The former colonial power, the Netherlands, left an extensive vocabulary. These Dutch loanwords, and loanwords from other European languages which came via Dutch, cover all aspects of life. Some Dutch loanwords, having clusters of several consonants, pose difficulties to speakers of Indonesian. This problem is usually solved by insertion of the schwa. For example, Dutch schroef [ˈsxruf] → sekrup [səˈkrup]. Many Indonesian vocabulary ending "-i" (e.g.:administras-i) also are known from the Dutch vocabulary influence "-ie" (e.g.:administrat-ie). All the months from January (Januari) to December (Desember) used in Indonesian are also derived from Dutch. It is estimated that 10,000 words in the Indonesian language can be traced to the Dutch language.[1]
Rule edit
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Examples edit
A edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
abolisi | abolition | abolitie | abolition | ||
abonemen | subscription | abonnement | subscription | ||
accoord | agreement, accord | akkoord | agreement, accord | 1. clipped as acc. 2. Loan word borrowed from French from Vulgar Latin *accordō, accordāre (“to be heart to heart with”), formed from Latin ad + cor (“heart”). |
|
adempauze | breather | adempauze | breather | ||
administrasi | administration | administratie | administration | ||
advokat | lawyer | advocaat | lawyer | ||
afdeling | division, section | afdeling | division, section | ||
afdeeling | pre-1934 spelling, obsolete | ||||
afspraak | verbal promise | afspraak | arrangement, agreement, understanding | ||
afdruk | afdrukken | ||||
Agustus | August | Augustus | August | ||
aktual | current, present | actueel | current, present | ||
aliansi | alliance | alliantie | alliance | ||
ambah | handicraft (archaic) | ambacht | 1. handicraft. 2. (historical) legal district |
||
amnesti | amnesty, state-granted pardon | amnestie | amnesty, state-granted pardon | ||
amprah | demand, request | aanvraag | application | ||
andil | 1. contribution, part. 2. (finance) a share, stock |
aandeel | 1. contribution, part. 2. (finance) a share, stock |
||
jangkar, | anchor | anker | anchor | ||
antik | antique | antiek | antique | ||
antre, antri | queue | aantreden | to accept, to join | ||
antusias | enthusiastic | enthousiast | enthusiastic | ||
apatis | apathetic | apathisch | apathetic | ||
apartemen | apartment | appartement | apartment | ||
apartheid | apartheid | apartheid | 1. separateness, separating characteristics. 2. apartheid |
From Afrikaans, a Dutch-related language, apartheid ("apartheid"). | |
aplaus | applause | applaus | applause | ||
apotek, apotik | pharmacy | apotheek | pharmacy | ||
apoteker | pharmacist | apotheker | pharmacist | ||
April | April | April | April | ||
arbéi | strawberry | aardbei | strawberry | ||
arde | ground (electricity) | aarde | earth, soil, ground | ||
areal | area | areaal | area | ||
arloji | watch | horloge | watch | ||
artikel | article | artikel | article | ||
arsir | shading | arceren | to highlight, to hatch | ||
as | axis, axle | as | axis, axle | ||
asbak | ashtray | asbak | ashtray | From as ("ash") + bak ("container"). | |
asosial | antisocial | asociaal | antisocial | ||
atret | backwards | achteruit | backwards | From achter ("behind") + uit ("out"). | |
avonturir | adventurer | avonturier | adventurer |
B edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
bak | container | bak | container | ||
ban | tyre, belt | band | tyre, belt | ||
barikade | barricade | barricades | barricade | ||
baskom | washbasin | waskom | washbasin | From was ("wash") + kom ("bowel", "basin"). | |
baterai, batere, baterei | battery | batterij | battery | ||
baut | bolt | bout | bolt | ||
bêdindê | servant | bediende | servant (sing.) | ||
begroting | budget | begroting | budget | ||
belek, blek | can, tin | blik | can, tin | ||
behel | dental braces | beugel | 1. dental braces. 2. hinged clamp |
||
beken | famous, notorious | bekend | 1. (well-)known. 2. familiar, trusted. |
||
bekleding | upholstering | bekleding | upholstering | ||
belasting | tax, excise, duty | belasting | 1. strain, burden, load. 2. tax, levy by public authorities. |
||
beleid | policy | beleid | 1. policy. 2. care. |
||
béngkél | workshop (industrial) | winkel | shop | From Middle Dutch winkel (“corner”). | |
berurte | fit, stroke or seizure | beroerte | fit, stroke or seizure | ||
beslit | letter of appointment | besluit | decision, determination | ||
bêstèl | delivery place | bestellen | 1. to order, demand delivery. 2. to deliver |
||
bestir | management board | bestuur | 1. management. 2. governing board. 3. reign |
||
bêsèt | excoriation | bezetten | to occupy, to fill | ||
besuk | to visit sick persons | bezoeken | to visit | ||
BH, beha | brassiere | bustehouder | brassiere | ||
binnen | 1. in (preposition, adverb). 2. set for life |
binnen | 1. in (preposition, adverb). 2. set for life |
||
bioskop | cinema | bioscoop | cinema | ||
bistik | beefsteak | biefstuk | beefsteak | ||
bus, bis | bus | bus | bus | ||
bon | receipt | bon | receipt, ticket (e.g. for speeding), voucher | ||
boomzaken | harbour administration | boomzaken | harbour administration | ||
boorwater | boric acid solution | boorwater | boric acid solution | ||
brankas, brangkas | safe | brandkast | safe | ||
branwir | firefighter squad | brandweer | fire department | ||
bruder | friar (notably Catholic) | broeder | friar (notably Catholic) | 1. cognate with brother in English. 2. the meaning as brother is dated and translated as broer in Dutch. |
|
buku | book | boek | book | In Indonesian, buku is used for book (for specific for secular books). For religious and poetic book, Indonesian uses kitab (an Arabic loanword) and pustaka (a Sanskrit loanword) respectively. | |
buncis | green beans | boontjes | beans (plural diminutive) |
C edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cako | headgear | ||||
cokelat | chocolate | chocolade | chocolate | ||
cultuurstelsel | cultivation system | cultuurstelsel | cultivation system | The Cultivation System was a Dutch government policy in the mid-19th century for its Dutch East Indies colony (now Indonesia). | |
curatele | guardianship | curatele | guardianship |
D edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
dah/dah-dah/dadah | good-bye | dag | (good) day | ||
dak | roof | dak | |||
dasi | necktie | das(je) | |||
debat | debate | debat | |||
departemèn | department | departement | |||
Désèmber | December | december | |||
dinas | administration | dienst | |||
diskusi | discussion | discussie | |||
dokter | medical doctor | dokter | |||
dosis | dose | dosis | |||
dus | box | doos | |||
duit | money | duit | a copper Dutch coin |
E edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
edisi | edition | editie | |||
egois | selfish | egoïst | egoist | ||
émbér | bucket | emmer | |||
éngsél | hinges | hengsel | |||
epidemi | epidemic | epidemie | |||
epidemiologi | epidemiology | epidemiologie | |||
Eropa | Europe | Europa |
F edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
faktur | invoice | factuur | |||
fantastis | fantastic | fantastisch | |||
Februari | February | februari | |||
fisika | physics | fysica | |||
frambus | raspberry | framboos |
G edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
gaji | wages | gage | collateral | [2] | |
gang | alley | gang | alley | [2] | |
gardu | to guard, watch post | garde | guard of honor | [2] | |
gerilya | guerrilla | guerrilla | guerrilla | [2] | |
gletser | glacier | gletsjer | glacier | ||
gorden | curtain | gordijn | curtain | ||
granat | grenade | granaat | gun shell | ||
gubernur | governor | gouverneur | governor | ||
gratis | free | gratis | free |
H edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
halo | hello | hallo | |||
handuk | towel | handdoek | |||
hanger | hanger | hanger | |||
halte bus | bus stop | bushalte | |||
helm | helmet | helm | |||
hipotek | mortgage | hypotheek |
I edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ide | idea | idee | |||
identik | identical | identiek | |||
ilusi | ilussion | illusie | |||
imun | immune | immuun | |||
indehoi | fun intimacy / extramarital sex | in het hooi:[3] | in the hay | ||
Indo | Eurasian, mestizo | abbreviation of Indo-European | |||
infanteri | infantry | infanterie | |||
insinyur | engineer | ingenieur | |||
institut | institute | instituut | |||
intim | intimate | intiem |
J edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Januari | January | januari | |||
jas | coat | jas | |||
Juli | July | juli | |||
Juni | June | juni | |||
jus | juice | jus | gravy |
K edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
kabel | cable | kabel | |||
kaisar | emperor | keizer | |||
kakus | toilet | verb: kakken/noun: kakhuis | |||
kalem | calm | kalm | |||
kalkun | turkey | kalkoen | |||
kamar | room | kamer | |||
Kamboja | Cambodia | Cambodja | |||
kampanye | campaign | campagne | |||
kanker | cancer | kanker | |||
kantor | office | kantoor | |||
kantor pos | post office | postkantoor | |||
karakter | character | karakter | |||
karcis | ticket | kaartjes | plural for diminutive of kaart, card or ticket | ||
karnaval | carnival | carnaval | |||
kartu | card | kaart | |||
kastanye | chestnut | kastanje | |||
katun | cotton | katoen | |||
kavaleri | cavalry | cavalerie | |||
kaveling | a tract of land | kaveling | |||
kelavir | piano | klavier | |||
kelar | ready, finished | klaar | |||
kelas | class | klas | |||
keran | faucet, tap | kraan | |||
knalpot (or kenalpot) | muffler (on a motor vehicle) | knalpot | |||
kol | cabbages | kool | |||
kolega | colleague | collega | |||
komandan | commander | commandant | |||
komentar | comment | commentaar | |||
komersil | commercial | commercieel | |||
komisaris | commissioner | commissaris | |||
kondisi | condition | conditie | |||
kongres | congress | congres | |||
kopi | coffee | koffie | |||
kopling | clutch | koppeling | |||
kopêr | suitcase | koffer | |||
kor/koor | choir | koor | |||
koran | newspaper | krant | |||
korsleting/konslet | short circuit | kortsluiting | |||
korting/diskon | discount | korting/disconteren | |||
korup | corrupt | corrupt | |||
korupsi | corruption | corruptie | |||
kos/indekos | room rental | kost[3] | cost; board | ||
kuitansi | receipt | kwitantie | |||
kulkas | ice box or refrigerator | koelkast | |||
kursus | course | cursus | |||
kusén | window frame | kozijn | |||
kusir | coachman | koetsier |
L edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
labil | unstable | labiel | |||
laci | deskdrawer | laatje | diminutive form of la(de) | ||
lampu | lamp | lamp | |||
langsam | slow | langzaam | |||
langsir | shunting, switching | rangeren | |||
lavendel | lavender | lavendel | |||
lem | glue | lijm | |||
limun | lemonade | limoen | |||
lisensi | license | licentie | |||
listrik | electric | elektrisch | |||
loket | pay box | loket |
M edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
makelar | broker | makelaar | |||
mantel | coat | mantel | |||
Maret | March | maart | |||
maskapai | airline | maatschappij | company | ||
masker | face mask | gezichtsmasker | |||
massa | mass (bulk, load) | massa | |||
matras | bed | matras | |||
mebel | furniture | meubel | |||
media massa | mass media | massamedia | |||
Mei | May | mei | |||
meises | sprinkles | muisjes | |||
merek | brand | merk | |||
mesin | machine, engine | machine | |||
migrasi | migration | migratie | |||
miliar | billion | miljard | |||
minder | not confident | minder | |||
misi | mission | missie | |||
mobil | car, automobile | automobiel | |||
montir | mechanic | monteur | |||
motor | motorcycle | motorfiets | |||
mur | nut (hardware) | moer | nut (hardware) |
N edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nanas | pineapple | ananas | Portuguese: Ananas, origin South America | ||
nomor | number | nummer | |||
nol | zero/nil | nul | |||
November | November | november |
O edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oktober | October | oktober | |||
om | uncle | oom | |||
oma | grandma | oma | |||
omzet/omset | revenue | omzet | |||
onderdil | components/spare parts | onderdeel | |||
ongkos | cost & expenses | onkosten | |||
opa | granddad | opa | |||
oranye | orange (colour) | oranje | |||
orgel | pipe organ | orgel | |||
otomatis | automatic | automatisch |
P edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
pabrik | factory | fabriek | |||
pandemi | pandemic | pandemie | |||
panêkuk | pancake | pannenkoek | |||
parkir | parking | parkeer | |||
parlemen | parliament | parlement | |||
paroki | parish | parochie | |||
pas | fit | past | from the third person singular of "passen" | ||
pastor | pastor | pastoor | |||
paus | pope | paus | |||
paviliun | pavilion | paviljoen | |||
pelopor | frontrunner | voorloper | |||
pénsil | pencil | penseel | brush | ||
pensiun | retirement | pensioen | |||
perboden | prohibit (mainly used in street signs in Indonesian) | verboden | |||
permak | alter, transform | vermaken | synonym of vermak | ||
permisi | excuse me; permission | permissie | permission | ||
peron | platform (railway) | perron | |||
pers | press | pers | |||
persik | peach | perzik | |||
persis | precise, exactly the same, look alike | precies | |||
persneling | gear | versnelling | |||
plafon | ceiling | plafond | The Dutch word is from French | ||
polisi | police | politie | |||
pos | post | post | |||
potlot | pencil | potlood | |||
potret | portrait | portret | |||
prahoto (obsolete) | truck | vrachtauto | |||
preman | gangster | vrijman | freeman; outlaw | ||
prestasi | performance | prestatie | |||
prinsip | principle | principe | |||
proyek | project | project | |||
puisi | poetry | poëzie |
R edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
redaksi | editorial office | redactie | |||
referensi | reference | referentie | |||
rekening | account | rekening | |||
reklame | advertisement | reclame | |||
rem | brake | rem | |||
rentenir | loan shark | renteneer | |||
resep | recipe | recept | |||
resleting | zipper | ritssluiting | |||
risiko | risk | risico | |||
rok | skirt | rok | |||
rokok | cigarette; smoke | roken | to smoke |
S edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
sakelar | switch | schakelaar | switch | ||
saldo | balance | saldo | balance | ||
sampanye | champagne | champagne | champagne | ||
satelit | satellite | satelliet | satellite | ||
saus | sauce | saus | sauce | ||
segel | seal | zegel | seal | ||
sekop | shovel | schop | shovel | ||
sekrup | screw | schroef | screw | ||
seks | sex | seks | sex | ||
seksi | section | sectie | section | ||
selang | water hose | slang | hose | ||
sempak | swim briefs | zwempak | swimsuit | ||
senewen | jumpy | zenuwachtig | nervous | ||
September | September | september | September | ||
sepur | train | spoor | track | ||
serius | serious | serieus | serious | ||
sertifikat | certificate | certificaat | certificate | ||
setrap | sanction | straf | penalty | ||
setrika | clothes iron | strijkijzer | clothes iron | ||
setrum | current (electricity) | stroom | current (electricity) | ||
sinkron | sync | synchroon | in sync | ||
sinkronisasi | synchronization | synchronisatie | synchronization | ||
sinterklas | Santa Claus | sinterklaas | Saint Nicholas | ||
sipir | warden | cipier | warden | ||
sirkulasi | circulation | circulatie | circulation | ||
sirsak | soursop | zuurzak | soursop | ||
skakmat | checkmate | schaakmat | checkmate | ||
solusi | solution | solutie | (chemistry) solution | ||
sosis | sausage | saucijs | sausage | ||
spanduk | commercial or information banner | spandoek | banner | ||
standar | standard | standaard | standard | ||
stasiun | train station | station | station | ||
stopkontak | power socket | stopcontact | power socket | ||
struktur | structure | structuur | structure | ||
sun | kiss | zoen | kiss | ||
suster | nun, nurse, sister | zuster | nun, nurse, sister |
T edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
tang | pliers | tang | |||
tas | bag | tas | |||
tangki | tank | tankje | The Dutch word is a diminutive of tank | ||
tégel | floor tile | tegel | |||
teh | tea | thee | |||
teken | sign (on signature) | teken | |||
teknologi | technology | technologie | |||
telat | late | te laat | too late | ||
telefon | telephone | telefoon | |||
televisi | television | televisie | |||
tema | theme | thema | |||
terompet | trumpet | trompet | |||
teori | theory | theorie | |||
tinta | ink | tint | |||
tomat | tomato | tomaat | Portuguese: tomate, origin Central America | ||
topik | topic | topic | |||
toren | tower (usually for water tower in Indonesian) | toren | |||
traktir | treat | trakteer | |||
tuslah | additional cost or surcharge | toeslag | allowance | ||
tustel | camera tools | toestel | device, appliances |
V edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
variabel | variable | variabel | |||
vas | vase | vaas | |||
velg | rim | velg | |||
versi | version | versie | |||
vermak | alter (clothes) | vermaken (kleding) | synonym of permak | ||
visi | vision | visie | |||
voorijder | outrider | voorrijder | |||
vulkan | volcano | vulkaan | |||
verboden | forbidden | verboden |
W edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
wastafel | sink | wastafel | |||
WC | lavatory | WC | |||
wol | wool | wol | |||
wortel | carrot | wortel |
Y edit
Indonesian Word |
Indonesian Meaning |
Dutch Word |
Dutch Meaning |
Note | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
yodium | iodine | jodium | |||
yuridis | juridical | juridisch | |||
yustisi | judiciary | justitie |
References edit
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2018-06-29.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c d "Cambridge". Cambridge dictionary. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ a b KOST (UITGAVE, LEVENSONDERHOUD)
External links edit
- Indonesian Etymology Database Archived 2017-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
- SEAlang Library Orthography search engine on Loan-Words in Indonesian and Malay