The styloglossus muscle is a bilaterally paired muscle of the tongue. It originates at the styloid process of the temporal bone. It inserts onto the side of the tongue. It acts to elevate and retract the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII).[1]

Styloglossus
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side. (Styloglossus XII visible at center top.)
Coronal section of tongue, showing intrinsic muscles. (Styloglossus labeled at center left.)
Details
OriginStyloid process of temporal bone
InsertionTip and sides of tongue
ArterySublingual branch of the lingual artery
NerveHypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
ActionsRetraction and elevation of tongue
Identifiers
Latinmusculus styloglossus
TA98A05.1.04.105
TA22121
FMA46692
Anatomical terms of muscle

Anatomy

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The styloglossus muscle is the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles.[citation needed]

Origin

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It arises from (the anterior and lateral surfaces of) the styloid process of the temporal bone near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament.[citation needed]

Course and relations

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It passes anterioinferiorly from its origin to its insertion between the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery,[citation needed] and between the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle.[1]

Insertion

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It divides upon the side of the tongue near the dorsal surface of the tongue, blending with the fibers of the longitudinalis inferior muscle anterior to the hyoglossus muscle.[citation needed]

Innervation

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The styloglossus is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) (like all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus which is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve (CN X)).[citation needed]

Function

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The styloglossus draws up the sides of the tongue to create a trough for swallowing. Acting bilaterally (both styloglossus muscles contracting simultaneously) they also aid in retracting the tongue.[citation needed]

Additional images

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References

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  1. ^ a b Morton, David A. (2019). The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy. K. Bo Foreman, Kurt H. Albertine (2nd ed.). New York. p. 252. ISBN 978-1-259-86264-9. OCLC 1044772257.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

  This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1130 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

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