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The Television Portal

Flat-screen television receivers on display for sale at a consumer electronics store in 2008

Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. Additionally, the term can refer to a physical television set, rather than the medium of transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports. The medium is capable of more than "radio broadcasting", which refers to an audio signal sent to radio receivers.

Television became available in crude experimental forms in the 1920s, but only after several years of further development was the new technology marketed to consumers. After World War II, an improved form of black-and-white television broadcasting became popular in the United Kingdom and the United States, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the U.S. and most other developed countries.

In 2013, 79% of the world's households owned a television set. The replacement of earlier cathode-ray tube (CRT) screen displays with compact, energy-efficient, flat-panel alternative technologies such as LCDs (both fluorescent-backlit and LED), OLED displays, and plasma displays was a hardware revolution that began with computer monitors in the late 1990s. Most television sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs. Major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, Digital Light Processing (DLP), plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. LEDs are being gradually replaced by OLEDs. Also, major manufacturers have started increasingly producing smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s. (Full article...)

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The first season of Smallville began airing on October 16, 2001, on The WB television network. Smallville recounts the early adventures of Kryptonian Clark Kent as he adjusts to life in the fictional town of Smallville, Kansas, during the years before he becomes Superman. The first season comprises 21 episodes and concluded its initial airing on May 21, 2002. The season's stories focus on Martha and Jonathan Kent's attempts to help their adopted son Clark cope with his alien origin and control his developing superhuman abilities. Clark must deal with the meteor-infected individuals that begin appearing in Smallville, his love for Lana Lang, and not being able to tell his two best friends, Pete Ross and Chloe Sullivan, about his alien nature. Clark also befriends Lex Luthor. "Villain of the week" storylines were predominant during the first season; physical effects, make-up effects, and computer-generated imagery became important components as well. The pilot broke The WB's viewership record for a debut series, and was nominated for various awards. Although the villain of the week storylines became a concern for producers, critical reception was generally favorable, and the series was noted as having a promising start.

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Credit: United States Government

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is a United States government agency, created, directed, and empowered by Congressional statute (see 47 U.S.C. § 151 and 47 U.S.C. § 154), and with the majority of its commissioners appointed by the current president. The FCC was established by the Communications Act of 1934 as the successor to the Federal Radio Commission and is charged with regulating all non-Federal Government use of the radio spectrum (including radio and television broadcasting), and all interstate telecommunications (wire, satellite and cable) as well as all international communications that originate or terminate in the United States.

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... that Windows 3.1 had a special version, known as Modular Windows, that was controlled via television?
... that just four years after starting up, the president of Satellite Television & Associated Resources commented that his entire industry had "gone down the drain"?
... that among the special events broadcast by the Maine Television Network during its brief existence were a fashion show, a basketball tournament, and an ordination ceremony?
... that when her boss told her to quit her unpaid television commenting role, Katie Phang quit her paid job instead?
... that Chuck Eisenmann went from professionally pitching in baseball to owning and training the dogs that starred on the Canadian television series The Littlest Hobo?
... that an episode of the children's TV show Arthur featuring a same-sex wedding was not aired on Alabama's PBS network?

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If there's anything unsettling to the stomach, it's watching actors on television talk about their personal lives.

— Marlon Brando

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...that the book The Psychology of The Simpsons uses this TV series to analyze topics in psychology including clinical psychology, cognition and Pavlovian conditioning?

...that The O.C.'s music supervisor Alexandra Patsavas worked in the music department of over fifty Roger Corman B-movies before her television debut?

...that an advertising spot immediately following Xinwen Lianbo, a daily news programme shown by most terrestrial television stations in mainland China, can sell for an estimated US$100,000?

...that the color signals of Israel Broadcasting Authority television transmissions were erased until 1981, to insure equality for families who couldn't afford color-tv?

...that like the characters in his television series The Practice and Boston Legal, David E. Kelley worked as a lawyer in a Boston law firm?

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Nichols at the San Diego Comic-Con in 2012

Austin Nichols (born April 24, 1980) is an American actor and director, known for his role as Julian Baker in The CW drama series One Tree Hill. He is also known for his roles in the films The Day After Tomorrow and Wimbledon. He starred as John Monad in the HBO drama series John from Cincinnati, and portrayed Spencer Monroe in the AMC horror drama series The Walking Dead. (Full article...)

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James T. Aubrey Kroger Babb Rudolph Cartier Sydney Newman Eric Bana Kylie Minogue Peter Jennings KaDee Strickland Aaron Sorkin Jake Gyllenhaal Dan Rather Brad Pitt Walter Cronkite Tom Brokaw John Le Mesurier George Formby Dan Castellaneta Perry Como Red Skelton Rose Catherine Pinkney

General images

The following are images from various television-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Public television in France uses 819 line b&w high definition, from 1959 until 1983 (TF1). (from History of television)
Image 2An early Smart TV from 2012 running the discontinued Orsay platform (from History of television)
Image 3This live image of actress Paddy Naismith was used to demonstrate Telechrome, John Logie Baird's first all-electronic color television system, which used two projection CRTs. The two-color image would be similar to the basic Telechrome system. (from Color television)
Image 4Ferdinand Braun (from History of television)
Image 5Color bars used in a test pattern, sometimes used when no program material is available (from History of television)
Image 6DBS satellite dishes (from History of television)
Image 7A map depicting digital terrestrial television standards (from Digital television)
Image 8Ad for the beginning of experimental television broadcasting in New York City by RCA in 1939 (from History of television)
Image 9Smart TVs on display (from Smart TV)
Image 10RCA 630-TS, the first mass-produced television set, which sold in 1946–1947 (from History of television)
Image 11Philo Farnsworth in 1924 (from History of television)
Image 12RCA CT-100 at the SPARK Museum of Electrical Invention playing Superman. The RCA CT-100 was the first mass-produced color TV set. (from Color television)
Image 13The first mass-produced Czechoslovak TV-set Tesla 4001A (1953–57) (from History of television)
Image 14LG Smart TV using the Web browser (from Smart TV)
Image 15Comparison of image quality between ISDB-T (1080i broadcast, top) and NTSC (480i transmission, bottom) (from Digital television)
Image 16Baird in 1925 with his televisor equipment and dummies "James" and "Stooky Bill" (right) (from History of television)
Image 17A color television test at the Mount Kaukau transmitter site, New Zealand in 1970.
A test pattern with color bars is used to calibrate the signal. (from Color television)
Image 18The Nipkow disk. This schematic shows the circular paths traced by the holes, which may also be square for greater precision. The area of the disk outlined in black shows the region scanned. (from History of television)
Image 19The Philco Predicta, 1958. In the collection of The Children's Museum of Indianapolis (from History of television)
Image 20Manfred von Ardenne in 1933 (from History of television)
Image 21First television test broadcast transmitted by the NHK Broadcasting Technology Research Institute in May 1939 (from History of television)
Image 22Family watching TV, 1958 (from History of television)
Image 23Hovannes Adamian c. 1900s (from Color television)
Image 24LG Electronics smart TV from 2011 (from Smart TV)
Image 25Samsung's discontinued Orsay platform (from Smart TV)

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Featured lists have been determined by the Wikipedia community to be the best lists on English Wikipedia.

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No. overall	No. in season	Title	Directed by	Written by	Original air date	Prod. code	U.S. viewers (millions)
129	1	"Who Shot Mr. Burns? (Part Two)"	Wes Archer	Bill Oakley & Josh Weinstein	September 17, 1995 (1995-09-17)	2F20	22.6
130	2	"Radioactive Man"	Susie Dietter	John Swartzwelder	September 24, 1995 (1995-09-24)	2F17	15.7
131	3	"Home Sweet Homediddly-Dum-Doodily"	Susie Dietter	Jon Vitti	October 1, 1995 (1995-10-01)	3F01	14.5
132	4	"Bart Sells His Soul"	Wes Archer	Greg Daniels	October 8, 1995 (1995-10-08)	3F02	14.8
133	5	"Lisa the Vegetarian"	Mark Kirkland	David X. Cohen	October 15, 1995 (1995-10-15)	3F03	14.6
134	6	"Treehouse of Horror VI"	Bob Anderson	John Swartzwelder	October 29, 1995 (1995-10-29)	3F04	19.7
				Steve Tompkins
				David X. Cohen
135	7	"King-Size Homer"	Jim Reardon	Dan Greaney	November 5, 1995 (1995-11-05)	3F05	17.0
136	8	"Mother Simpson"	David Silverman	Richard Appel	November 19, 1995 (1995-11-19)	3F06	15.3
137	9	"Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming"	Dominic Polcino	Spike Feresten	November 26, 1995 (1995-11-26)	3F08	14.2
138	10	"The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular"	David Silverman	Jon Vitti	December 3, 1995 (1995-12-03)	3F31	16.4
139	11	"Marge Be Not Proud"	Steven Dean Moore	Mike Scully	December 17, 1995 (1995-12-17)	3F07	16.7
140	12	"Team Homer"	Mark Kirkland	Mike Scully	January 7, 1996 (1996-01-07)	3F10	16.7
141	13	"Two Bad Neighbors"	Wes Archer	Ken Keeler	January 14, 1996 (1996-01-14)	3F09	16.5
142	14	"Scenes from the Class Struggle in Springfield"	Susie Dietter	Jennifer Crittenden	February 4, 1996 (1996-02-04)	3F11	14.4
143	15	"Bart the Fink"	Jim Reardon	Story by : Bob Kushell Teleplay by : John Swartzwelder	February 11, 1996 (1996-02-11)	3F12	15.0
144	16	"Lisa the Iconoclast"	Mike B. Anderson	Jonathan Collier	February 18, 1996 (1996-02-18)	3F13	13.4
145	17	"Homer the Smithers"	Steven Dean Moore	John Swartzwelder	February 25, 1996 (1996-02-25)	3F14	14.1
146	18	"The Day the Violence Died"	Wes Archer	John Swartzwelder	March 17, 1996 (1996-03-17)	3F16	14.4
147	19	"A Fish Called Selma"	Mark Kirkland	Jack Barth	March 24, 1996 (1996-03-24)	3F15	12.9
148	20	"Bart on the Road"	Swinton O. Scott III	Richard Appel	March 31, 1996 (1996-03-31)	3F17	11.8
149	21	"22 Short Films About Springfield"	Jim Reardon	Richard Appel, David X. Cohen, Jonathan Collier, Jennifer Crittenden, Greg Daniels, Brent Forrester, Rachel Pulido, Steve Tompkins, Bill Oakley, Josh Weinstein & Matt Groening	April 14, 1996 (1996-04-14)	3F18	10.5
150	22	"Raging Abe Simpson and His Grumbling Grandson in 'The Curse of the Flying Hellfish'"	Jeffrey Lynch	Jonathan Collier	April 28, 1996 (1996-04-28)	3F19	13.0
151	23	"Much Apu About Nothing"	Susie Dietter	David X. Cohen	May 5, 1996 (1996-05-05)	3F20	11.3
152	24	"Homerpalooza"	Wes Archer	Brent Forrester	May 19, 1996 (1996-05-19)	3F21	12.9
153	25	"Summer of 4 Ft. 2"	Mark Kirkland	Dan Greaney	May 19, 1996 (1996-05-19)	3F22	14.7
1	"The Day I Became a Shinigami" Transliteration: "Shinigami ni Natchatta Hi" (Japanese: 死神になっちゃった日)	Noriyuki Abe	Noriyuki Abe	Masashi Sogo	October 5, 2004 (2004-10-05)	September 9, 2006
2	"A Shinigami's Work" Transliteration: "Shinigami no Oshigoto" (Japanese: 死神のお仕事)	Jun'ya Koshiba	Jun'ya Koshiba	Natsuko Takahashi	October 12, 2004 (2004-10-12)	September 16, 2006
3	"The Older Brother's Wish, the Younger Sister's Wish" Transliteration: "Ani no Negai, Imōto no Negai" (Japanese: 兄の願い、妹の願い)	Noriyuki Abe	Shigeki Hatakeyama	Natsuko Takahashi	October 19, 2004 (2004-10-19)	September 23, 2006
4	"Cursed Parakeet" Transliteration: "Noroi no Inko" (Japanese: 呪いのインコ)	Hidehito Ueda	Takuji Kimura	Genki Yoshimura	October 26, 2004 (2004-10-26)	September 30, 2006
5	"Beat the Invisible Enemy!" Transliteration: "Mienai Teki o Nagure!" (Japanese: 見えない敵を殴れ！)	Tetsuhito Saitō	Kazunori Mizuno	Genki Yoshimura	November 2, 2004 (2004-11-02)	October 7, 2006
6	"Fight to the Death! Ichigo vs. Ichigo" Transliteration: "Shitō! Ichigo VS Ichigo" (Japanese: 死闘！一護VSイチゴ)	Motosuke Takahashi	Jun'ya Koshiba	Michiko Yokote	November 9, 2004 (2004-11-09)	October 14, 2006
7	"Greetings from a Stuffed Lion" Transliteration: "Nuigurumi kara Konnichiwa" (Japanese: ぬいぐるみからコンにちは)	Motosuke Takahashi Shigeki Hatakeyama	Akira Shimizu	Michiko Yokote Masashi Sogo	November 16, 2004 (2004-11-16)	October 21, 2006
8	"June 17, Memories in the Rain" Transliteration: "Roku-gatsu Jūshichi-nichi, Ame no Kioku" (Japanese: 6月17日、雨の記憶)	Noriyuki Abe	Shigeki Hatakeyama	Masashi Sogo	November 23, 2004 (2004-11-23)	October 28, 2006
9	"Unbeatable Enemy" Transliteration: "Taosenai Teki" (Japanese: 倒せない敵)	Sanzō Tsunoda	Takuji Kimura	Masashi Sogo	November 30, 2004 (2004-11-30)	November 4, 2006
10	"Assault on Trip at Sacred Ground!" Transliteration: "Burari Reijō Totsugeki no Tabi!" (Japanese: ぶらり霊場突撃の旅！)	Kazunori Mizuno	Kazunori Mizuno	Masahiro Ōkubo	December 7, 2004 (2004-12-07)	November 11, 2006
11	"The Legendary Quincy" Transliteration: "Densetsu no Kuinshī" (Japanese: 伝説のクインシー)	Jun'ya Koshiba	Jun'ya Koshiba	Michiko Yokote	December 14, 2004 (2004-12-14)	November 18, 2006
12	"A Gentle Right Arm" Transliteration: "Yasashii Migiude" (Japanese: やさしい右腕)	Kōji Aritomi	Kōji Aritomi	Genki Yoshimura	December 21, 2004 (2004-12-21)	November 25, 2006
13	"Flower and Hollow" Transliteration: "Hana to Horō" (Japanese: 花とホロウ)	Sanzō Tsunoda	Takuji Kimura	Natsuko Takahashi	December 28, 2004 (2004-12-28)	December 2, 2006
14	"Back to Back, a Fight to the Death!" Transliteration: "Senaka Awase no Shitō!" (Japanese: 背中合わせの死闘！)	Tetsuhito Saitō	Noriyuki Abe	Masashi Sogo	January 11, 2005 (2005-01-11)	December 9, 2006
15	"Kon's Great Plan" Transliteration: "Kon no Uhauha Daisakusen" (Japanese: コンのウハウハ大作戦)	Chiaki Kon	Chiaki Kon	Masahiro Ōkubo	January 18, 2005 (2005-01-18)	December 16, 2006
16	"The Encounter, Abarai Renji!" Transliteration: "Abarai Renji, Kenzan!" (Japanese: 阿散井恋次、見参！)	Motosuke Takahashi	Jun'ya Koshiba	Michiko Yokote	January 25, 2005 (2005-01-25)	January 6, 2007
17	"Ichigo Dies!" Transliteration: "Ichigo, Shisu!" (Japanese: 一護、死す！)	Manabu Fukazawa	Kazunori Mizuno	Rika Nakase	February 1, 2005 (2005-02-01)	January 13, 2007
18	"Reclaim! The Power of the Shinigami!" Transliteration: "Torimodose! Shinigami no Chikara!" (Japanese: 取り戻せ！死神の力！)	Jun'ya Koshiba	Akira Shimizu	Natsuko Takahashi	February 8, 2005 (2005-02-08)	January 20, 2007
19	"Ichigo Becomes a Hollow!" Transliteration: "Ichigo, Horō ni Ochiru!" (Japanese: 一護、ホロウに墜ちる！)	Tetsuhito Saitō	Takuji Kimura	Genki Yoshimura	February 15, 2005 (2005-02-15)	January 27, 2007
20	"Ichimaru Gin's Shadow" Transliteration: "Ichimaru Gin no Kage" (Japanese: 市丸ギンの影)	Shigeki Hatakeyama	Shigeki Hatakeyama	Masashi Sogo	February 22, 2005 (2005-02-22)	February 3, 2007

Season	Episodes	Originally aired		Avg. viewers (millions)	Rank
Season	Episodes	First aired	Last aired	Avg. viewers (millions)	Rank
1	25	September 22, 2004 (2004-09-22)	May 25, 2005 (2005-05-25)	15.69	15
2	24	September 21, 2005 (2005-09-21)	May 24, 2006 (2006-05-24)	15.50	15
3	23	October 4, 2006 (2006-10-04)	May 23, 2007 (2007-05-23)	17.84	10
4	14	January 31, 2008 (2008-01-31)	May 29, 2008 (2008-05-29)	13.40	17
5	17	January 21, 2009 (2009-01-21)	May 13, 2009 (2009-05-13)	10.94	28
6	18	February 2, 2010 (2010-02-02)	May 23, 2010 (2010-05-23)	10.08	31

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30 Rockefeller Plaza, the titular setting of 30 Rock

30 Rock is an American satirical situation comedy that premiered on NBC on October 11, 2006. Created by Tina Fey, the television series has won and been nominated for a variety of different awards during its seven season run. It received 103 Emmy Awards nominations, with 10 Emmy Award nominations for its first season alone, and a further 17 Emmy Award nominations in its second season. The show won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series for its first three seasons and was nominated every year it was eligible.

Lead actress Tina Fey has been nominated for awards 27 times for her role as Liz Lemon, the head writer of the fictional television show TGS with Tracy Jordan. Fey has also been nominated eight times for her writing skills. Lead actor Alec Baldwin has been nominated 27 times for his portrayal of NBC television executive Jack Donaghy. Through its run, 30 Rock was nominated for 189 different awards, winning 47. A webisode series called Kenneth the Web Page has been nominated for one award. In this list, "year" refers to the year the award was presented to the winner. (Full article...)

The Arthur Ashe Courage Award (sometimes called the Arthur Ashe Award for Courage or Arthur Ashe Courage and Humanitarian Award) is presented as part of the ESPY Awards. It is named for the American tennis player Arthur Ashe. Although it is a sport-oriented award, it is not limited to sports-related people or actions, as it is presented annually to individuals whose contributions "transcend sports". According to ESPN, the organization responsible for giving out the award, "recipients reflect the spirit of Arthur Ashe, possessing strength in the face of adversity, courage in the face of peril and the willingness to stand up for their beliefs no matter what the cost". The award was presented as part of the ESPY Awards ceremony at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles from 2008 to 2019. The 2020 ESPYs ceremony was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the Ashe Award being one of the few awards presented, and the 2021 ceremony was held in New York City.

The inaugural award, made at the 1993 ESPY Awards, was presented to the American college basketball player, coach, and broadcaster Jim Valvano. In 1993, ESPN partnered with Valvano to create the V Foundation which presents the annual Jimmy V Award to "a deserving member of the sporting world who has overcome great obstacles through perseverance and determination." Suffering from cancer, Valvano gave the inaugural Arthur Ashe Courage Award acceptance speech which "brought a howling, teary-eyed Madison Square Garden to its feet". Valvano died two months after receiving the award. Although the award is usually given to individuals, it has been presented to multiple recipients on seven occasions: former athletes on United Airlines Flight 93 (2002), Pat and Kevin Tillman (2003), Emmanuel Ofosu Yeboah and Jim MacLaren (2005), Roia Ahmad and Shamila Kohestani (2006), Trevor Ringland and David Cullen (2007), and Tommie Smith, John Carlos (2008), and survivors of the USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal (2018). The accolade has been presented posthumously on five occasions. (Full article...)

The Best Female Action Sports Athlete ESPY Award is an annual award honoring the achievements of a female athlete from the world of action sports. It was first awarded as part of the ESPY Awards in 2004 after the non-gender-specific Best Action Sports Athlete ESPY Award was presented the previous two years (with the American snowboarder Kelly Clark receiving the 2002 award). It is given to the female, irrespective of nationality or sport contested, adjudged to be the best action sports athlete in a given calendar year. Balloting for the award is undertaken by fans over the Internet from between three and five choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee, which is composed of a panel of experts. It is conferred in July to reflect performance and achievement over the preceding twelve months.

The inaugural winner of the award was the American wakeboarder Dallas Friday. During 2003 and 2004, Friday won 12 of the available 14 professional women's titles, including national and world championships. She became the first wakeboarder to be nominated for, and hence to win, an ESPY Award. Athletes from the United States have won more times than any other nationality with ten (three times to snowboarders Jamie Anderson and Chloe Kim), followed by Australians with three, two of which went to the surfer Stephanie Gilmore. Snowboarders are most successful sportspeople, with eleven awards, followed by surfers with four. It was not awarded in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The most recent winner of the award was Chinese freestyle skier Eileen Gu in 2022. (Full article...)

Season	Episodes	Originally aired		Rank	Rating	Viewers (millions)
Season	Episodes	First aired	Last aired	Rank	Rating	Viewers (millions)
1	39	September 10, 1955 (1955-09-10)	August 25, 1956 (1956-08-25)	—	—	—
2	39	September 8, 1956 (1956-09-08)	June 29, 1957 (1957-06-29)	8	32.7	12.72
3	39	September 14, 1957 (1957-09-14)	June 7, 1958 (1958-06-07)	1	43.1	18.06
4	39	September 13, 1958 (1958-09-13)	June 13, 1959 (1959-06-13)	1	39.6	17.40
5	39	September 5, 1959 (1959-09-05)	June 11, 1960 (1960-06-11)	1	40.3	18.43
6	38	September 3, 1960 (1960-09-03)	June 17, 1961 (1961-06-17)	1	37.3	17.60
7	34	September 30, 1961 (1961-09-30)	May 26, 1962 (1962-05-26)	3	28.3	13.74
8	38	September 15, 1962 (1962-09-15)	June 1, 1963 (1963-06-01)	10	27.0	13.58
9	36	September 28, 1963 (1963-09-28)	June 6, 1964 (1964-06-06)	20	23.5	12.12
10	36	September 26, 1964 (1964-09-26)	May 29, 1965 (1965-05-29)	27	22.6	11.91
11	32	September 18, 1965 (1965-09-18)	May 7, 1966 (1966-05-07)	30	21.3	11.47
12	29	September 17, 1966 (1966-09-17)	April 15, 1967 (1967-04-15)	34	19.9	11.33
13	25	September 11, 1967 (1967-09-11)	March 4, 1968 (1968-03-04)	4	25.5	14.45
14	26	September 23, 1968 (1968-09-23)	March 24, 1969 (1969-03-24)	6	24.9	14.50
15	26	September 22, 1969 (1969-09-22)	March 23, 1970 (1970-03-23)	2	25.9	15.15
16	24	September 14, 1970 (1970-09-14)	March 8, 1971 (1971-03-08)	5	25.5	15.32
17	24	September 13, 1971 (1971-09-13)	March 13, 1972 (1972-03-13)	4	26.0	16.14
18	24	September 11, 1972 (1972-09-11)	March 5, 1973 (1973-03-05)	8	23.6	15.29
19	24	September 10, 1973 (1973-09-10)	April 1, 1974 (1974-04-01)	15	22.1	14.63
20	24	September 9, 1974 (1974-09-09)	March 31, 1975 (1975-03-31)	26	20.7	14.04
Television films		September 26, 1987 (1987-09-26)	February 10, 1994 (1994-02-10)	—	—	—

(Full article...)

The Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series Directing Team is an award presented annually by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS) and Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS).

It was first awarded at the 1st Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony, held in 1974 when the award was originally called Outstanding Individual Director for a Drama Series. Therefore, between 1974 and 1978; the award only honored individual directors. In 1979, the award was renamed Outstanding Direction for a Drama Series before using its current title years later. Since then, the award has honored the performances of the entire directing team participating in a form of a daytime drama. The awards ceremony was not aired on television in 1983 and 1984, having been criticized for lack of integrity. The Emmy was named after an "Immy," an affectionate term used to refer to the image orthicon camera tube. The statuette was designed by Louis McManus, who modeled the award after his wife, Dorothy. The Emmy statuette is fifteen inches tall from base to tip, weighs five pounds and is composed of iron, pewter, zinc and gold. (Full article...)

Sigourney Weaver is an American actress who began her career in the early 1970s by appearing in plays. Throughout her career, she has acted in nearly 40 stage productions. She made her film debut with a minor role in Woody Allen's comedy-drama Annie Hall (1977), but her breakthrough came when she portrayed Ellen Ripley in Ridley Scott's science fiction film Alien (1979). She reprised the role in Aliens (1986), this time helmed by director James Cameron. Her performance netted her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She returned to the role in two more sequels: Alien 3 (1992) and Alien Resurrection (1997), neither of which were as well received. Although originally written as a male role, Ripley is now regarded as one of the most significant female protagonists in cinema history, and consequently, Weaver is considered to be a pioneer of action heroines in science fiction films.

Although best known for her role in the Alien franchise, Weaver has fostered a prolific filmography, appearing in more than 60 films. In 1981, she starred alongside William Hurt in the neo-noir Eyewitness. Her next role was opposite Mel Gibson in the Peter Weir–directed The Year of Living Dangerously (1982). She played Dana Barrett in Ghostbusters (1984), later returning to the franchise in Ghostbusters II (1989), Ghostbusters (2016), and Ghostbusters: Afterlife (2021). In 1986, Weaver starred opposite Michael Caine in the erotic thriller Half Moon Street. Her next role was primatologist Dian Fossey in Gorillas in the Mist (1988), for which she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama. That same year, she also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture for her performance alongside Harrison Ford in Working Girl. Weaver was the first actor to have two acting wins at the Golden Globes in the same year. She also received an Academy Award nomination for both films. (Full article...)

Sir Ralph Richardson (1902–1983) was an English actor who appeared on radio, film, television and stage. Described by The Guardian as "indisputably our most poetic actor", and by the director David Ayliff as "a natural actor ... [who] couldn't stop being a perfect actor", Richardson's career lasted over 50 years. He was—in the words of his biographer, Sheridan Morley—one "of the three great actor knights of the mid-twentieth century", alongside Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud.

After seeing a production of Hamlet starring Sir Frank Benson, Richardson decided to become an actor and made his stage debut, playing a gendarme in The Bishop's Candlesticks in December 1920. After touring and appearing in rep, he made his London debut in July 1926 as the stranger in Oedipus at Colonus. In 1930 he joined the Old Vic where he first met Gielgud, staying with the company until the following year. After service during the Second World War with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, he returned to acting, preferring the works of the more modern authors Luigi Pirandello, Joe Orton, Harold Pinter, George Bernard Shaw and J. B. Priestley to the classic plays of Shakespeare. A radio career ran in parallel to that on the stage, and Richardson was first broadcast in The City in 1929. (Full article...)

Numbers is an American television series produced by brothers Ridley and Tony Scott. It premiered on CBS on Sunday, January 23, 2005 at 10:00 pm with its pilot episode then moved to its Friday slot five days later. It remained in that slot for the rest of its run. The series is set in Los Angeles, California, and follows the stories of a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) team and a mathematics professor, focusing on relationships between FBI Special Agent in Charge Don Eppes (Rob Morrow), his brother Professor Charlie Eppes (David Krumholtz) and their father, Alan Eppes (Judd Hirsch), and on the brothers' efforts to fight crime. A typical episode begins with a crime, which is subsequently investigated by Don's team and mathematically described by Charlie. The insights provided by Charlie's mathematics are almost always crucial to solving the crime.

In total, six complete seasons consisting of 118 episodes were broadcast. The first season, a mid-season replacement for Dr. Vegas, was the shortest of the six, and spanned 13 episodes from January to May 2005. Seasons two and three aired from September to May of the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 seasons respectively, but season four was cut short by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. Twelve episodes were originally produced and aired from September 2007 to January 2008. Six more episodes were aired in April and May 2008 after the strike ended. Season 5 began airing on October 3, 2008 and continued through to May 2009. Season six began in late September 2009 and concluded in March 2010. (Full article...)

Treehouse of Horror, also known as The Simpsons Halloween Specials, is a series of Halloween-themed episodes of the animated sitcom The Simpsons, each consisting of three separate, self-contained segments. These segments usually involve the family in some horror, science fiction, or supernatural setting and always take place outside the normal continuity of the show. Therefore, they are considered non-canon.

The original "Treehouse of Horror" episode aired on October 25, 1990, and was inspired by EC Comics Horror tales. From "Treehouse of Horror" (1990) to "X" (1999), every episode has aired in the week preceding or on October 31; "II" and "X" are both the only episodes to air on Halloween. Between "XI" (2000) to "XIX" (2008) and "XXI" (2010), due to Fox's contract with Major League Baseball's World Series, episodes had originally aired in November. "XX" (2009) and each Treehouse of Horror episode since "XXII" (2011) has aired in October, with the exception of season thirty two's "XXXI" (2020), which was originally scheduled for October 18, but was postponed to November 1 due to the 2020 NLCS reaching game 7. This was the first time since "XXI" that a Treehouse of Horror episode aired in November. The same thing happened with season thirty-five's "XXXIV" (2023), which aired on November 5. (Full article...)

Millennium is an American crime-thriller television series which was broadcast between 1996 and 1999. Created by Chris Carter, the series aired on Fox for three seasons with a total of sixty-seven episodes. Millennium starred Lance Henriksen, Megan Gallagher, Klea Scott, and Brittany Tiplady. Henriksen portrayed Frank Black, an offender profiler who worked for the Millennium Group, a private investigative organisation. Black retired from the Federal Bureau of Investigation to move his wife (Gallagher) and daughter (Tiplady) to Seattle, where he began to consult on criminal cases for the Group. After his wife's death, he returned to the FBI to work with new partner Emma Hollis (Scott) to discredit the Group.

Millennium's genesis stemmed from "Irresistible", a second-season episode of The X-Files penned by Carter. Influence was also drawn from the works of Nostradamus, and the increasing popular interest in eschatology ahead of the coming millennium. The series began airing in the Friday timeslot formerly occupied by The X-Files. "Pilot", the debut episode, was heavily promoted by Fox, and brought in over a quarter of the total audience during its broadcast. (Full article...)

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