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{{Jews and Judaism sidebar |expanded=population}}
'''Genetic studies of Jews''' are part of the [[population genetics]] discipline and are used to analyze the ancestry of [[Jews|Jewish]] populations, complementing research in other fields such as [[Jewish history|history]], [[Jewish languages|linguistics]], archaeology, and paleontology
Studies on Jewish populations have been principally conducted using three types of [[genealogical DNA test]]s: [[Genealogical DNA test#Autosomal DNA (atDNA) testing|autosomal]] (atDNA), [[Genealogical DNA test#Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing|mitochondrial]] (mtDNA), and [[Genealogical DNA test#Y-chromosome (Y-DNA) testing|Y-chromosome]] (Y-DNA). atDNA tests, which look at the entire DNA mixture, show that Jewish populations have tended to form [[genetic isolate]]s – relatively closely related groups in independent communities with most in a community sharing significant ancestry – with [[Ashkenazi Jews]] forming the largest such group.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Dan G. |editor1-last=Blazer |editor2-first=Lyla M. |editor2-last=Hernandez |chapter=The Importance of Ancestral Origin |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFtYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA100 |page=100 |year=2006 |title=Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment: Moving Beyond the Nature/Nurture Debate |publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=978-0-309-10196-7 |access-date=22 October 2017 |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209161136/https://books.google.com/books?id=gFtYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA100 |url-status=live }}</ref> mtDNA and Y-DNA tests look at maternal and paternal ancestry respectively, via two small groups of genes transmitted only via female or male ancestors.{{sfn|Lewontin|2012|loc="Ordinary genetics is not sufficient... If one of my ancestors four generations ago were black, there is a good chance I would have inherited none of her pigment genes or so few that they would not be apparent in my own skin color. This random inheritance of genes makes it very difficult to reconstruct the variety of ancestors in remote past generations. Fortunately for those interested in the reconstruction of ancestry there are two useful exceptions to the rule that we inherit only a random one of the two sets of genetic information possessed by each of our parents... The Y chromosome carries very few genes... Thus, by examining the Y chromosome DNA from a group of males in some generation and comparing it to the Y chromosomes of various other populations, we can reconstruct the contribution of males from various sources in previous generations to the present population... Our mitochondria, then, provide us, both male and female, with a record of our maternal ancestry, uncontaminated by their male partners."}}
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