The Mountain Division (later the Mountain Subdivision) is a railroad line that was once owned and operated by the Maine Central Railroad (MEC). It stretches from Portland, Maine on the Atlantic Ocean, through the Western Maine Mountains and White Mountains of New Hampshire, ending at St. Johnsbury, Vermont in the Northeast Kingdom. The line was abandoned in 1983 by MEC's successor, Guilford Transportation Industries (GTI). Guilford retained a stub between Portland and Westbrook. A section in New Hampshire remains in use by heritage railway Conway Scenic Railroad.

Mountain Division
(Maine Central Railroad)
Map
Frankenstein Trestle in the White Mountains
Overview
LocalePortland, Maine to St. Johnsbury, Vermont
Technical
Track gauge4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Map

St Johnsbury (Canadian Pacific)
Passumpsic River
Moose River
Moose River
Griswold
Concord
North Concord
Miles Stream
Miles Pond
Miles Stream
Miles Stream
East Concord
Gilman
Lunenburg
Connecticut River
Johns River
Johns River
Scott's Junction
Johns River
Whitefield (Boston & Maine Corporation)
Hazen's Junction
Quebec Junction (Maine Central Railroad)
Twin Mountain
Fabyan's
Ammonoosuc River
Bretton Woods
Crawford Notch
Saco Lake
Saco River
Section House
Willey Brook
Willey House
Avalanche Brook
Frankenstein trestle
Bemis Brook
Notchland
Nancy Brook
Sawyer River Railroad
Sawyer River
Saco River
Saco River
Bartlett
Saco River
Ellis River
Glen & Jackson
East Branch Saco River
Intervale (Boston & Maine Corporation)
North Conway
Redstone
Saco River
Conway Center
Maine/NH state line
Fryeburg
Brownfield
Hiram
Saco River
Bridgton Junction
West Baldwin
Cornish
Mattocks
Steep Falls
Richville
Sticky River
Sebago Lake
White Rock
Presumpscot River
Newhall
South Windham
S. D. Warren Paper Mill
Presumpscot River
Cumberland Mills (Portland Terminal Company)
Portland (Portland Terminal Company)

History

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Built as the Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad before acquisition by the Maine Central Railroad (MEC), the line initially provided transportation for summer visitors to grand Victorian hotels, including the Bay of Naples Inn in Naples (reached by connection with Sebago Lake steamboats), the Crawford House in Crawford Notch and the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods. Cool, clean air at Sebago Lake and the White Mountains provided a refreshing escape from the heat, humidity and smoke of 19th-century cities. Autumn foliage and winter skiing extended the tourist season. The Flying Yankee train-set operated as the Mountaineer from Boston to Crawford Notch via Intervale Junction during World War II,[1] but passenger service had been reduced to a single daily round-trip between Portland and St. Johnsbury by the 1930s. The train between Portland and St. Johnsbury usually consisted of a RPO-express car, a baggage car and a single coach after the 1920s; and substitution of a stainless steel combination for the coach and baggage car reduced the train to two cars for the last several years before the end of passenger service in 1958.[2]

 
Crossing the Willey Brook Bridge towards Crawford Notch in 1906

The Mountain Division was the shortest route from Portland to points west of Chicago. It saw relatively heavy through freight traffic from termination of the joint operating agreement with the Boston & Maine Railroad (B&M) in 1953 until abandonment in 1983, when GTI favored a B&M routing. The westbound grade was 2.2% for 18.5 miles (29.8 km) from Bemis (Notchland) to the summit at Crawford Notch.[3] MEC operated 2-6-6-2 Mallet locomotives #1201-1204 on the Mountain Division from 1911 through the 1920s. The Mallets had been built for the B&M's Hoosac Tunnel in 1910 and were sold to MEC when Hoosac Tunnel was electrified the following year. The Mallets were built to burn oil, but were converted to burn coal after local fire departments had difficulty extinguishing oil fires.[4] Two large firemen were required to hand-fire the coal-burning Mallets westbound.[5] One Mallet was stationed in Portland, another at Lancaster on the Beecher Falls Branch, and a third at the Bartlett helper wye, while the fourth Mallet was undergoing maintenance.

USRA Light Mikados (Maine Central class S) handled freight trains on the Mountain Division after the last Mallet was retired in 1931, and class O 4-6-0s handled local trains and (often in tandem) provided helper service. EMD F3s and GP7s replaced steam locomotives in 1953.[6] Four or five diesel locomotives were typical head-end power for diesel-era freight trains; and a pair of EMD SW7s or non-dynamic-braked GP7s often provided helper service westbound. First-generation diesels were replaced by similar numbers of EMD GP38s, ten GE U18Bs and two ALCO RS-11s. Helpers were less common with these second-generation diesels.

Legacy

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Heritage operator Conway Scenic Railroad operates summer and fall excursion trains on the portion of the Mountain Division between North Conway through Crawford Notch to Fabyan.

The segment from Westbrook, Maine to the Maine–New Hampshire border at Fryeburg, Maine, owned by the Maine Department of Transportation (MaineDOT), remains derelict after a 2011 plan by MaineDOT to rebuild the line for freight and passenger service fell-through. In late July, 2023, MaineDOT filed an STB application to tear-up this entire, long-unused line segment. [7]

MEC's parent company, Pan Am Railways, retained ownership of the section of the line to Westbrook, which it operates as the "Mountain Branch." What remains of the Mountain Branch is now owned by CSX Corporation

Route mileposts

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Sebago Lake Station in 1907, Standish
 
Steamboat landing at Sebago Lake Station in 1907 (note transfer of freight from boxcar to left of steamboat)
 
The Bay of Naples Inn in 1913, Naples
 
The Fabyan House in 1908, Bretton Woods
 
The Mount Washington Hotel c. 1910, Bretton Woods

Beecher Falls Branch

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The Dominion Lime Company built a railroad in 1887 from the Quebec Central Railway at Dudswell Junction to Lime Ridge, Quebec. In 1888, the Upper Coos Railroad built a railroad north to the Quebec border from the Grand Trunk Railway at North Stratford, New Hampshire. In 1889, William Bullock Ives' Hereford Railway purchased the Dominion Lime Company railroad and extended it south to connect with the Upper Coos Railroad. MEC leased the Upper Coos Railroad and the Hereford Railway in 1890 and built a connecting Coos Valley Railroad in 1891 from North Stratford to the Mountain Division at Quebec Junction. This line was operated as the MEC Quebec Division until Maine Central terminated lease of the Hereford Railway in 1925. Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) later operated over some of the line through Quebec. The Upper Coos Railroad and Coos Valley Railroad were purchased by MEC in 1931 and operated as the Beecher Falls branch of the Mountain Division. The former Coos Valley Railroad was dismantled in 1948 when MEC negotiated trackage rights over the B&M to Groveton, New Hampshire and over the former Grand Trunk Berlin Subdivision from Groveton to North Stratford.[8] The remaining line north of North Stratford operated as the North Stratford Railroad after 1976.

Route

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Notes

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Entering the Gateway of Crawford Notch, June 2019
  1. ^ Johnson P.139
  2. ^ Johnson P.149
  3. ^ Johnson P.13&54
  4. ^ Johnson P.67
  5. ^ Johnson P.70
  6. ^ Johnson P.223
  7. ^ RAILPACE Magazine, August, 2023
  8. ^ Peters, Bradley L. (1976). Maine Central Railroad Company. Maine Central Railroad. pp. 14–15.

References

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  • Johnson, Ron (1985). Maine Central R.R. Mountain Division. 470 Railroad Club. ASIN B0010QB8GI.
  • Lewis, Edward A. (1974). Vermont's Covered Bridge Road. The Baggage Car.
  • Maine Central Railroad (1917). Hand-Book of Officers, Agents, Stations, and Sidings. Edwin B. Robertson.
  • The Secretary of Transportation (1974). Rail Service to the Midwest and Northeast Region. U.S.Government Printing Office.