MALAT1

MALAT 1 (metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) also known as NEAT2 (noncoding nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 2) is a large, infrequently spliced non-coding RNA, which is highly conserved amongst mammals and highly expressed in the nucleus. It regulates the expression of metastasis-associated genes. It also positively regulates cell motility via the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional regulation of motility-related genes. MALAT1 may play a role in temperature-dependent sex determination in the Red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta).

MALAT1
Identifiers
Aliases	MALAT1, HCN, LINC00047, MALAT-1, NCRNA00047, NEAT2, PRO2853, mascRNA, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-protein coding), metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
External IDs	OMIM: 607924; GeneCards: MALAT1; OMA:MALAT1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 11 (human) Band 11q13.1 Start 65,497,688 bp End 65,506,516 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in renal medulla trigeminal ganglion cardia corpus callosum pylorus seminal vesicula Achilles tendon external globus pallidus spinal ganglia Pars compacta n/a More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 378938 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000251562 n/a UniProt n a n/a RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 65.5 – 65.51 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Conserved secondary structure in Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of MALAT1
Identifiers
Symbol	MALAT1
Rfam	RF01871
Other data
RNA type	Gene;
Domain(s)	Eukaryota;
GO	GO:2000147
SO	SO:0001263
PDB structures	PDBe

Expression in alcoholic brains

Transcripts of MALAT1 are significantly increased in the cerebellum of human alcoholics, as well as in similar regions of rat brains after the withdrawal of ethanol vapours. This alcohol-induced upregulation of MALAT1 may be responsible for differential expression of a number of proteins which contribute to ethanol tolerance and dependency in humans.

Prognostic potential in cancer

Elevated MALAT1 expression is correlated with poor overall survival in various types of cancer, suggesting that this gene is a prognostic factor for different types of cancer.

See also

• Long non-coding RNA
• MALAT1-associated small cytoplasmic RNA

Further reading

• Guo F, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Li Y, Li G (March 2010). "Inhibition of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 in CaSki human cervical cancer cells suppresses cell proliferation and invasion". Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica. 42 (3): 224–229. doi:10.1093/abbs/gmq008. PMID 20213048.
• Ji Q, Liu X, Fu X, Zhang L, Sui H, Zhou L, Sun J, Cai J, Qin J, Ren J, Li Q (Nov 2013). "Resveratrol inhibits invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via MALAT1 mediated Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78700. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878700J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078700. PMC 3823921. PMID 24244343.
• Tseng JJ, Hsieh YT, Hsu SL, Chou MM (November 2009). "Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 is up-regulated in placenta previa increta/percreta and strongly associated with trophoblast-like cell invasion in vitro". Molecular Human Reproduction. 15 (11): 725–731. doi:10.1093/molehr/gap071. PMID 19690017.
• van Asseldonk M, Schepens M, de Bruijn D, Janssen B, Merkx G, Geurts van Kessel A (May 2000). "Construction of a 350-kb sequence-ready 11q13 cosmid contig encompassing the markers D11S4933 and D11S546: mapping of 11 genes and 3 tumor-associated translocation breakpoints". Genomics. 66 (1): 35–42. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6194. PMID 10843802.
• Koshimizu TA, Fujiwara Y, Sakai N, Shibata K, Tsuchiya H (March 2010). "Oxytocin stimulates expression of a noncoding RNA tumor marker in a human neuroblastoma cell line". Life Sciences. 86 (11–12): 455–460. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2010.02.001. PMID 20149803.
• Guru SC, Agarwal SK, Manickam P, Olufemi SE, Crabtree JS, Weisemann JM, Kester MB, Kim YS, Wang Y, Emmert-Buck MR, Liotta LA, Spiegel AM, Boguski MS, Roe BA, Collins FS, Marx SJ, Burns L, Chandrasekharappa SC (July 1997). "A transcript map for the 2.8-Mb region containing the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 locus". Genome Research. 7 (7): 725–735. doi:10.1101/gr.7.7.725. PMC 310681. PMID 9253601.
• Tripathi V, Ellis JD, Shen Z, Song DY, Pan Q, Watt AT, Freier SM, Bennett CF, Sharma A, Bubulya PA, Blencowe BJ, Prasanth SG, Prasanth KV (September 2010). "The nuclear-retained noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates alternative splicing by modulating SR splicing factor phosphorylation". Molecular Cell. 39 (6): 925–938. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.08.011. PMC 4158944. PMID 20797886.
• Kuiper RP, Schepens M, Thijssen J, van Asseldonk M, van den Berg E, Bridge J, Schuuring E, Schoenmakers EF, van Kessel AG (July 2003). "Upregulation of the transcription factor TFEB in t(6;11)(p21;q13)-positive renal cell carcinomas due to promoter substitution". Human Molecular Genetics. 12 (14): 1661–1669. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg178. PMID 12837690.
• Yamada K, Kano J, Tsunoda H, Yoshikawa H, Okubo C, Ishiyama T, Noguchi M (February 2006). "Phenotypic characterization of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus". Cancer Science. 97 (2): 106–112. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00147.x. PMID 16441420. S2CID 25815889.
• Wilusz JE, Freier SM, Spector DL (November 2008). "3′ end processing of a long nuclear-retained noncoding RNA yields a tRNA-like cytoplasmic RNA". Cell. 135 (5): 919–932. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.012. PMC 2722846. PMID 19041754.
• Ji P, Diederichs S, Wang W, Böing S, Metzger R, Schneider PM, Tidow N, Brandt B, Buerger H, Bulk E, Thomas M, Berdel WE, Serve H, Müller-Tidow C (September 2003). "MALAT-1, a novel noncoding RNA, and thymosin beta4 predict metastasis and survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer". Oncogene. 22 (39): 8031–8041. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206928. PMID 12970751. S2CID 34070842.
• Miyagawa R, Tano K, Mizuno R, Nakamura Y, Ijiri K, Rakwal R, Shibato J, Masuo Y, Mayeda A, Hirose T, Akimitsu N (April 2012). "Identification of cis- and trans-acting factors involved in the localization of MALAT-1 noncoding RNA to nuclear speckles". RNA. 18 (4): 738–751. doi:10.1261/rna.028639.111. PMC 3312561. PMID 22355166.

External links

• OMIM page for MALAT1
• HGNC page for MALAT1 Archived 2013-09-17 at the Wayback Machine
• Page for Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 at Rfam
• Relevance of MALAT1 in single-cell RNA sequencing data