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Mathematical Logic

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List_of_first-order_theories, Peano axioms#Existence and uniqueness

Peano_arithmetic#Nonstandard_models

Axiomatic system, arithmetic set, finitary

Gentzen's consistency proof

First-order logic, Second-order logic, Higher-order logics

First-order arithmetic, Second-order arithmetic, Primitive recursive arithmetic

Primitive recursive function, recursive function, computable function

Proof_sketch_for_Gödel's_first_incompleteness_theorem, Gödel's_first_incompleteness_theorem

List of mathematical logic topics

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20th 21st

Main Sinology

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List of civilizations

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The following table lists the 23 civilizations identified by Arnold Toynbee in A Study of History. This table does not include what Toynbee terms primitive societies, arrested civilizations, or abortive civilizations. Civilizations are shown in boldface. Toynbee's "Universal Churches" are written in italic and are chronologically located between second- and third- generation civilizations, as is described in volume VII.

1st Generation 2nd Generation Universal Church 3rd Generation
Minoan Hellenic (Greek and Roman) Christian Western; Orthodox-Russian; Orthodox-Byzantine
Shang Sinic (see also Han Dynasty) Mahayana (Buddhism) Chinese; Japanese-Korean ("Far Eastern")
Indus Indic Hinduism Hindu
Syriac Society Iranic; Arabic Islam Islamic
Egyptiac - -
Sumeric Hittite; Babylonian - -
Andean; Mayan; Yucatec; Mexic - -

 


World Values Survey [7]

 


 
 





 

 

Hominin species distributed through time edit
Homo (genus)AustralopithecusArdipithecusParanthropusParanthropus robustusParanthropus boiseiParanthropus aethiopicusHomo sapiensHomo neanderthalensisHomo heidelbergensisHomo erectusHomo ergasterHomo habilisAustralopithecus sedibaAustralopithecus garhiAustralopithecus africanusAustralopithecus bahrelghazaliAustralopithecus afarensisAustralopithecus anamensisOrrorin tugenensisSahelanthropus tchadensisPleistocenePlioceneMiocene

Note: 1e+06 years = 1 × 106 years = 1 million years ago = 1 Ma

History

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Standard time zones of the world as of June 2008.
File:PPTParadigmShiftsFrr15Events.jpg
When plotted on a logarithmic graph, 15 separate lists of paradigm shifts for key events in human history show an exponential trend. Lists prepared by, among others, Carl Sagan, Paul D. Boyer, Encyclopædia Britannica, American Museum of Natural History and University of Arizona, compiled by Ray Kurzweil.

Timeline of human evolution

 

 

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