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The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of the African continent. It borders the countries of Namibia , Botswana , Zimbabwe , Mozambique , and Eswatini , and entirely surrounds Lesotho .
Chief Hintsa OF The Gcaleka Xhosa
South Africa has the largest population of people of European descent in Africa, one of the largest Indian population outside of Asia , as well as the largest Coloured (of mixed European, Asian and African descent) community in Africa, making it one of the most ethnically diverse countries on the continent. Racial and ethnic strife between the black majority and the white minority have played a large part in the country's history and politics . The National Party began introducing the policy of apartheid after winning the general election of 1948 ; however, it was the same party under the leadership of F.W. de Klerk who started to dismantle it in 1990 after a long struggle by the black majority, as well as many white, coloured and Indian South Africans.
The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular free and fair elections have been held since 1994 , making it a regional power and among the most stable and liberal democracies in Africa.
South Africa is ranked as an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank . It has the second largest economy in Africa after Nigeria , and the 34th-largest in the world. By purchasing power parity , South Africa has the 7th highest per capita income in Africa. Although being the second largest economy, South Africa has the most sophisticated economy in the continent, with modern infrastructure common throughout the country. The country is considered to be a newly industrialized country according to the World Bank classifications.
The Dutch Cape Colony (Dutch : Kaapkolonie ) was a Dutch United East India Company (VOC) colony in Southern Africa , centered on the Cape of Good Hope , from where it derived its name. The original colony and the successive states that the colony was incorporated into occupied much of modern South Africa . Between 1652 and 1691, it was a Commandment, and between 1691 and 1795, a Governorate of the VOC. Jan van Riebeeck established the colony as a re-supply and layover port for vessels of the VOC trading with Asia. The Cape came under VOC rule from 1652 to 1795 and from 1803 to 1806 was ruled by the Batavian Republic . Much to the dismay of the shareholders of the VOC, who focused primarily on making profits from the Asian trade, the colony rapidly expanded into a settler colony in the years after its founding.
As the only permanent settlement of the
Dutch United East India Company not serving as a trading post, it proved an ideal retirement place for employees of the company. After several years of service in the company, an employee could lease a piece of land in the colony as a Vryburgher ('free citizen'), on which he had to cultivate crops that he had to sell to the United East India Company for a fixed price. As these farms were labour-intensive, Vryburghers imported slaves from
Madagascar ,
Mozambique and Asia (
Dutch East Indies and
Dutch Ceylon ), which rapidly increased the number of inhabitants. After King
Louis XIV of France issued the
Edict of Fontainebleau in October 1685 (revoking the
Edict of Nantes of 1598), thereby ending protection of the right of
Huguenots in France to practise Protestant worship without persecution from the state, the colony attracted many
Huguenot settlers , who eventually mixed with the general Vryburgher population. (
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Jan Christiaan Smuts ,
OM ,
CH ,
ED ,
KC ,
FRS ,
PC (24 May 1870 – 11 September 1950) was a prominent South African and British
Commonwealth statesman , military leader and philosopher. In addition to holding various cabinet posts, he served as
Prime Minister of the
Union of South Africa from 1919 until 1924 and from 1939 until 1948. He served in the First World War and as a British
field marshal in the Second World War. He led
commandos in the
Second Boer War for the
Transvaal . During the First World War, he led the armies of South Africa against
Germany , capturing
German South-West Africa and commanding the
British Army in
East Africa . From 1917 to 1919, he was also one of five members of the British
War Cabinet , helping to create the
Royal Air Force . He became a
field marshal in the British Army in 1941, and served in the
Imperial War Cabinet under
Winston Churchill . He was the only person to sign the peace treaties ending both the First and Second World Wars.
If there are dreams about a beautiful South Africa, there are also roads that lead to their goal. Two of these roads could be named Goodness and Forgiveness.
Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve
The Baviaanskloof - (Dutch for “Valley of Baboons”)
The following are images from various South Africa-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 Map of the black homelands in South Africa at the end of apartheid in 1994 (from
History of South Africa )
Image 2 Cecil John Rhodes, co-founder of De Beers Consolidated Mines at Kimberley (from
History of South Africa )
Image 3 Groot Constantia , the oldest
wine estate in South Africa, was founded in 1685 by
Simon van der Stel . The
South African wine industry (New World wine) is among the lasting legacy of the
VOC era . The recorded
economic history of South Africa began with the VOC period. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 5 Gateway to the
Castle of Good Hope , the oldest building in South Africa (from
Culture of South Africa )
Image 6 Meat on a traditional South African
braai (from
Culture of South Africa )
Image 7 Johannesburg before gold mining transformed it into a bustling modern city (from
History of South Africa )
Image 8 The rise of the Zulu Empire
under Shaka forced other chiefdoms and clans to flee across a wide area of southern Africa. Clans fleeing the Zulu war zone
included the
Soshangane ,
Zwangendaba ,
Ndebele ,
Hlubi ,
Ngwane , and the
Mfengu . Some clans were caught between the Zulu Empire and advancing
Voortrekkers and
British Empire such as the
Xhosa . (from
History of South Africa )
Image 9 Painting of the Sharpeville massacre of March 1960 (from
History of South Africa )
Image 10 Jan van Riebeeck , first Commander of the Dutch East India Company colony (from
History of South Africa )
Image 11 King
Cetshwayo (ca. 1875) (from
History of South Africa )
Image 14 Indian indentured labourers arriving in Durban (from
History of South Africa )
Image 15 The
Castle of Good Hope (
Kasteel de Goede Hoop in Dutch), Cape Town. Founded officially in 1652,
Kaapstad /Cape Town is the oldest
urban area in South Africa. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 16 View of
Table Bay with ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), c. 1683. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 17 Shaka Zulu in traditional
Zulu military garb (from
History of South Africa )
Image 19 Flag of the South African Republic , often referred to as the
Vierkleur (meaning four-coloured) (from
History of South Africa )
Image 20 Union Buildings , government administrative centre, Pretoria,
c. 1925 (from
History of South Africa )
Image 21 An array of traditional South African cuisine (from
Culture of South Africa )
Image 23 Regional geography during the period of the Anglo–Boer wars:
South African Republic /Transvaal
Orange Free State British
Cape Colony Natal Colony (from
History of South Africa )
Image 24 Statue of Bartolomeu Dias at the High Commission of South Africa in London. He was the first European navigator to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 25 Simon's Town harbour and naval base in South Africa were used by the Allies during World War II. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 26 An account of the first
trekboers (from
History of South Africa )
Image 27 Generals Smuts (right) and Botha were members of the British
Imperial War Cabinet during World War I. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 28 Church on
Greenmarket Square in Cape Town, South Africa with a banner memorialising the Marikana massacre (from
History of South Africa )
Image 29 The
British Empire is red on the map, at its territorial zenith in the late 1910s and early 1920s. (
India highlighted in purple.) South Africa, bottom centre, lies between both halves of the Empire. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 30 Boer
Voortrekkers depicted in an early artist's rendition (from
History of South Africa )
Image 31 Nicolaas Waterboer, Griqualand ruler, 1852–1896 (from
History of South Africa )
Image 32 Daniel François Malan , National Party leader from 1934 to 1953 (from
History of South Africa )
Image 33 The
statue of
Jan van Riebeeck , the founder of
Cape Town , in Heerengracht Street. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 34 King Moshoeshoe with his advisors (from
History of South Africa )
Image 35 "For use by white persons" – sign from the apartheid era (from
History of South Africa )
Image 36 Replica of an
East Indiaman of the
Dutch East India Company /
United East Indies Company (VOC). The Dutch East India Company was a major force behind the (c. 1590s–1720s) and
Netherlandish cartography (c. 1570s–1670s). (from
History of South Africa )
Image 37 Emily Hobhouse campaigned against the appalling conditions of the
British concentration camps in South Africa, thus influencing British public opinion against the war. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 38 Harry Smith (from
History of South Africa )
Image 39 Looking out over the floodplains of the Luvuvhu River (right) and the Limpopo River (far distance and left) (from
History of South Africa )
Image 40 Frederik W. de Klerk and
Nelson Mandela , two of the driving forces in ending apartheid (from
History of South Africa )
Image 43 Oracles of the Pink Universe by Simphiwe Ndzube, 2021 (from
Culture of South Africa )
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