Kalagan is an Austronesian dialect cluster of the Davao Region of Mindanao in the Philippines. It is also spoken in a few parts of Caraga, still in Mindanao.

Kalagan
Native toPhilippines
RegionMindanao (Davao Region and a few parts in Caraga)
EthnicityKalagan people (or "Caragans" or "Caragas")
Native speakers
160,000 (2000–2002)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
kqe – Kalagan
kll – Kagan Kalagan
klg – Tagakaulu Kalagan
Glottologwest2552

Distribution

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Ethnologue lists the following locations for Kalagan.

Kalagan dialects are:

Other dialects include the Kagan Kalagan which is spoken near Digos in Davao del Sur Province where there are 6,000 speakers, and the Tagakaulo which is spoken mainly in Davao del Sur Province (western shore of Davao Gulf, from Digos south to Bugis and inland), Sarangani Province (Malungon Municipality), and also in Sultan Kudarat (Columbio municipality) and South Cotabato (Tampakan) provinces.

Phonology

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Consonants

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Labial Dental/
Alveolar
Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t k ʔ
voiced b d ɡ
Nasal m n ŋ
Fricative s
Rhotic (ɾ)
Lateral l
Approximant w j
  • /d/ can have an allophone of [ɾ] in intervocalic positions.

Vowels

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Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Mid ɛ
Open a
  • /ɨ/ can be heard as [ə] in word-final stressed syllables when preceding /ʔ/.
  • /i, a/ can be heard as [ɪ, ʌ] in closed syllables.
  • /ɛ/ is heard as [æ] when after /m/.
  • /u/ is heard as [o] in word-final position.[2]

References

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  1. ^ Kalagan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Kagan Kalagan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Tagakaulu Kalagan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Wendel, Asa & Dag (1978). Kaagan-Kalagan phonemic statement. Studies in Philippine Linguistics 2. pp. 191–203.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)