User:Wikidea/Economics and law sources

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Economics and law sources.

Principles and concepts

Justinian I and the Corpus Juris Civilis

Accountability

Parliament Act 1911 is passed in the Lords

Courts
- Heydon's case, Pepper v Hart [1993] AC 593, AG of Belize v Belize Telecom Ltd [2009] UKPC
- European Convention on Human Rights, International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court

Markets
- Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations (1776)
- David Ricardo, On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817)
- Karl Marx, Das Kapital
- John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936)

Opinion
- John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1859)
- BBC and The Times
- Media regulation

Vote
- Second Reform Act 1867 debates (1867) and history of democracy
- Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949
- Parliamentary democracy, representative government
- United Kingdom, United States, European Union, United Nations
- Bush v Gore 531 U.S. 98 (2000)

Microeconomics

200BC - Contract, tort, unjust enrichment, property (BC)
1200AD - Trusts and equity (12th century)
1600 - Intellectual property (16th century)
1800 - Labour law, company law, competition law (19th century)
1900 - Consumer protection, discrimination law, social security

Foundations of private law

Property

Aristotle and Plato in The School of Athens

Aristotle (384-322BC), Nicomachean Ethics, on the origins of equity and the distinction to law and 1132a-1132b, saying the purpose of justice is to maintain an equilibrium of goods among members of society.
Friedrich Carl von Savigny (1779-1861) Das Recht des Besitzes (1803), System des heutigen Römischen Rechts (1805) and the University of Berlin (1810)
Armory v Delamirie (1722) 1 Strange 505
Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (1992) 175 CLR 1

Trusts and equity (12th century)
Keech v Sandford (1726) 25 ER 223
Pension law
Intellectual property (16th century)

Contract

Pacta sunt servanda

Pied Piper of Hamelin by Robert Browning (1842) and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1803) and Rumpelstilzchen
Pacta sunt servanda
Freedom of contract, property and the right to vote
Patrick Atiyah, The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract (1979)

Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1892] EWCA Civ 1 and objectivity
Hadley v Baxendale (1854) 9 Exch 341 and fairness
Paradine v Jane (1647) Aleyn 26 and compensation
J Spurling Ltd v Bradshaw [1956] 1 WLR 461, Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd [1971] 2 QB 163, Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd [1989] QB 433 and consent

Unjust enrichment

Hugo Grotius

Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) Introduction to the Jurisprudence of Holland
Misrepresentation
Advertising and JK Galbraith
Undue influence, duress, unconscionability and inequality of bargaining power
- Allcard v Skinner (1887) 36 Ch D 145
- Unfair Contract Terms Bill
- Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co., 350 F.2d 445 (C.A. D.C. 1965) and Lloyds Bank Ltd v Bundy [1975] QB 326

Tort

Dickens's Dream' by R.W. Buss

Sir Anthony Fitzherbert (1470-1538), New Natura Brevium (1534)
Nuisance and the protection of property
Ronald Coase, 'The Problem of Social Cost' (1960) 1 JLE 1 and Richard Posner, Paul Samuelson, Kenneth Arrow etc
Professional negligence
Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 and consumer protection
Winterbottom v Wright (1842) 152 ER 402, Rylands v Fletcher [1868] UKHL 1, Bamford v Turnley (1860) 122 ER 25

Vicarious liability, Common employment, contributory negligence, volenti non fit injuria and Workplace health and safety
- Charles Dickens, David Copperfield
If contract is free and the market is free, then what are these laws doing?

Labour

Franklin Roosevelt signs the National Labor Relations Act of 1935

Karl Marx, Das Kapital (1867)
Sir Henry James Sumner Maine, Ancient Law (1864) and the move from status to contract
International Labour Organisation (1919), the League of Nations, and a new kind of constitutional law
- Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George
Discrimination law, dismissal and "At will employment"
Wrongful dismissal and Unfair dismissal
- Wilson v Racher [1974] ICR 428
National Minimum Wage Act 1998
Beatrice Webb and Sidney Webb, History of Trade Unionism (1894) and Industrial Democracy (1897)
Trade Union Act 1871, Trade Disputes Act 1906 and the history of labour law

Codetermination

Bullock Report 1977, Mitbestimmungsgesetz of 1976, EC Draft Fifth Directive on Company Law 1975
- Mitbestimmungsgesetz Urteil BVerGE 50, 290, Bullock Report (1977)

Companies

Adolf Augustus Berle, Jr.

South Sea Bubble (1719) and Keech v Sandford (1726) 25 ER 223

Joint Stock Companies Act 1856 and history of company law
- Foss v Harbottle, Salomon v A Solomon & Co Ltd

Adolf Berle, The Modern Corporation and Private Property (1932)

Ralph Nader, Taming the Corporate Giant (1976) KF1414 N13; The consumer and corporate accountability (1973) HC110.C63 N13
- Hutton v West Cork Railway Co, Bowen LJ
- Dodge v. Ford Motor Company 170 NW 668, 684 (1919)^[1]
- American Law Institute, Principles of Corporate Government: Analysis and Recommendations §2.01(a) (1994)

Competition

Cartoon depicting American cartel capitalists

Diocletian's regulations
John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy, Book ...

Cartel, monopoly, oligopoly, restrictive practices

History of competition law and antitrust
Sherman Act and the Clayton Act of 1914

State aid

Macroeconomics

John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936)

Socialisation

Sir Thomas More's Utopia

Public and private property

Plato's The Republic and Aristotle
Sir Thomas More, Utopia
Robert Owen (1771-1858) and A New View Of Society (1813)
Pierre Proudhon, What Is Property? (1840)
Revolutions of 1848 and the Communist Manifesto (1848) whose ten demands were, free primary education, progressive income tax, inheritance tax, government provided transport and communication, nationalisation of banks, a government agricultural plan, (and more radically) a duty of everyone to work, gradually nationalising industry, abolishing private property in land, confiscating emigrants' and rebels' property and distributing the population equally across the country.
Karl Marx, Das Kapital (1867), On the Jewish Question
John Stuart Mill, felicific calculus, utilitarianism and happiness
- Principles of Political Economy (1848) and Utilitarianism (1863), Considerations on Representative Government (1861), Auguste Comte and Positivism (1865), The Subjection of Women (1869) and Chapters on Socialism
Max Weber, Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus (1905), Politik als Beruf (1919) and Economy and Society
Russian Revolution (1917), Lenin and the Berlin Wall; Grundgesetz art 13
Joseph Stiglitz, public economics and nationalisation

Education, Social security and Health care

William Beveridge

Elementary Education Act 1870
- Brown v Board of Education 347 US 483 (1954)
Poor laws and debt prisons; Pensions and the National Insurance Act 1911, unemployment benefits
Soviet Union and United States of America, communism and capitalism
Welfare State, Beveridge Report
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (1971) and Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia (1972)
National Health Service Act 1946 and Medicare
- Roe v Wade 410 US 113 (1973)

Post office, Telecommunications, Transport and Media

American Telephone & Telegraph start of universal service (1891)

Treaty of Bern and the Universal Postal Union (1874)

International Telecommunication Union (1925)
AT&T and universal service

Convention on International Civil Aviation (1944) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (1948)
United States v. National City Lines, Inc., 186 F.2d 562 (1951)

BBC, PBS, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, RTF
- Buckley v Valeo 424 US 1 (1976)

Environment, Energy, Water

Renewable energy commercialisation

Environmental law
European Coal and Steel Community and the Common Fisheries Policy
Antarctic Treaty System (1949))
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997)
European Union Emission Trading Scheme

Financial markets

Fleissiger jung Mann sucht Arbeit

Securities and Exchange Commission and the Financial Services Authority
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000
- Derivatives and FSMA 2000 s 412, with the Gaming Act 1845
Great Depression (1929-1939), Asian crisis (1990s) and Global financial crisis (2007-)

Banking and monetary policy

James Gillray (1797) protesting paper money's introduction. William Pitt the Younger ravishes the "Old Lady of Threadneedle St"

Bank Charter Act 1844 and the gold standard
Walter Bagehot, Lombard Street, A Description of the Money Market (1873)
- ...partly reacting to Overend, Gurney and Company's collapse in 1866
Great Depression, New Deal

Taxation and fiscal policy

Nathaniel Currier, "The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor" (1846)

Magna Carta 1215
Boston Tea Party
Article XIII, Declaration of the Rights of Man

International economics

John Maynard Keynes, Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919)

International financial regulation

A gold standard means notes are convertible their gold value

Mercantilism and the Gold standard
International Monetary Fund, World Bank, International Clearing Union and the bancor
OPEC, Milton Friedman, Margaret Thatcher, Ronald Reagan and the failure of Bretton Woods
Paul Krugman, Depression economics
Offshore trust and tax haven and hedge funds

International trade law

Lord Mansfield

David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817)
- Corn laws and free trade
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, World Trade Organisation^[2]
EU law and the Treaty of Rome (1952), Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen [1963] ECR 1 and the common agricultural policy
Treaty of the European Community, four freedoms
US Constitution's commerce clause, Australian Constitution

Development

Sustainable development planning in Uganda

Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal (1729)
Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) and poverty
Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 (1845)
Social and economic rights and human rights
Declaration of Delhi (1959)
Amartya Sen and development economics
United Nations Millennium Declaration, Millenium Development Goals and Jubilee 2000

Underdevelopment, Industrialisation, Innovation and Foreign investment

Notes

^ "A business corporation is organized and carried on primarily for the profit of the stockholders. The powers of the directors are to be employed for that end. The discretion of the directors is to be exercised in the choice of means to that end, and does not extend to a change in the end itself, to the reduction of profits, or the non-distribution of profits among stockholders in order to devote them to other purposes."
^ If the arbitration process became the civil court of the UN?

[1] "A business corporation is organized and carried on primarily for the profit of the stockholders. The powers of the directors are to be employed for that end. The discretion of the directors is to be exercised in the choice of means to that end, and does not extend to a change in the end itself, to the reduction of profits, or the non-distribution of profits among stockholders in order to devote them to other purposes."

[2] If the arbitration process became the civil court of the UN?

[1]

[2]

v t e Core contract cases
Smith v Hughes (1871) LR 6 QB 597
Erlanger v New Sombrero Phosphate Co (1878) 3 AC 1218
Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1892] EWCA Civ 1
Taylor v Caldwell [1896] AC 325
The Hong Kong Fir [1962] 2 QB 26
Beswick v Beswick [1967] UKHL 2
Liverpool CC v Irwin [1968] 1 WLR 1204
Lloyds Bank Ltd v Bundy [1975] QB 326
George Mitchell Ltd v Finney Lock Seeds Ltd [1983] QB 284
Interfoto v Stiletto [1989] QB 433
Farley v Skinner [2001] UKHL 49
The Achilleas [2008] UKHL 48
OFT v Abbey National plc [2009] EWCA Civ 116
see English contract law