1904 United States presidential election in Georgia

The 1904 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 8, 1904, as part of the wider United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

1904 United States presidential election in Georgia

← 1900 November 8, 1904 (1904-11-08) 1908 →
 
Nominee Alton Parker Theodore Roosevelt Thomas E. Watson
Party Democratic Republican Populist
Home state New York New York Georgia
Running mate Henry G. Davis Charles W. Fairbanks Thomas Tibbles
Electoral vote 13 0 0
Popular vote 83,466 24,004 22,635
Percentage 63.72% 18.33% 17.28%

County Results

President before election

Theodore Roosevelt
Republican

Elected President

Theodore Roosevelt
Republican

Following Reconstruction, Georgia would be the first former Confederate state to substantially disenfranchise its newly enfranchised freedmen, doing so in the early 1870s.[1] This largely limited the Republican Party to a few North Georgia counties with substantial Civil War Unionist sentiment – chiefly Fannin but also to a lesser extent Pickens, Gilmer and Towns.[2] The Democratic Party served as the guardian of white supremacy against a Republican Party historically associated with memories of Reconstruction, and the main competition became Democratic primaries, which state laws restricted to whites on the grounds of the Democratic Party being legally a private club.[3]

However, politics after the first demobilization by a cumulative poll tax was chaotic. Third-party movements, chiefly the Populist Party, gained support amongst poor whites and the remaining black voters in opposition to the planter elite.[4] The fact that Georgia had already substantially reduced its poor white and black electorate two decades ago, alongside pressure from urban elites in Atlanta,[4] and the decline of isolationism due to the success of the Spanish–American War,[5] meant the Populist movement substantially faded in the late 1890s.[6] However, Populism would revive in 1904 when it became clear a conservative would be nominated by the Democratic Party,[7] whilst Watson did not find it difficult to get a somewhat demoralized party’s nomination over William V. Allen.

Georgia was won by the Democratic nominees, former Chief Judge of New York Court of Appeals Alton B. Parker and his running mate, former US Senator Henry G. Davis of West Virginia. They defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Theodore Roosevelt of New York and his running mate Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. Parker won the state by a landslide margin of 45.39%.

Populist candidate and Georgia native Thomas E. Watson would campaign in the state in August, but as Georgia had not voted Republican even during Reconstruction neither major party candidate visited the state. Watson would collapse from his campaigning at the end of September,[8] No polls were taken until October 29, by which time the state was naturally viewed as certain for Parker.[9] Parker would eventually win Georgia with over five-eighths of the vote, although he declined by about three percent from William Jennings Bryan’s performance four years previously. Incumbent Republican President Theodore Roosevelt and Watson ran a very close race for second, with the President edging the Populist for this position. Watson's 17.28% of the vote in Georgia was the largest percentage the Populists won in a state during the 1904 presidential election.[10]

Results

edit
1904 United States presidential election in Georgia[11]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Democratic Alton B. Parker 83,466 63.72% 13
Republican Theodore Roosevelt (incumbent) 24,004 18.33% 0
People's Thomas E. Watson 22,635 17.28% 0
Prohibition Silas C. Swallow 685 0.52% 0
Socialist Eugene V. Debs 196 0.15% 0

Results by county

edit
County Alton Brooks Parker[12]
Democratic
Theodore Roosevelt[12]
Republican
Thomas Edward Watson[12]
Populist
Various candidates[12]
Other parties
Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # % # %
Appling 554 62.04% 237 26.54% 96 10.75% 6 0.67% 317 35.50% 893
Baker 511 94.45% 8 1.48% 22 4.07% 0 0.00% 489[a] 90.39% 541
Baldwin 494 81.65% 15 2.48% 92 15.21% 4 0.66% 402[a] 66.45% 605
Banks 474 44.30% 199 18.60% 388 36.26% 9 0.84% 86[a] 8.04% 1,070
Bartow 791 59.25% 406 30.41% 126 9.44% 12 0.90% 385 28.84% 1,335
Berrien 889 81.34% 68 6.22% 122 11.16% 14 1.28% 767[a] 70.17% 1,093
Bibb 2,117 88.47% 236 9.86% 21 0.88% 19 0.79% 1,881 78.60% 2,393
Brooks 429 69.98% 102 16.64% 81 13.21% 1 0.16% 327 53.34% 613
Bryan 259 56.80% 125 27.41% 71 15.57% 1 0.22% 134 29.39% 456
Bulloch 596 71.55% 54 6.48% 171 20.53% 12 1.44% 425[a] 51.02% 833
Burke 657 87.02% 52 6.89% 42 5.56% 4 0.53% 605 80.13% 755
Butts 531 72.64% 80 10.94% 116 15.87% 4 0.55% 415[a] 56.77% 731
Calhoun 345 87.56% 19 4.82% 30 7.61% 0 0.00% 315[a] 79.95% 394
Camden 380 54.76% 312 44.96% 2 0.29% 0 0.00% 68 9.80% 694
Campbell 308 54.32% 40 7.05% 210 37.04% 9 1.59% 98[a] 17.28% 567
Carroll 1,187 54.13% 400 18.24% 585 26.68% 21 0.96% 602[a] 27.45% 2,193
Catoosa 281 61.22% 120 26.14% 44 9.59% 14 3.05% 161 35.08% 459
Charlton 207 86.97% 31 13.03% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 176 73.95% 238
Chatham 2,645 87.52% 363 12.01% 6 0.20% 8 0.26% 2,282 75.51% 3,022
Chattahoochee 107 54.87% 62 31.79% 24 12.31% 2 1.03% 45 23.08% 195
Chattooga 472 49.74% 378 39.83% 80 8.43% 19 2.00% 94 9.91% 949
Cherokee 622 50.78% 246 20.08% 342 27.92% 15 1.22% 280[a] 22.86% 1,225
Clarke 773 76.61% 118 11.69% 114 11.30% 4 0.40% 655 64.92% 1,009
Clay 270 62.36% 47 10.85% 116 26.79% 0 0.00% 154[a] 35.57% 433
Clayton 333 59.25% 59 10.50% 169 30.07% 1 0.18% 164[a] 29.18% 562
Clinch 285 63.19% 141 31.26% 23 5.10% 2 0.44% 144 31.93% 451
Cobb 1,171 68.40% 220 12.85% 316 18.46% 5 0.29% 855[a] 49.94% 1,712
Coffee 571 63.16% 267 29.54% 64 7.08% 2 0.22% 304 33.63% 904
Colquitt 446 59.23% 62 8.23% 236 31.34% 9 1.20% 210[a] 27.89% 753
Columbia 189 56.76% 2 0.60% 138 41.44% 4 1.20% 51[a] 15.32% 333
Coweta 1,070 83.27% 160 12.45% 49 3.81% 6 0.47% 910 70.82% 1,285
Crawford 314 85.09% 4 1.08% 48 13.01% 3 0.81% 266[a] 72.09% 369
Dade 217 73.06% 37 12.46% 40 13.47% 3 1.01% 177[a] 59.60% 297
Dawson 207 37.98% 260 47.71% 67 12.29% 11 2.02% -53 -9.72% 545
De Kalb 759 57.28% 213 16.08% 343 25.89% 10 0.75% 416[a] 31.40% 1,325
Decatur 985 75.42% 182 13.94% 130 9.95% 9 0.69% 803 61.49% 1,306
Dodge 688 85.79% 98 12.22% 16 2.00% 0 0.00% 590 73.57% 802
Dooly 986 81.22% 107 8.81% 118 9.72% 3 0.25% 868[a] 71.50% 1,214
Dougherty 475 91.35% 45 8.65% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 430 82.69% 520
Douglas 230 35.71% 133 20.65% 278 43.17% 3 0.47% -48[a] -7.45% 644
Early 466 66.95% 12 1.72% 214 30.75% 4 0.57% 252[a] 36.21% 696
Echols 159 92.98% 12 7.02% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 147 85.96% 171
Effingham 370 74.00% 47 9.40% 54 10.80% 29 5.80% 316[a] 63.20% 500
Elbert 877 83.13% 6 0.57% 167 15.83% 5 0.47% 710[a] 67.30% 1,055
Emanuel 519 51.74% 94 9.37% 388 38.68% 2 0.20% 131[a] 13.06% 1,003
Fannin 456 44.71% 504 49.41% 48 4.71% 12 1.18% -48 -4.71% 1,020
Fayette 260 54.97% 59 12.47% 147 31.08% 7 1.48% 113[a] 23.89% 473
Floyd 1,692 71.15% 466 19.60% 192 8.07% 28 1.18% 1,226 51.56% 2,378
Forsyth 455 42.72% 357 33.52% 248 23.29% 5 0.47% 98 9.20% 1,065
Franklin 486 42.11% 207 17.94% 453 39.25% 8 0.69% 33[a] 2.86% 1,154
Fulton 5,781 73.66% 1,766 22.50% 240 3.06% 61 0.78% 4,015 51.16% 7,848
Gilmer 550 47.01% 617 52.74% 0 0.00% 3 0.26% -67 -5.73% 1,170
Glascock 117 27.79% 11 2.61% 290 68.88% 3 0.71% -173[a] -41.09% 421
Glynn 501 58.67% 316 37.00% 32 3.75% 5 0.59% 185 21.66% 854
Gordon 525 50.10% 323 30.82% 192 18.32% 8 0.76% 202 19.27% 1,048
Greene 451 49.56% 201 22.09% 252 27.69% 6 0.66% 199[a] 21.87% 910
Gwinnett 1,219 55.23% 132 5.98% 845 38.29% 11 0.50% 374[a] 16.95% 2,207
Habersham 681 59.06% 229 19.86% 225 19.51% 18 1.56% 452 39.20% 1,153
Hall 1,135 57.41% 190 9.61% 635 32.12% 17 0.86% 500[a] 25.29% 1,977
Hancock 482 75.08% 31 4.83% 124 19.31% 5 0.78% 358[a] 55.76% 642
Haralson 349 29.65% 477 40.53% 336 28.55% 15 1.27% -128 -10.88% 1,177
Harris 689 79.75% 80 9.26% 91 10.53% 4 0.46% 598[a] 69.21% 864
Hart 482 59.21% 93 11.43% 233 28.62% 6 0.74% 249[a] 30.59% 814
Heard 361 77.80% 9 1.94% 84 18.10% 10 2.16% 277[a] 59.70% 464
Henry 464 59.41% 64 8.19% 239 30.60% 14 1.79% 225[a] 28.81% 781
Houston 768 88.48% 78 8.99% 19 2.19% 3 0.35% 690 79.49% 868
Irwin 658 59.87% 342 31.12% 82 7.46% 17 1.55% 316 28.75% 1,099
Jackson 964 43.11% 33 1.48% 1,233 55.14% 6 0.27% -269[a] -12.03% 2,236
Jasper 613 85.02% 50 6.93% 58 8.04% 0 0.00% 555[a] 76.98% 721
Jefferson 379 37.94% 489 48.95% 121 12.11% 10 1.00% -110 -11.01% 999
Johnson 257 38.13% 59 8.75% 355 52.67% 3 0.45% -98[a] -14.54% 674
Jones 498 79.68% 89 14.24% 36 5.76% 2 0.32% 409 65.44% 625
Laurens 878 56.87% 390 25.26% 272 17.62% 4 0.26% 488 31.61% 1,544
Lee 285 61.82% 63 13.67% 113 24.51% 0 0.00% 172[a] 37.31% 461
Liberty 242 38.54% 245 39.01% 141 22.45% 0 0.00% -3 -0.48% 628
Lincoln 195 54.47% 0 0.00% 163 45.53% 0 0.00% 32[a] 8.94% 358
Lowndes 888 72.91% 289 23.73% 34 2.79% 7 0.57% 599 49.18% 1,218
Lumpkin 525 63.18% 253 30.45% 53 6.38% 0 0.00% 272 32.73% 831
Macon 465 63.87% 180 24.73% 82 11.26% 1 0.14% 285 39.15% 728
Madison 733 77.90% 49 5.21% 154 16.37% 5 0.53% 579[a] 61.53% 941
Marion 247 54.53% 51 11.26% 154 34.00% 1 0.22% 93[a] 20.53% 453
McDuffie 196 40.50% 4 0.83% 283 58.47% 1 0.21% -87[a] -17.98% 484
McIntosh 144 42.86% 190 56.55% 2 0.60% 0 0.00% -46 -13.69% 336
Meriwether 765 68.30% 98 8.75% 253 22.59% 4 0.36% 512[a] 45.71% 1,120
Miller 174 59.39% 1 0.34% 118 40.27% 0 0.00% 56[a] 19.11% 293
Milton 263 58.84% 25 5.59% 158 35.35% 1 0.22% 105[a] 23.49% 447
Mitchell 511 63.01% 145 17.88% 155 19.11% 0 0.00% 356[a] 43.90% 811
Monroe 462 69.47% 36 5.41% 163 24.51% 4 0.60% 299[a] 44.96% 665
Montgomery 593 69.03% 121 14.09% 141 16.41% 4 0.47% 452[a] 52.62% 859
Morgan 512 79.50% 67 10.40% 44 6.83% 21 3.26% 445 69.10% 644
Murray 270 43.90% 252 40.98% 86 13.98% 7 1.14% 18 2.93% 615
Muscogee 1,522 88.28% 164 9.51% 6 0.35% 32 1.86% 1,358 78.77% 1,724
Newton 928 68.14% 354 25.99% 73 5.36% 7 0.51% 574 42.14% 1,362
Oconee 198 36.07% 99 18.03% 245 44.63% 7 1.28% -47[a] -8.56% 549
Oglethorpe 719 86.11% 5 0.60% 101 12.10% 10 1.20% 618[a] 74.01% 835
Paulding 402 32.90% 341 27.91% 479 39.20% 0 0.00% -77[a] -6.30% 1,222
Pickens 347 27.80% 810 64.90% 87 6.97% 4 0.32% -463 -37.10% 1,248
Pierce 354 69.82% 73 14.40% 77 15.19% 3 0.59% 277[a] 54.64% 507
Pike 662 68.32% 92 9.49% 214 22.08% 1 0.10% 448[a] 46.23% 969
Polk 653 43.07% 689 45.45% 174 11.48% 0 0.00% -36 -2.37% 1,516
Pulaski 605 87.94% 29 4.22% 54 7.85% 0 0.00% 551[a] 80.09% 688
Putnam 573 96.63% 3 0.51% 16 2.70% 1 0.17% 557[a] 93.93% 593
Quitman 119 69.59% 35 20.47% 17 9.94% 0 0.00% 84 49.12% 171
Rabun 364 74.44% 121 24.74% 4 0.82% 0 0.00% 243 49.69% 489
Randolph 551 78.05% 87 12.32% 68 9.63% 0 0.00% 464 65.72% 706
Richmond 1,816 65.82% 174 6.31% 754 27.33% 15 0.54% 1,062[a] 38.49% 2,759
Rockdale 434 62.63% 133 19.19% 124 17.89% 2 0.29% 301 43.43% 693
Schley 243 66.94% 55 15.15% 64 17.63% 1 0.28% 179[a] 49.31% 363
Screven 430 64.47% 25 3.75% 210 31.48% 2 0.30% 220[a] 32.98% 667
Spalding 905 84.90% 142 13.32% 13 1.22% 6 0.56% 763 71.58% 1,066
Stewart 429 67.67% 155 24.45% 50 7.89% 0 0.00% 274 43.22% 634
Sumter 918 82.04% 159 14.21% 41 3.66% 1 0.09% 759 67.83% 1,119
Talbot 484 82.74% 74 12.65% 26 4.44% 1 0.17% 410 70.09% 585
Taliaferro 377 54.48% 184 26.59% 130 18.79% 1 0.14% 193 27.89% 692
Tattnall 621 54.05% 171 14.88% 350 30.46% 7 0.61% 271[a] 23.59% 1,149
Taylor 309 56.80% 63 11.58% 170 31.25% 2 0.37% 139[a] 25.55% 544
Telfair 781 92.54% 44 5.21% 14 1.66% 5 0.59% 737 87.32% 844
Terrell 630 81.29% 77 9.94% 67 8.65% 1 0.13% 553 71.35% 775
Thomas 862 53.81% 374 23.35% 357 22.28% 9 0.56% 488 30.46% 1,602
Towns 338 36.34% 417 44.84% 174 18.71% 1 0.11% -79 -8.49% 930
Troup 891 78.23% 20 1.76% 220 19.32% 8 0.70% 671[a] 58.91% 1,139
Twiggs 378 88.52% 30 7.03% 19 4.45% 0 0.00% 348 81.50% 427
Union 419 41.69% 466 46.37% 114 11.34% 6 0.60% -47 -4.68% 1,005
Upson 468 56.66% 77 9.32% 280 33.90% 1 0.12% 188[a] 22.76% 826
Walker 858 59.42% 512 35.46% 71 4.92% 3 0.21% 346 23.96% 1,444
Walton 877 58.43% 245 16.32% 373 24.85% 6 0.40% 504[a] 33.58% 1,501
Ware 635 78.20% 158 19.46% 4 0.49% 15 1.85% 477 58.74% 812
Warren 220 42.15% 75 14.37% 221 42.34% 6 1.15% -1[a] -0.19% 522
Washington 976 57.41% 195 11.47% 529 31.12% 0 0.00% 447[a] 26.29% 1,700
Wayne 417 73.81% 89 15.75% 54 9.56% 5 0.88% 328 58.05% 565
Webster 165 65.22% 53 20.95% 35 13.83% 0 0.00% 112 44.27% 253
White 297 42.80% 179 25.79% 218 31.41% 0 0.00% 79[a] 11.38% 694
Whitfield 569 44.63% 427 33.49% 217 17.02% 62 4.86% 142 11.14% 1,275
Wilcox 501 67.98% 194 26.32% 39 5.29% 3 0.41% 307 41.66% 737
Wilkes 622 74.94% 6 0.72% 198 23.86% 4 0.48% 424[a] 51.08% 830
Wilkinson 539 80.69% 37 5.54% 90 13.47% 2 0.30% 449[a] 67.22% 668
Worth 529 50.53% 272 25.98% 241 23.02% 5 0.48% 257 24.55% 1,047
Totals 83,772 64.11% 23,794 18.21% 22,220 17.01% 881 0.67% 59,978 45.90% 130,667

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq In this county where Roosevelt ran behind both Parker and Watson, margin given is Parker vote minsu Watson vote and percentage margin Parker percentage minus Watson percentage.

References

edit
  1. ^ Mickey, Robert W.; Paths Out of Dixie: The Democratization of Authoritarian Enclaves in America's Deep South, 1944-1972, p. 76 ISBN 1400838789
  2. ^ Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 208, 210 ISBN 9780691163246
  3. ^ Springer, Melanie Jean; How the States Shaped the Nation: American Electoral Institutions and Voter Turnout, 1920-2000, p. 155 ISBN 022611435X
  4. ^ a b Mickey, Robert W.; ‘The Beginning of the End for Authoritarian Rule in America: Smith v. Allwright and the Abolition of the White Primary in the Deep South, 1944-1948’; Studies in American Political Development, Vol. 22 (Fall 2008), pp. 143-182.
  5. ^ Coleman, Kenneth; Georgia History in Outline, p. 85 ISBN 0820304670
  6. ^ Perman, Michael; Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888-1908; p. 274 ISBN 0807860255
  7. ^ Woodward, Comer Vann; Tom Watson: Agrarian Rebel (1963), p. 357
  8. ^ See ‘The Fireman and Elks’; Passaic Daily News, September 30, 1904, p. 4
  9. ^ ‘Forecasts of Presidential Election’; Montgomery Advertiser, October 29, 1904, pp. 13-14
  10. ^ "1904 Presidential Election Statistics". Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
  11. ^ Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas; 1904 Presidential General Election Results – Georgia
  12. ^ a b c d Géoelections; Popular Vote at the Presidential Election for 1904 (.xlsx file for €15)