Meʼen (also Mekan, Mieʼen, Mieken, Meqan, Men) is a Nilo-Saharan language (Eastern Sudanic, Surmic, Southeast Surmic[2]) spoken in Ethiopia by the Meʼen people. In recent years, it has been written with the Geʽez alphabet, but in 2007 a decision was made to use the Latin alphabet. Dialects include Bodi (Podi) and Tishena (Teshina, Teshenna).

Meʼen
Mɛʼɛn
Native toEthiopia
RegionEastern Africa
EthnicityMe'en
Native speakers
150,000 (2007 census)[1]
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3mym
Glottologmeen1242
ELPBodi

Meʼen and Kwegu are unique among Surmic languages in that they have ejective consonants.

Reliable descriptions of some parts of the language have been produced by Hans-Georg Will, often contradicting Carlo Conti Rossini's work, the editing of the extensive language notes of a non-linguist.

Phonology

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Consonants[3]
Bilabial Dental Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɡ
ejective tʃʼ
implosive ɓ ɗ
Fricative voiceless (f) s ʃ h
voiced z
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Rhotic ɾ
Glide w l j

/p/ can be realized as a fricative [f] in initial and medial positions.

Vowels[3]
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a

/i, u/ can have lax variants as [ɪ, ʊ].

Notes

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  1. ^ Ethiopia 2007 Census Archived 2010-11-14 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Peter Unseth. 1988. The Validity and Unity of the Southeast Surma Language Grouping. Northeast African Studies 10.2/3:151-163
  3. ^ a b Will, Hans-Georg (1993) Meʼen phonology

References

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  • Conti Rossini, Carlo. (1913). "I Mekan o Suro nell'Etiopia meridionale e il loro linguaggio." Rendiconti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei XXII (7-10): 397–463.
  • Diehl, Achim and Hans-Georg Will. (2007). "Meˀen language." In Siegbert Uhlig (ed.), Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 3, 907–909. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • Eba Teresa Garoma and Amanuel Raga Yadate. 2015. Sketch [of] Morphology and Syntax of Meʼenit. International Journal Advances in Social Science and Humanities Vol.3, Issue 7, pp. 30–50.
  • Will, Hans-Georg. 1989. "Sketch of Meʼen grammar." In M. Lionel Bender (ed.), Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics 129–50. Nilo-Saharan, 3. Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
  • Will, Hans-Georg. 1998. "The Meʼen verb system: Does Meʼen have tenses?." In Gerrit J. Dimmendaal and Marco Last (eds.), Surmic languages and cultures, 437–58. Nilo-Saharan, 13. Cologne: R. Köppe
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