Italians: Difference between revisions

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'''Italians''' ({{lang-it|italiani}}, {{IPA-it|itaˈljaːni|lang}}) are a [[nation]] and [[ethnic group]] native to the [[Italian geographical region]].<ref name="Minahan">{{cite book |last=Minahan |first=James |title=One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC |date=2000 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |pages=342–343 |isbn=0313309841 |access-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321014815/http://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC |archive-date=21 March 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Italians share a common core of [[Italian culture|culture]], [[History of Italy|history]], [[Cultural heritage|ancestry]], and often the usage of [[Italian language]] or [[Languages of Italy|regional Italian languages]].
 
The concept of ''Italia'' and the equivalent of "Italian" (such as ''Italic'' or ''Italiote'') have existed since ancient times. The [[ancient peoples of Italy]] included the [[Etruscans]], the [[Ligures]], the [[Adriatic Veneti]], the [[Sicani]] and [[Siculi]] (in Sicily), the [[Rhaetians]], the [[Iapygians]], [[Nuragic civilization|the Nuragic peoples (in Sardinia)]], the Greek colonisers in [[Magna Graecia]], the [[Phoenicia]]n settlers in the islands, the [[Rhaetians]], the [[Cisalpine Gaul]]s, the [[Latins (Italic tribe)|Latins]] and, among them, the [[ancient Rome|Romans]], who were able to unify the territory of Italy and make it the centre of a vast Mediterranean empire and civilisation.<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/miti-e-simboli-della-rivoluzione-nazionale_(L'Unificazione)/ Miti e simboli della rivoluzione nazionale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810115430/http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/miti-e-simboli-della-rivoluzione-nazionale_(L'Unificazione)/ |date=10 August 2018 }}. Treccani.it</ref><ref>[https://web.stanford.edu/group/fearon-research/cgi-bin/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Ethnic-and-Cultural-Diversity-by-Country.pdf Ethnic and Cultural Diversity by Country, James D. Fearon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113094539/https://web.stanford.edu/group/fearon-research/cgi-bin/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Ethnic-and-Cultural-Diversity-by-Country.pdf |date=13 November 2018 }}. Department of Political Science, Stanford University</ref><ref name="istat.it">[http://www.istat.it/en/archive/136517 : The usage of Italian language, dialects and other languages in Italy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210121930/https://www.istat.it/en/archive/136517 |date=10 December 2018 }}. Istat.it</ref><ref>Giuliano Procacci (ed.) (2009) Storia degli Italiani (In Italian: History of the Italian People). Rome, Italy: Editori Laterza.</ref> In medieval times, parts of the peninsula have been occupied by foreign populations who were integrated in Italian culture, such as the [[Ostrogoths]], [[Lombards]], [[Franks]], [[Normans]], and [[Arabs]]. In the Modern age, other European countries such as France, Spain, and Austria controlled parts of the peninsula. All these populations have left a strong regional influence on the [[Italian culture|culture]], [[History of Italy|history]], [[Cultural heritage|ancestry]], and dialects of [[Italian language]]. Finally, emigration and immigration played a crucial role in developing local cultures, with both immigrant and returning emigrants introducing new costumes.
 
Today, [[Italian nationality law|Italian nationals]] are citizens of [[Italy]], regardless of ancestry or nation of residence. However, [[Italian nationality law|Italian nationality]] (or citizenship) is largely based on ''[[jus sanguinis]]'', according to which a person can claim Italian citizenship if they have ancestors with such citizenship. Still, Italian [[Italian nationality law|nationality]] is not necessarily synonymous with Italian ethnicity, as there are ethnic Italians without Italian citizenship or descendants of Italians in territories that were once part of an Italian state and now belong to another country (for instance in [[Niçard Italians|Nice]], [[Istrian Italians|Istria]], and [[Dalmatian Italians|Dalmatia]]); and ethnic Italians without citizenship who descend from emigrants of the [[Italian diaspora]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/temi/cittadinanza/Sottotema_007_English_version.html | title = Criteria underlying legislation concerning citizenship | publisher = [[Ministry of Interior (Italy)|Italian Ministry of Interior]] | access-date = 22 September 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120622185138/http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/temi/cittadinanza/Sottotema_007_English_version.html | archive-date = 22 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>Ruggiero Romano, Corrado Vivanti, (1972). 'I caratteri originali'. In: Giulio Einaudi Editore (ed), Storia d'Italia Einaudi. 1st ed. Torino: Einaudi. pp.958–959.</ref> In fact, is estimated that there are more people with the right to claim Italian [[Italian nationality law|nationality]] (~80 millions) than Italian [[Italian nationality law|nationals]] (~55 millions). It is also important to note that Italian nationality can be acquired by meeting other conditions, hinging on studying or working in Italy and passing an exam of language and culture.
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| archive-date = 24 April 2016
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Italians have strongly influenced and contributed to fields such as [[Italian art|arts]] and [[Italian Music|music]], [[science]], [[technology]], [[Italian fashion|fashion]], [[Italian cinema|cinema]], [[Italian cuisine|cuisine]], [[restaurant]]s, [[sport]]s, [[jurisprudence]], [[bank]]ing and [[business]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.crvp.org/book/Series04/IV-5/chapter_vi.htm
|title = The essence of Italian culture and the challenge of the global age