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The '''Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft''' ('''AMCA''') is a proposed Indian [[Fifth-generation jet fighter|fifth-generation]] [[Stealth aircraft|stealth]], [[Multirole combat aircraft|multirole]] combat aircraft for the [[Indian Air Force]] and the [[Indian Navy]] under development which will also include [[Sixth-generation fighter|sixth-generation]] technologies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=KP Sanjeev|date=2020-10-24|title=When Can Indian Air Force Deploy First 'Desi' 5th Gen Fighter Jet?|url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/indian-air-force-first-desi-5th-generation-fighter-jet-hal-drdo-amca|access-date=2021-02-03|website=TheQuint|language=en|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210172814/https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/indian-air-force-first-desi-5th-generation-fighter-jet-hal-drdo-amca|url-status=live}}</ref> The design of the aircraft is carried out by [[Aeronautical Development Agency]] (ADA) - an Aircraft Design House under Ministry of Defence, Govt of India. It is expected to be produced by a public-private joint venture between the DRDO, HAL, and an Indian private company.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shukla |first=Ajai |date=30 April 2021 |title=A point for HAL Nashik to ponder: What after Sukhoi-30MKI fighters? |publisher=Business Standard |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/a-point-for-hal-nashik-to-ponder-what-after-sukhoi-30mki-fighters-121042901623_1.html |url-status=live |access-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430010318/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/a-point-for-hal-nashik-to-ponder-what-after-sukhoi-30mki-fighters-121042901623_1.html |archive-date=30 April 2021}}</ref> The development cost is estimated to be around [[Indian rupee|₹]]15,000 [[crore]] (~$2 billion).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last1=P |first1=Rajat |date=22 November 2021 |title=AMCA Fighter Jet: Made-in-India stealth fighter project set to take off in 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/made-in-india-stealth-fighter-project-set-to-take-off-in-2022/articleshow/87838884.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2021-11-22 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=22 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122085518/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/made-in-india-stealth-fighter-project-set-to-take-off-in-2022/articleshow/87838884.cms }}</ref>
As of February 2023, DRDO has completed design of AMCA and is waiting for "Critical Design Review'", which according to ''[[The Indian Express]]'', is a technical review to ensure that the system of an aircraft can proceed into fabrication, demonstration and test and can meet performance requirements.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thakur |first=Aksheev |date=2023-02-15 |title=AMCA project reaches Critical Design Review, DRDO seeks sanctioning of the project |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/amca-project-reaches-critical-design-review-drdo-seeks-sanctioning-of-the-project-8447312/ |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218172146/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/amca-project-reaches-critical-design-review-drdo-seeks-sanctioning-of-the-project-8447312/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
AMCA will be a single-seat, [[Twinjet|twin-engine]] aircraft. The AMCA Mark 1 will come equipped with 5.5 generation technologies and Mark 2 will have the incremental 6th generation technology upgrades.<ref name="ada.gov.in">{{cite web|title=ADA-Advanced Medium Fighter Aircraft|url=https://www.ada.gov.in/adawebsitedev.html|access-date=28 May 2021|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416115014/https://www.ada.gov.in/adawebsitedev.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ET Manu Pubby October 2020">{{Cite news|last=Pubby|first=Manu|title=India likely to produce next generation fighter jets in a private sector-led joint venture|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-likely-to-produce-next-generation-fighter-jets-in-a-pvt-sector-led-jv/articleshow/78439692.cms|access-date=2020-10-02|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002110554/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-likely-to-produce-next-generation-fighter-jets-in-a-pvt-sector-led-jv/articleshow/78439692.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Ch Sushil |date=5 August 2021 |title=Midhani supplies titanium alloy for medium combat jets' airframe |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/midhani-supplies-titanium-alloy-for-medium-combat-jets-airframe/articleshow/85054821.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-29 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829065028/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/midhani-supplies-titanium-alloy-for-medium-combat-jets-airframe/articleshow/85054821.cms }}</ref> The AMCA is intended to perform a multitude of missions including [[Air supremacy]], [[Air interdiction|Ground-Strike]], [[Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses]] (SEAD) and [[electronic warfare|Electronic Warfare]] (EW) missions. It is intended to be a potent replacement for the [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI]] air superiority fighter, which forms the backbone of the IAF fighter fleet.<ref name="ada.gov.in"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Mathews |first=Neelam |date=12 September 2018 |title=India Looks to Indigenous Fighters |publisher=AINonline |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2018-09-12/india-looks-indigenous-fighters |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913003703/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2018-09-12/india-looks-indigenous-fighters |archive-date=13 September 2018}}</ref>
The AMCA design is optimized for low radar cross section and [[supercruise]] capability.<ref name="bangaloremirror1">{{cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Scientists face uphill task developing India's first 5th generation fighter |work=Bangalore Mirror |url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/scientists-face-uphill-task-developing-indias-first-5th-generation-fighter/articleshow/46204361.cms |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113114626/http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/scientists-face-uphill-task-developing-indias-first-5th-generation-fighter/articleshow/46204361.cms |archive-date=13 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Manish Kumar|date=17 November 2021|title=With Certainty, LCA MK 2 Aircraft Is Slated To Enter Production By 2027 And AMCA By 2035--HAL CMD R. Madhavan|url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/With-Certainty-LCA-MK-2-Aircraft-Is-Slated-To-Enter-Production-By-2027-And-AMCA-By-2035-HAL-CMD-R-Madhavan-/17-11-2021-412423/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-22|website=BW Businessworld|language=en|archive-date=26 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126105535/https://www.businessworld.in/article/With-Certainty-LCA-MK-2-Aircraft-Is-Slated-To-Enter-Production-By-2027-And-AMCA-By-2035-HAL-CMD-R-Madhavan-/17-11-2021-412423/}}</ref> Feasibility study on AMCA and the preliminary design stage have been completed, and the project entered the detailed design phase in February 2019.<ref name="TOIFEB2019">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Chetan |date=23 February 2019 |title=Aero India 2019: HAL-developed Advanced Medium {{sic|nolink=y|Aicraft}} will be IAF's 1st option for fifth-gen fighter |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/bengaluru/hal-developed-advanced-medium-aicraft-will-be-iafs-1st-option-for-fifth-gen-fighter/articleshow/68118701.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717084812/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/hal-developed-advanced-medium-aicraft-will-be-iafs-1st-option-for-fifth-gen-fighter/articleshow/68118701.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> The AMCA is currently the only 5th generation fighter under development in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Pandit|first1=Rajat|date=22 November 2021|title=AMCA Fighter Jet: Made-in-India stealth fighter project set to take off in 2022|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/made-in-india-stealth-fighter-project-set-to-take-off-in-2022/articleshow/87838884.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-22|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=22 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122085518/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/made-in-india-stealth-fighter-project-set-to-take-off-in-2022/articleshow/87838884.cms}}</ref>
Some analysts have questioned the feasibility of India's ability to independently develop a fifth generation fighter aircraft as India lacks the industrial base and technical capabilities to do so.<ref name="Roy-Chaudhury Salute">{{Cite web|last=Roy-Chaudhury|first=Shantanu|date=2020-05-14|title=India and the Sixth-Generation Fighter Aircraft Programme|url=https://salute.co.in/iaf-and-sixth-generation-fighter-aircraft-programme/|url-status=dead|access-date=2023-01-01|website=Salute|archive-date=23 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923164600/https://salute.co.in/iaf-and-sixth-generation-fighter-aircraft-programme/}}</ref><ref name="Bhatia Carnegie">{{Cite web|last=Bhatia|first=Rahul|date=2022-08-22|title=India Needs to Fix Its Indigenous Fighter Before Building Stealth Aircraft|url=https://carnegieindia.org/2022/08/10/india-needs-to-fix-its-indigenous-fighter-before-building-stealth-aircraft-pub-87643|url-status=live|access-date=2023-01-01|website=Carnegie India|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206194331/https://carnegieindia.org/2022/08/10/india-needs-to-fix-its-indigenous-fighter-before-building-stealth-aircraft-pub-87643}}</ref> The analysts note that India also lacks a robust military industrial base to manufacture the aircraft in large numbers,<ref name="Bhatia Carnegie"/> asserting instead that India should either elicit foreign collaboration<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thapar|first=Vishal|date=2022-11-25|title=IAF Chief Calls For Foreign Collaborations On Futuristic Fighter Jet Programme|url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/IAF-Chief-Calls-For-Foreign-Collaborations-On-Futuristic-Fighter-Jet-Programme-/25-11-2022-455446/|url-status=live|access-date=2023-02-17|website=Business World|archive-date=17 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217111542/https://www.businessworld.in/article/IAF-Chief-Calls-For-Foreign-Collaborations-On-Futuristic-Fighter-Jet-Programme-/25-11-2022-455446/}}</ref> or join a multi-national fighter program such as the European [[Future Combat Air System|FCAS]] which would benefit the development of the AMCA project.<ref name="Roy-Chaudhury Salute"/>
==Development==
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===Sixth-generation technologies===
In an interview given in 2020, the then Air force Chief [[R. K. S. Bhadauria]] stated that "The planning process is already underway for combat systems like optionally manned sixth generation technologies, [[Loyal wingman|smart wingman]] concept, swarm drones, long persistent [[High-Altitude Long Endurance|HALE (High-Altitude Long Endurance)]] platforms and [[Hypersonic weapon|hypersonic weapons]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishnan M |first=Anantha |date=8 October 2020 |title=Air Chief Marshal R K S Bhadauria interview: 'Indigenisation essential for strategic development' |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/india/2020/10/08/indigenisation-is-essential-for-true-strategic-development--iaf-.html |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=www.onmanorama.com |archive-date=5 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105221639/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/nation/2020/10/08/indigenisation-is-essential-for-true-strategic-development--iaf-.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He also added that it is imperative to incorporate such advanced technologies to keep AMCA relevant.<ref name=":4" /> It is also reaffirmed by IAF's current chief [[Vivek Ram Chaudhari]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Huma |date=22 October 2021 |title=Exclusive- Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari to FE Online: Ready for two-front war; IAF is aiming for self reliance in all spheres |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/exclusive-air-chief-marshal-vr-chaudhari-to-fe-online-ready-for-two-front-war-iaf-is-aiming-for-self-reliance-in-all-spheres/2355055/ |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=Financialexpress |language=en |archive-date=22 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022145246/https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/exclusive-air-chief-marshal-vr-chaudhari-to-fe-online-ready-for-two-front-war-iaf-is-aiming-for-self-reliance-in-all-spheres/2355055/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Development concerns===
Several analysts have questioned the feasibility of India's ability to independently develop a fifth generation fighter aircraft as India lacks the industrial base and technical capabilities to do so.<ref name="Roy-Chaudhury Salute"/><ref name="Bhatia Carnegie"/> They highlight concerns the AMCA program will be characterized by the same kind of technological overreach that impacted the [[HAL Tejas|Tejas]], which took over three decades to induct into service.<ref name="Bhatia Carnegie"/>
Rahul Bhatia a research analyst states that while India has been developing some stealth-related technologies, it lacks the depth of research and design expertise at present required to build a successful stealth fighter, raising serious doubts about whether the country can come up with a fifth generation aircraft that it envisions in the expected time frame.<ref name="Bhatia Carnegie"/>
Proposing that that India should either elicit foreign collaboration or join a multi-national fighter program such as the European FCAS which would benefit the development of the AMCA project.<ref name="Roy-Chaudhury Salute"/>
==Design==
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