敦示威要求關閉經貿辦 {{!}} WeDia HK |url=https://www.patreon.com/posts/fan-xiu-li-wu-si-105904942 |website=[[Patreon]] |language=zh-cn}}</ref> On the 12th, people from various ethnic groups, including Filipinos and Vietnamese, gathered at noon outside the [[Consulate General of China, San Francisco|Chinese Consulate General in San Francisco]] to protest against [[Territorial disputes in the South China Sea|China's expansion in the South China Sea]]. Participating Hongkongers also commemorated the fifth anniversary of the [[Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill|Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement]]. The event included independence activists from Guangdong, Yunnan, and Shanghai, carrying flags advocating for the independence of Guangdong, Shanghai, and Yunnan. Protesters chanted slogans such as "China get out of the Philippines," "China get out of Vietnam," "China get out of Guangdong," and "Free Cantonia." Cheng Wing-wa, a member of the Cantonia Independence Party, spoke at the event, criticizing China's pollution and overfishing in the South China Sea, which have caused severe environmental damage. He argued that China's "[[Nine-dash line]]" extending into the nearshore areas of Vietnam and the Philippines is unreasonable, accusing China of having ambitions to dominate the world and enslave the globe. He condemned China's "lawless and barbaric behavior" and called for protests alongside people from more countries. "Stand together with Filipinos, Vietnamese, Hongkongers, people from Yunnan, and all freedom-loving people in the world forever!" Xu Ke from Shanghai advocated for Shanghai's independence, expressing hope for "a peaceful world without the Chinese Communist Party. Shanghai people, Hongkongers, people from Guangdong, and other ethnic groups should be able to live freely and with dignity, without fear or oppression, and be able to choose their own future." <ref>{{Citation |title=多族裔人士旧金山中领馆外集会 抗议中国南海扩张 |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/sc-06132024110137.html |language=zh-Hans-CN |accessdate=2024-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=CHINA OUT NOW ! END THE OCCUPATION |url=https://www.youtube.com/live/v92YyJshmks |language=en |accessdate=2024-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=RFA |title=6月12日，旧金山多个族裔人士齐聚中领馆门外，抗议中国在南海的扩张 |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/UfGLr9MkXEM |language=zh-Hans-CN |accessdate=2024-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=AVBN TV |title=VIETV DIRECTV CHANNEL 2036 2037 CUỘC BIỂU TÌNH CHỦ ĐỀ KẾT THÚC SỰ CHIẾM ĐÓNG TRUNG QUỐC RA KHỎI NGAY |date=2024-06-13 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uU43_glDEho |accessdate=2024-06-15}}</ref>
==== Street slogan incidents ====
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According to reports, the [[Cantonia Independence Party]] is an organization that "advocates for the independence of Guangdong Province from China" and claims to be "a democratic party." Members of this organization have also organized protests against China in the [[Los Angeles]] area during the anniversary of the [[Guangzhou Television Cantonese controversy|Support Cantonese parade]], displaying slogans such as "Cantonia Independence" and "Free Cantonia." Some netizens claimed that the banners were hung in Guangzhou, and this [[misinformation]] spread widely on platforms such as [[YouTube]] and [[Twitter]]. Subsequently, media outlets debunked this misinformation through image search tools like Google Lens, and found the original posts shared by the organization on Twitter:<ref name="mygo">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-22 |title=【錯誤】廣州出現抗議布條照片？不要廣東要粵國？實為美國洛杉磯聲援四通橋抗議 |url=https://www.mygopen.com/2022/10/la-cantonia.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202141233/https://www.mygopen.com/2022/10/la-cantonia.html |archive-date=2022-12-02 |access-date=2022-11-02 |publisher=[[MyGoPen]] |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="annie2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-18 |title=反習活動遍地開花！洛杉磯掛出全繁體「廣東獨立」標語 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/4093370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110121311/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/4093370 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |access-date=2022-10-19 |publisher=[[自由时报]] |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="afp2" />
{{Cite tweet |number=1581754966749810688 |user=CantoniaIP |title=今日，我哋一位黨員響應北京四通橋抗議，張掛咗抗議中國嘅橫幅。我哋欽佩彭義士嘅勇氣，不過我哋認為只有中國解體，各地獨立，先可以有真正嘅民主自由。 |date=2022-10-16 |language=zh-yue |trans-title=Today, one of our party members responded to the protest on the Sitong Bridge in Beijing and hung a banner protesting against China. We admire Peng's courage, but we believe that true democracy and freedom can only be achieved when China is disintegrated and all regions become independent.}}
According to an exclusive interview by [[Radio Free Asia]] with the protester, he expressed admiration for the courage of the Sitong Bridge protester and felt compelled to respond to their call. However, he believes that in addition to opposing Xi Jinping and the CCP, there should be fundamental opposition to China's "[[Chinese uniformity|Grand Unification]]", because "this system does not respect the interests and history of people's homelands... it only perpetuates tragedy." Despite feeling afraid when taking action, he still believes it is necessary. Regarding the spread caused by the banner, he believes its content resonated with many, and he believes that through this action, the idea of "Cantonia independence" has gained more attention.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-19 |title=RFA独家专访四通桥抗议模仿者："有恐惧但必须做" |url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/gangtai/sc-10192022115433.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101172132/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/gangtai/sc-10192022115433.html |archive-date=2022-11-01 |access-date=2022-10-19 |publisher=自由亚洲电台 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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=== Government parties and official media ===
In April 1979, at the work conference of the [[CCP Central Committee]], [[Xi Zhongxun]], then the first secretary of the [[Guangdong Provincial Committee]], proposed that the central government shall delegate power to Canton. [[Hua Guofeng]], who presided over the meeting, wondered what power Xi wanted. Xi said on the spot: "If Guangdong was an 'independent country', it could only take a few years to achieve (great development); but under the current system, it will not be easy.” This speech caused a massive response at the conference.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-31 |title=习仲勋：如果广东是个"独立国家"早就搞上去了 |url=http://history.m4.cn/2013-01/1200356.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831220007/http://history.m4.cn/2013-01/1200356.shtml |archive-date=2017-08-31 |accessdate=2017-08-31 |publisher=[[四月网]]}}</ref> On October 5, 2020, multiple media reported that the [[Education Bureau|Hong Kong Education Bureau]] accused a teacher from {{Ill|Kowloon Tong Alliance Primary School|zh|九龍塘宣道小學}} of designing a school curriculum to systematically spread information about "Hong Kong independence"; the Bureau canceled his teacher qualification at the end of September. According to the curriculum exclusively obtained by Sing Tao Daily, in the summary part, the teacher mentioned that "someone has proposed splitting the country" in China, saying that Mao Zedong, the [[Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party]], once advocated the establishment of a "Republic of Hunan", and the veteran of the Party, Xi Zhongxun, also said in 1979 that "If Canton were an independent country, it would now surpass Hong Kong." The teacher asked, "In the face of these historical facts, can Hong Kong's patriotic pro-establishment faction give any explanation to the Hong Kong citizens? Isn't what they do just plain old 'rules for thee but not for me'?"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-09 |title=【独家】宣小问题教案首曝光 误导学生歪曲事实（附内容全文） |url=https://www.singtao.ca/4596701/2020-11-09/news-%E3%80%90%E7%8D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E3%80%91%E5%AE%A3%E5%B0%8F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E6%95%99%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%96%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89+%E8%AA%A4%E5%B0%8E%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E6%AD%AA%E6%9B%B2%E4%BA%8B%E5%AF%A6%EF%BC%88%E9%99%84%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E5%85%A8%E6%96%87%EF%BC%89/ |publisher=[[星島日報]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=【獨家】宣小問題教案內容全文 |url=https://std.stheadline.com/exclusive/article/380/%E7%8D%A8%E5%AE%B6-%E5%AE%A3%E5%B0%8F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E6%95%99%E6%A1%88%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E5%85%A8%E6%96%87 |publisher=[[星島日報]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=被除名香港教师教案曝光 称习仲勋倡粤独遭狠批 |url=https://nyxiaozhan.com/news/1658402/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BB%B4-%E8%A2%AB%E9%99%A4%E5%90%8D%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%95%99%E5%B8%88%E6%95%99%E6%A1%88%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89-%E7%A7%B0%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B%E5%80%A1%E7%B2%A4%E7%8B%AC%E9%81%AD%E7%8B%A0%E6%89%B9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129092336/https://nyxiaozhan.com/news/1658402/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BB%B4-%E8%A2%AB%E9%99%A4%E5%90%8D%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%95%99%E5%B8%88%E6%95%99%E6%A1%88%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89-%E7%A7%B0%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B%E5%80%A1%E7%B2%A4%E7%8B%AC%E9%81%AD%E7%8B%A0%E6%89%B9 |archive-date=2023-11-29 |access-date=2023-09-28 |publisher=[[多維網]]}}</ref> Sing Tao Daily commented that the teacher's claim that Xi Zhongxun advocated for "Canton independence" completely distorted the original meaning and was "misinterpreting history." Xi Zhongxun's statement was "just a hypothesis and has nothing to do with 'Canton independence'." Some Hong Kong pro-establishment media outlets believe that the teacher was deliberately "taking things out of context".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-12 |title=【中国观察】习仲勋提倡「粤独」？ |url=https://std.stheadline.com/sc/kol/article/1736/%E6%94%BF%E5%95%86KOL-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F-%E7%BF%92%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%9B%E6%8F%90%E5%80%A1-%E7%B2%B5%E7%8D%A8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129092336/https://std.stheadline.com/sc/kol/article/1736/%E6%94%BF%E5%95%86KOL-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F-%E7%BF%92%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%9B%E6%8F%90%E5%80%A1-%E7%B2%B5%E7%8D%A8 |archive-date=2023-11-29 |access-date=2023-09-28 |publisher=[[星島日報]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=【離晒大譜】九龍塘宣小「離譜港獨」教案完整曝光 證教育局取消涉事教師教席決定合理 |url=https://www.speakout.hk/%E7%84%A6%E9%BB%9E%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/64224/-%E9%9B%A2%E6%99%92%E5%A4%A7%E8%AD%9C-%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D%E5%A1%98%E5%AE%A3%E5%B0%8F-%E9%9B%A2%E8%AD%9C%E6%B8%AF%E7%8D%A8-%E6%95%99%E6%A1%88%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89-%E8%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E6%B6%89%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AD%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%88%E7%90%86 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129092338/https://www.speakout.hk/%E7%84%A6%E9%BB%9E%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/64224/-%E9%9B%A2%E6%99%92%E5%A4%A7%E8%AD%9C-%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D%E5%A1%98%E5%AE%A3%E5%B0%8F-%E9%9B%A2%E8%AD%9C%E6%B8%AF%E7%8D%A8-%E6%95%99%E6%A1%88%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89-%E8%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E6%B6%89%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AD%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%88%E7%90%86 |archive-date=2023-11-29 |access-date=2023-09-28 |publisher=[[港人講地]]}}</ref>
On September 11, 2008, [[Southern Metropolis Daily]] published a full-page report titled "If Canton was an independent economy." The article said: "Let us imagine if Canton was a country... We will try to look at China in a new way from an outsider's perspective" and calculated that if China's provinces were treated as independent countries, "the 'Republic of Canton' would become the 14th largest economy in the world (in terms of purchasing power parity)."<ref>{{Cite web |title=假如广东是独立经济体 经济总量位列世界第14 |url=http://finance.southcn.com/content/2008-09/11/content_4593860.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130110400/http://finance.southcn.com/content/2008-09/11/content_4593860.htm |archive-date=2019-01-30 |accessdate=2008-09-11 |publisher=[[南方网]]}}</ref>
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}}{{clear}}In 2016, protests broke out once again in [[Wukan]] village of [[Lufeng, Guangdong|Lufeng]], [[Guangdong|Canton]]. Some localist commentators who advocate Hong Kong independence believe that people who support Hong Kong independence should also support "Canton independence", because if people who support a "Great Unified China" and sincerely believe that "Hong Kong people should support mainlanders" "truly wants to save Wukan, the only way to it is through Canton independence. If Hong Kong people want to help Canton become independent, they must first become independent themselves; if all the provinces could encumber the Communist criminals at the same time, it will be impossible for them to focus on one province or one region."<ref>{{cite news |date=2016-09-16 |title=【投稿】施丹：粵獨救烏坎 |url=https://www.localpresshk.com/2016/09/wukan-2/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211025711/https://www.localpresshk.com/2016/09/wukan-2/ |archivedate=2017-02-11 |accessdate=2016-09-16 |publisher={{ill|Local Press|lt=Local Press|zh|本土新聞}}}}</ref>
Regarding the emergence of "Canton independence" voices on the Internet in recent years, some online commentators believe that some local people in Canton possess a "local superiority complex" and "local sense of crisis," which they consider as a form of "cyber-[[neotribalism]]." They also view the "support Cantonese language" rallies in response to the [[Guangzhou Television Cantonese controversy]] in Canton City as evidence of heightened conflicts. The commentators further state that historical instances like [[Li Hongzhang]]'s and {{ill|Au Ku-kap|lt=Au Ku-kap|zh|歐榘甲}}'s plans for Canton independence were aimed at restoring unity rather than independence being the goal. On the other hand, Mark Koyama, an economic historian at [[George Mason University]], mentioned in an interview his experiences and perceptions in conversations with Chinese people, noting that Chinese people "are more separatist than I would have thought before I knew as much about the country," especially those from the "Shanghai region, or people from Guangdong and Hong Kong." He also points out that throughout Chinese history, the country has entered periods of fragmentation every few hundred years, suggesting that in the event of a major disaster or collapse in the future, it is likely to fragment once again.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-30 |title=Noel Johnson and Mark Koyama on *Persecution and Toleration* |url=https://medium.com/conversations-with-tyler/tyler-cowen-noel-johnson-mark-koyama-history-persecution-toleration-c291166ab871 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330144331/https://medium.com/conversations-with-tyler/tyler-cowen-noel-johnson-mark-koyama-history-persecution-toleration-c291166ab871 |archive-date=2019-03-30 |accessdate=2019-03-30 |publisher=Mercatus Center}}</ref>
[[Guo Wengui]], a famous Chinese businessman who was wanted by the Chinese government and fled to the [[United States]], once commented on the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russia-Ukraine war]] and believed that Russia would eventually disintegrate and split into more than a dozen countries. Therefore, he believes that China must implement a [[federal system]] and even allow Canton, [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwan]], [[Hong Kong independence|Hong Kong]], [[Tibetan independence movement|Tibet]] and [[East Turkestan independence movement|Xinjiang]] to become independent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-16 |title=馬雲在日本高枕無憂？郭文貴爆：他沒有真自由 惡夢才剛開始 |url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E9%A6%AC%E9%9B%B2%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%AB%98%E6%9E%95%E7%84%A1%E6%86%82-%E9%83%AD%E6%96%87%E8%B2%B4%E7%88%86-%E4%BB%96%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E7%9C%9F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1-%E6%83%A1%E5%A4%A2%E6%89%8D%E5%89%9B%E9%96%8B%E5%A7%8B-003201711.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129092452/https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E9%A6%AC%E9%9B%B2%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%AB%98%E6%9E%95%E7%84%A1%E6%86%82-%E9%83%AD%E6%96%87%E8%B2%B4%E7%88%86-%E4%BB%96%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E7%9C%9F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1-%E6%83%A1%E5%A4%A2%E6%89%8D%E5%89%9B%E9%96%8B%E5%A7%8B-003201711.html |archive-date=2023-11-29 |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=Yahoo News |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref>
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}}{{clear}}Japanese right-wing commentator, writer, and journalist proficient in Chinese, {{ill|Masahiro Miyazaki|lt=Masahiro Miyazaki|ja|宮崎正弘}}, a member of the "South China Sea Issue Study Group," combines his own experiences in China to argue that not only Inner Mongolia, Tibet, and East Turkestan, but also regions including Canton, Hong Kong, Macau, Hokkien, and Shanghai, due to being divided into different economic spheres, all possess independent potential and possibilities.<ref>{{Cite book |author=宫崎正弘 |title=《中国分裂 七つの理由》 |publisher=CCCメディアハウス |year=2009 |isbn=978-4484092348 |language=ja |chapter=たとえば上海独立、広東独立という独立経済圏のシナリオ}}</ref> Miyazaki believes that there are significant differences among ethnic groups in China, with people in Canton traditionally exhibiting a vigorous "anti-central government, independent spirit."<ref>{{Cite book |author=宫崎正弘 |title=《出身地でわかる中国人》 |publisher=PHP研究所 |year=2006 |isbn=978-4569646206 |language=ja}}</ref> Combining his analysis of the sentiments in other regions of China and the power struggles within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Miyazaki points out that China actually faces various possibilities of division because the CCP finds it difficult to simultaneously address economic, border, stability maintenance, and capital outflow issues.
After the [[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes]], some Indian media, including the famous news channel NewsX, circulated and displayed maps of China after its disintegration, in which Canton was often split into its own country named "Cantonia". Some commentators believe that this is to deconstruct China's national construction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Review 2 |first=Mekong |date=2020-11-13 |title=China imagined |url=https://mekongreview.com/china-imagined/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105083628/https://mekongreview.com/china-imagined/ |archive-date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Mekong Review |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=China Renames Places In Arunachal {{!}} Time to Show Real Map of China? {{!}} NewsX |website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tyh7j8TKbdo |access-date=2024-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Liberacy |first=The |date=2021-07-27 |title=China: A Prison of Nations |url=https://theliberacy.com/2021/07/27/china-a-prison-of-nations/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623160626/https://theliberacy.com/2021/07/27/china-a-prison-of-nations/ |archive-date=2022-06-23 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=theliberacy.com |language=en-US}}</ref>。
==See also==
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