A mountain river is a river that runs usually in mountains, in narrow, deep valley with steep banks, rocky stream bed, and accumulated rock debris.
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Mountain rivers are characterized by high slope and flow velocity, insignificant depth, frequent rapids and waterfalls, as well as dominated washed out processes. The gradient of a mountain river is calculated at 60–80 m/km in upper stream and 5–10 m/km in lower. More precisely it is greater than or equal to 0.002 m/m along most of its stream length. Speed of stream is measured at 1 to 4.5 m/s and higher.
Mountain rivers have significant hydro energy producing potential and in arid conditions often used for irrigation.
See also edit
Bibliography edit
- Marynych, O. Geographical Encyclopedia of Ukraine. "Bazhan Ukrainian Encyclopedia". Kiev 1989.
- Wohl, E. Mountain rivers revisited. "AGU". Washington, D.C. 2010. ISBN 978-0-87590-323-1