Horace Farquhar, 1st Earl Farquhar

Horace Brand Farquhar, 1st Earl Farquhar, GCB, GCVO, PC, DL (19 May 1844 – 30 August 1923) was a British financier, courtier and Conservative politician.

The Earl Farquhar
In The Sketch, 4 March 1896
Lord Steward of the Household
In office
9 June 1915 – 19 October 1922
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterH. H. Asquith
David Lloyd George
Preceded byThe Earl of Chesterfield
Succeeded byThe Earl of Shaftesbury
Personal details
Born19 May 1844
Goldings, near Hertford, Hertfordshire
Died30 August 1923(1923-08-30) (aged 79)
Grosvenor Square, Mayfair, London
NationalityBritish
Political partyConservative
SpouseEmily Packe (d. 1922)

Background

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Townsend-Farquhar was born at Goldings near Hertford, the fifth of six sons of Sir Minto Townsend-Farquhar, 2nd Baronet, by his wife Erica Mackay, the only (but illegitimate) daughter of Eric Mackay, 7th Lord Reay. He later adopted the surname of Farquhar only. From 14 August 1877, when Sir Robert Townsend-Farquhar, 6th Baronet, his elder brother, succeeded as sixth baronet, to his death he was heir presumptive to the baronetcy.

Business career and marriage

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The Farquhar family, though distinguished, were not rich, and Farquhar began his career as a clerk in a government office. However, he soon joined Forbes, Forbes and Co., a company involved in the trade with India, of which he rose to become manager. The Forbeses were family friends of the Farquhars, and introduced Farquhar to the circle of the Prince of Wales. Farquhar later left Forbes's to become a partner and large shareholder in Sir Samuel Scott, Bart. and Co., a private bank. At this time he was a friend of Lord Macduff, who succeeded as sixth Earl Fife in 1879, and when that nobleman sold much of his Scottish estates he invested the proceeds in Scott's bank. It was through Fife's influence that Farquhar became a member of the board of the British South Africa Company, despite the presence of a huge conflict of interests as Farquhar was also chairman and a substantial shareholder in the Exploration Company, supported by the Rothschilds which was seeking mining rights in land controlled by the BSAC. Farquhar, along with several others connected with the BSAC, was later obliged to resign after the Jameson Raid. By this time he had made for himself a considerable name in the City; he oversaw the merger of Scott's with Parrs Banking Company and joined the board of Parrs in 1894. On 5 January 1895 he married Emilie, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Packe, Grenadier Guards, of Hurleston in Northamptonshire and Twyford Hall in Norfolk, and widow since 1883 of Sir Edward Henry Scott, 5th Baronet, of the banking family. This marriage brought him a fortune and a London home in Grosvenor Square.[1] They had no children; Lady Farquhar died on 6 April 1922.

Political career

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"Horace". Lord Farquhar as caricatured by Spy (Leslie Ward) in Vanity Fair, June 1898

In 1889, on the formation of the London County Council, Farquhar was elected to represent Marylebone on behalf of the Municipal Reform Party. He represented East Marylebone from 1899 until 1901, and West Marylebone from March to July 1901. On 25 October 1892 he was created a baronet, of Cavendish Square in the Parish of St Marylebone in the County of London,[2] though he had hoped for a peerage. He also served as president of the London Municipal Society from 1894 until 1901. In the general election of 1895 he was elected as a Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament for Marylebone West,[3] and sat until he was raised to the peerage as Baron Farquhar, of St Marylebone in the County of London, on 20 January 1898.[4] His stepson Sir Samuel Scott was elected in his place. On 22 January 1901 Queen Victoria died, and was succeeded by Farquhar's friend, now Edward VII. Farquhar was appointed Master of the Household to the new monarch, a post he held until 1907. He then served as an extra Lord in Waiting to the King until the latter's death in 1910, and in the same capacity to his successor George V, until he was made Lord Steward of the Household in the coalition government of 1915. He remained in this post until the Conservatives brought an end to the coalition in 1922, being created Viscount Farquhar, of Saint Marylebone in the County of London, on 21 June 1917[5] and Earl Farquhar on 30 November 1922 in the Dissolution Honours List.[6]

In addition to his baronetcy and peerages, Lord Farquhar was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order on 28 May 1901,[7] a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order on 9 November 1902,[8] a Privy Counsellor on 2 November 1907,[9] and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1922, as well as being a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour. He was a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for Middlesex, and a member of the Marlborough and Turf Clubs.

In early 1923 he was sacked as Treasurer of the Conservative and Unionist Party by the leader Bonar Law. Farquhar had refused to pay some of the election expenses for the 1922 election, claiming that the money had been donated to the late coalition rather than to the Party. It seemed that he had given large sums of the money to the coalition leader David Lloyd George, whose trading in honours had prompted the Conservative rebellion.

Death and character

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Lord Farquhar died at his London home, 7 Grosvenor Square, on 30 August 1923, and was buried at Bromley Hill cemetery in Kent on 11 September following. He had no children, and all his titles became extinct. In his will he left many large legacies to his friends, including members of the Royal Family, but although his estate was assessed for probate at £400,000 the entire sum was taken up by debts, leaving nothing and revealing that Farquhar had been an undisclosed bankrupt.

Lord Farquhar's success in business as well as society has been attributed not only to his shrewdness with making money, but also to his ability to use his "physical charms" to get ahead. He was very generous with his hospitality at his London house and at Castle Rising, his country place in Norfolk, but nevertheless, and perhaps because of the wealth and honours he accumulated, he remained an unpopular figure.

Burke's Peerage describes him as "a cavalier financier and conduit for subscriptions to party political funds (both Conservative and Lloyd George Liberal) by aspirates to titles; as the full extent of his irregular business dealings became apparent after his death he was considered lucky to have escaped prosecution for fraud while alive."[citation needed]

References

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  1. ^ "Grosvenor Square: Individual Houses built before 1926 Pages 117-166 Survey of London: Volume 40, the Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair, Part 2 (The Buildings)". British History Online. LCC 1980. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  2. ^ "No. 26338". The London Gazette. 28 October 1892. p. 6011.
  3. ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "M" (part 1)
  4. ^ "No. 26930". The London Gazette. 18 January 1898. p. 299.
  5. ^ "No. 30150". The London Gazette. 26 June 1917. p. 6286.
  6. ^ "No. 32776". The London Gazette. 12 December 1922. p. 8793.
  7. ^ "No. 27318". The London Gazette. 28 May 1901. p. 3633.
  8. ^ "No. 27493". The London Gazette. 7 November 1902. p. 7161.
  9. ^ "No. 28075". The London Gazette. 5 November 1907. p. 7388.

Sources

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Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Marylebone West
18951898
Succeeded by
Court offices
Preceded by Master of the Household
1901–1907
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Lord Steward of the Household
1915–1922
Succeeded by
Party political offices
New post Treasurer of the Conservative and Unionist Party
1911–1923
Succeeded by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Earl Farquhar
1922–1923
Extinct
Viscount Farquhar
1917–1923
Baron Farquhar
1898–1923
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baronet
(of White Lodge)
1892–1923
Extinct