The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (Georgian: ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო, romanized:kartl-k'akhetis samepo; 1762–1801) was created in 1762 by the unification of the two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti. From the early 16th century, according to the 1555 Peace of Amasya, these two kingdoms were under Iranian control. In 1744, Nader Shah granted the kingship of Kartli to Teimuraz II and that of Kakheti to his son Heraclius II, as a reward for their loyalty. When Nader Shah died in 1747, Teimuraz II and Heraclius II capitalized on the instability in Iran proper, and declared de facto independence. After Teimuraz II died in 1762, Heraclius succeeded him as ruler of Kartli, thus unifying the two kingdoms.
Heraclius was able, after centuries of Iranian suzerainty over Georgia, to guarantee the autonomy of his kingdom throughout the chaos that had erupted following Nader Shah's death. He became the new Georgian king of a politically united eastern Georgia for the first time in three centuries. Though Heraclius tendered his de jure submission to the newly established Zand dynasty quickly after the unification in 1762, the kingdom remained de facto autonomous for the next three decades to come. In 1783, Heraclius signed the Treaty of Georgievsk with the Russian Empire, by which he formally laid Kartli-Kakheti's investiture in the hands of the Russian monarch, and made the kingdom a Russian protectorate. Amongst others, this provided the nominal guarantee for protection against new Iranian attempts, or by any others, to (re)conquer or attack eastern Georgia. By the 1790s, a new strong Iranian dynasty, the Qajar dynasty, had emerged under Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, which would prove pivotal in the history of the short-lived kingdom. (Full article...)
Though ice hockey was first introduced to Georgia in the 1960s, the sport was never very popular and there were long stretches when it was not played at all. In 2004 the Georgian Ice Hockey Federation was established, and a domestic league began in 2007, allowing for the development of the national team and its entry into international competition in 2010, playing their first competitive matches in 2012. (Full article...)
Image 57A medieval illustration of the Georgian king George IV Lasha waging war against the Mongols in 1220. King George is shown in blue garment on a white horse holding a whip. A depiction from La Flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient by Hayton of Corycus. (from History of Georgia (country))
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Photos of the April 9, 1989 Massacre victims (mostly young women) on billboard in Tbilisi (from History of Georgia (country))
Dambalkhacho cheese. (from Georgian cuisine)
Prince Ilia Chavchavadze, leader of the Georgian national revival in the 1860s. (from History of Georgia (country))
19th century Georgian noble family: General Solomon Makashvili and family around 1900 (from History of Georgia (country))
Adjarian khachapuri. (from Georgian cuisine)
Churchkhela (from Georgian cuisine)
Bedia Cup of King Bagrat III of Georgia, 999 AD (from History of Georgia (country))
A plate of khinkali (from Georgian cuisine)
King Mirian III established Christianity in Georgia as the official state religion in 324. (from History of Georgia (country))
The construction of Svetitskhoveli Cathedral in Mtskheta, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was initiated in the 1020s by George I. (from History of Georgia (country))
Spinach pkhali (from Georgian cuisine)
A Tatar Fruiterer, 1910, Georgian National Museum (from Niko Pirosmani)
George III as depicted on a medieval fresco from Vardzia (from History of Georgia (country))
Kingdom of Diauehi. (from History of Georgia (country))
Members of the National Council of Georgia, after declaring independence of Georgia, Tbilisi May 26, 1918 (from History of Georgia (country))
Location of Georgia (including Abkhazia and South Ossetia) and the Russian part of North Caucasus. (from History of Georgia (country))
2nd century BC bronze torso from Western Georgia, displayed at the Georgian National Museum (from Culture of Georgia (country))
King Solomon I (from History of Georgia (country))
Prince Akaki Tsereteli, prominent Georgian poet and national liberation movement figure. (from History of Georgia (country))
Niko Pirosmani on a Georgian lari banknote of the 2002 series. (from Niko Pirosmani)
Chashushuli with bread and salad (from Georgian cuisine)
Red Army in Tbilisi (from History of Georgia (country))
Ceremonial crown of the Georgian high nobility, an example of metalwork from the early modern period (from Culture of Georgia (country))
King Erekle II (from History of Georgia (country))
Patera depicting Marcus Aurelius uncovered in central Georgia, 2nd century AD. (from History of Georgia (country))
Coronation of Demetrius I, a fresco from Matskhvarishi, 1140 (from History of Georgia (country))
A page from a 12th-century Gelati Gospel, an example of Georgian illuminated manuscripts from the Middle Ages (from Culture of Georgia (country))
British troops marching in Batumi, Georgia in 1920. Following World War I, Britain replaced German troops in Georgia (from History of Georgia (country))
Leaders of Georgian independence movement in late 1980s, Zviad Gamsakhurdia (left) and Merab Kostava (right) (from History of Georgia (country))
Nino Ananiashvili (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Details from Pirosmani's paintings Threshing and Fisherman in a Red Shirt on the 5 lari banknote of the 2017 series. (from Niko Pirosmani)
The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline project (from History of Georgia (country))
Monastery of Iviron, one of several monastic centers founded abroad by Georgians of the Early Middle Ages. (from History of Georgia (country))
Muraba made from walnut (from Georgian cuisine)
Kharcho (from Georgian cuisine)
Chakapuli (from Georgian cuisine)
Georgian SSR in 1957–1991, including Abkhazian Autonomous SSR, Adjara ASSR, and South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast. (from History of Georgia (country))
King David the Builder, one of Georgia's greatest kings. (from History of Georgia (country))
Ajapsandali (from Georgian cuisine)
Eduard Shevardnadze, second President of Georgia (1995–2003) (from History of Georgia (country))
Mikheil Saakashvili with George W. Bush. (from History of Georgia (country))
Kingdom of Lazica. (from History of Georgia (country))
Princess Ekaterine resisted Turkish encroachment in Western Georgia. (from History of Georgia (country))
Paolo Iashvili, a Georgian poet persecuted by the Soviet authorities (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Queen Tamar and her father King George III, fresco from Vardzia. (from History of Georgia (country))
Frescoes from the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, an example of Georgian medieval art depicting ships and monsters at sea. (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Wall Painting in Georgia's ancient monastery, Shio-Mghvime (from Culture of Georgia (country))
A medieval illustration of the Georgian king George IV Lasha waging war against the Mongols in 1220. King George is shown in blue garment on a white horse holding a whip. A depiction from La Flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient by Hayton of Corycus. (from History of Georgia (country))
Lobio (from Georgian cuisine)
Mother and Son by Niko Pirosmani (from Culture of Georgia (country))
President Zourabichvili (from History of Georgia (country))
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