Peranakan is an ethnic group in Southeast Asia that is famous in Malaysia and Singapore from Malacca spread to Southeast Asia. It is a metaphor for ethnicities that are born such as the way of life, culture and language of the Malay or Borneo Natives practiced by the Chinese, Indian, European and other ethnic groups. Famous Peranakan ethnicities are Baba Nyonya , Chetty , Jawi Peranakan , Kristang , Sino-Native , Kiau Seng and Baba Yaya.
Peranakan ethnic | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Malaysia (Malacca(origin) , Penang , Kelantan , Terengganu) ,Singapura, Thailand (Phuket and Ranong) , Indonesia (Riau Islands , Bangka Belitung , Medan , Tangerang and Batavia) and Borneo (Brunei ,Sabah , Sarawak , Kalimantan) | |
| Languages | |
| Baba Malay , Bahasa Melayu, Bahasa Malaysia , Sabahan language , Sarawak Malay ,Bruneian language , English , Arabic , Kristang creole , Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Jawa, Bahasa Betawi, Thai language , Southern Thai language , Chinese language , Tamil language | |
| Religion | |
| Buddha Mahayana, Kristian, Confusianism, Taoism, Islam , Hinduisme | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Baba Nyonya, Chetty , Kristang , Jawi Peranakan , Arab Peranakan , Peranakan Samsam , Tatana Peranakan , Sino-Native , Baba Yaya , Kiau Seng , Chinese Malaysian , Chinese Thai, Singaporean Chinese, Chinese Indonesian |
Many people misunderstand or confuse 'Peranakan' ethnic and (peranakan rahim/womb') are related from a metaphorical point of view even though they are different meaning. The word peranakan is taken from the words peranak and anak which means the place where we are born [1][2]. It is a metaphor for the newly born ethnic group named by the Malays of that time.
History edit
Malaysia edit
Malaya has long been visited by foreign traders from all over the world such as India in the 5th century, mainland China in the 7th century and Arabs in the 8th century. In fact, intermarriage between Chinese & Malay, Indian & Malay or Arab & Malay has been happening for a long time in the era of the arrival of Islam to the Malay Peninsula, it's just that the ethnic term "Peranakan" has not been advertised.
In the beginning there was only one Peranakan ethnicity, namely Baba Nyonya[3]which was based in the city of Malacca in the 15th century. Currently Arab & Indian traders continue to expand to spread Islam in Malaya such as in Kedah , Terengganu , Kelantan , Malacca and Johor .
Then the city of Malacca was attacked by the Portuguese in 1511. The city of Malacca was attacked by the Dutch in 1643 to 1825. During that period from the remnants of Portuguese colonization to the Netherlands, the Portuguese-Dutch Peranakan ethnic group Kristang[4] was born. In the era of the 18th century Arab merchants were rapidly born Arab Peranakan[5]in 1866 , not forgetting the ethnic Peranakan Indian which is Chetty[6] in 1781. In the state of war at that time, the British had arrived in Malaya from the 18th century, then there was an Anglo-Dutch agreement in 1824.
The British began to colonize Malaya in the 19th century until the 20th century . In this era, the influx of Chinese & Indian immigrants was widespread in the strait states such as Penang, Malacca, Dinding and Singapore. In Penang, the largest number of Indian & Indian Muslim arrivals are ethnic Jawi Peranakan[7] in 1870.
Thailand edit
The emergence of Peranakan Chinese in Thailand after the migration of Baba Nyonya from Malacca to Penang, then some of them split to Kelantan and Terengganu, another line of Penang headed to Southern Thailand .For many years adapting to the local community, finally they married a Siamese then Baba Yaya [8][9]was born starting from Phuket spread to Ranong ,Satun ,Trang ,Phang Nga and Krabi.
Type of ethnicity edit
| Name | Descent | Language | Famous dish | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baba Nyonya (Peranakan Chinese) | Chinese | Bahasa Malaysia , Baba Malay | Ayam kapitan & Laksa nyonya | Malacca(origin), Penang, Terengganu, Kelantan, Sarawak & Singapore |
| Chetty (Peranakan Indian)&(Peranakan Chinese) | Indian , Chinese | Bahasa Malaysia, Baba Malay, Malay Chetty creole language | Pulut tartal | Malacca(origin) & Singapore |
| Kristang (Serani/Portuguese Dutch) | Portuguese , Dutch , Chinese , Indian , Malay | Bahasa Malaysia ,Kristang creole & English | Ikan Bakar Portugis | Malacca(origin), Kuala Lumpur, Penang & Singapore |
| Arab Peranakan (Arab-Persian-Hadrami) | Arab , Malay | Bahasa Malaysia , Arabic | Nasi Arab | Penang, Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Malacca, Johor & Singapore |
| Jawi Peranakan (Indian Muslim/Mamak) | Indian Muslim , Malay , Chinese | Bahasa Malaysia ,Tamil language | Nasi kandar | Penang(origin) & Singapore |
| Peranakan Samsam (Peranakan Siam-Malay) | Siamese , Malay , Chinese | Bahasa Melayu & Thai language | Pulut Mangga | Perlis , Kedah & Kuala Lumpur |
| Sino-Native (Peranakan Sabahan native/Peranakan Sino) | Chinese , Kadazan , Dusun , Rungus , Sungei , Bisaya , Murut , Iban | Sabahan language | Hinava | Sabah & Brunei |
| Tatana Peranakan | Chinese , Kadazan , Dusun | Sabahan language | Pinatung | Beaufort & Kuala Penyu (Sabah) |
| Baba Yaya (Southern Thai Peranakan) | Chinese , Siamese , Southern Thai Malay | Thai language , Chinese language | Padkrapao | Phuket(origin), Southern Thailand |
| Kiau Seng (Peranakan Chinese Indo/Tionghoa Selat) | Chinese , Javanese , Indonesian | Bahasa Jawa , Bahasa Melayu , Bahasa Indonesia | type of Soto | Medan, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung, Batavia & Tangerang, Kalimantan (Indonesia) |
Reference edit
- ^ Shazlan, Ahmad (25 April 2024). "Different etnik Peranakan and peranakan rahim". Kamus Dewan Bahasa Pustaka Malaysia. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ^ Shazlan, Ahmad (17 May 2024). "Peranakan means". glosbe. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
- ^ Shazlan, Ahmad (1 May 2024). "Baba Nyonya in Malaysia the first Chinese Peranakan in Southeast Asia (Malacca-Malaysia)". Eksentrika. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ Shazlan, Ahmad (1 May 2024). "First Kristang In Southeast Asia (Melaka-Malaysia)". Open Edition. Retrieved 1 January 2005.
- ^ Shazlan, Ahmad (1 May 2024). "Arab Peranakan in Malaysia". Researchgate. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ Shazlan, Ahmad (1 May 2024). "First Chetty in Southeast Asia(Melaka-Malaysia)". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 12 Dec 2018.
- ^ Shazlan, Ahmad (1 May 2024). "First Jawi Peranakan in Southeast Asia (Penang-Malaysia)". Melaka Hari Ini. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
- ^ Shazlan, Ahmad (17 May 2024). "Trail type of Peranakan ethnicity in Thailand". researchgate. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
- ^ Shazlan, Ahmad (17 May 2024). "Baba Yaya or Baba Phuket". cpamedia. Retrieved 8 March 2012.