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Israel is located in a region of great significance to the [[Abrahamic religions]], the southern part of the [[Levant]] known as [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] – the biblical [[Land of Israel]] or [[Holy Land]]. In antiquity, it was home to several [[Israelites|Israelite]] and [[Jews|Jewish]] kingdoms, including [[History of ancient Israel and Judah|Israel and Judah]] and [[Hasmonean dynasty|Hasmonean Judea]]. Over time, the region was conquered by many empires like the [[Neo-Assyrian Empire|Assyrian]], [[Neo-Babylonian Empire|Babylonian]], [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian]], [[Hellenistic period|Hellenic]], and [[Roman Empire|Roman]]. Despite a substantial [[Jewish diaspora]], it was the frequent [[Jewish–Roman wars|Jewish revolts against Roman rule]] that eventually led to Jews becoming a minority in Palestine. Later, the area was under [[Byzantine]] rule, followed by [[Arab conquest of the Levant|Arab control]]. Despite being object of dispute during the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Crusades]], it remained under rule of successive [[Islamic caliphates|Islamic dynasties]] until the collapse of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in [[World War I]], when it was placed under [[Mandatory Palestine|British mandate]] by the [[League of Nations]]. In the late 19th century emerged [[Zionism]], a movement advocating for the reestablishment of a [[Homeland for the Jewish people|Jewish state]] in Palestine. Under the British, Jewish immigration to the region increased considerably, leading to tensions between Jews and the Arab majority population. Britain turned to the [[United Nations]], which in 1947 recommended the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine|partition of Palestine]] into separate Arab and Jewish states, sparking a [[1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine|civil war]] between the two peoples. The British ended the Mandate on 14 May 1948, and on the same day Jewish leaders declared [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|Israel's independence]].
The State of Israel was established following [[World War II]] and the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]]. Its founding was met with a mixture of international support and regional opposition. The day after, neighboring Arab states, in rejection of the United Nations partition plan, initiated the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/arab-israeli-war |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref>
The country has a [[parliamentary system]] elected by means of [[proportional representation]]. The [[Prime Minister of Israel|prime minister]] serves as head of [[Cabinet of Israel|government]], and is elected by the [[Knesset]], Israel's [[Unicameralism|unicameral legislature]].<ref name="cnn" /> Israel is a [[developed country]] and an [[OECD]] member,<ref name="OECD">{{cite web |url=http://www.oecd.org/israel/israelsaccessiontotheoecd.htm |title=Israel's accession to the OECD |publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |access-date=12 August 2012}}</ref> with a [[Demographics of Israel|population of over 9 million people]] {{As of|2021|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=T. O. I. staff|title=Israel's population rises to over 9.3 million on Rosh Hashanah eve|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-population-stands-at-over-9-3-million-on-rosh-hashanah-eve/|access-date=14 October 2021|website=Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref> It has the world's [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|29th-largest economy by nominal GDP]] and [[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|13th by nominal GDP per capita]].<ref name="IMFWEO.IL" />
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