Wikipedia

Queens Museum

The Queens Museum (formerly the Queens Museum of Art) is an art museum and educational center at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in the borough of Queens in New York City, New York, U.S. Established in 1972, the museum has among its permanent exhibitions the Panorama of the City of New York, a room-sized scale model of the five boroughs originally built for the 1964 New York World's Fair. It also has a large archive of artifacts from both the 1939 and 1964 World's Fairs, a selection of which is on display. As of 2018, Queens Museum's director is Sally Tallant.

Queens Museum
Map
Established1972[1]
LocationFlushing Meadows–Corona Park, Queens, New York 11368
Coordinates40°44′45″N 73°50′48″W / 40.74583°N 73.84667°W / 40.74583; -73.84667
TypeArt museum[2]
DirectorSally Tallant[3]
Public transit access
Websitewww.queensmuseum.org

The museum's building was constructed for the 1939 New York World's Fair as the New York City Pavilion. The structure was used as an ice-skating and roller-skating rink during the 1940s and 1950s, except when it housed the United Nations General Assembly from 1946 to 1951. The building also served as the New York City Pavilion for the 1964 World's Fair and was preserved following the fair. The museum opened in the northern part of the building in November 1972. The museum was renovated in the late 1970s, during which a community gallery was added; another renovation in the 1990s added an entrance from the east. The museum was expanded significantly in the 2010s, during which the ice rink was closed. and another expansion was announced in the 2020s.

History

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Early building use

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1939 World's Fair

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The Queens Museum is located in the New York City Pavilion at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park,[4] designed by architect Aymar Embury II for the 1939 World's Fair.[4][5] The city pavilion was the second-largest structure at the fair, after the United States pavilion.[5] The city pavilion originally stood next to the Trylon and Perisphere, the central monument of the 1939 fair (the site became the Unisphere in 1964).[6] After two policemen were killed in 1940 while attempting to defuse a bomb nearby, a memorial plaque was installed on the New York City Pavilion.[7]

United Nations and skating rink

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The rink

The New York City Building was one of seven structures at Flushing Meadows to be preserved following the 1939 fair.[8][a] Within days of the fair's closure in October 1940, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation had requested $25,000 from the New York City Board of Estimate to convert the building to an ice rink.[9] The building was divided into a roller skating rink to the north and an ice-skating rink to the south.[10][11] The roller rink measured 150 by 120 feet (46 by 37 m), while the ice rink measured 168 by 120 feet (51 by 37 m)[11] and could be used for other sports such as basketball and tennis.[12] The rinks opened on January 12, 1941,[13] as the park's first sporting facility.[11] Skaters had to pay an admission fee, and spectators were also charged a fee after late 1941.[14] The rinks recorded 150,000 total visitors in their first three months[15] and 1.4 million total visitors in five years.[16]

The United Nations was planning a permanent headquarters during the 1940s.[17] While the organization was deciding on a permanent headquarters, UN Secretary-General Trygve Lie decided in April 1946 to use the New York City Pavilion as a meeting hall for the United Nations General Assembly.[18] The city and UN agreed to spend $2.27 million to renovate the pavilion and environs,[19] and workers began renovations in May 1946.[10][20] A wall was built between the northern and southern halves of the building, and an auditorium and small annex was built in the northern half.[10] The southern half was converted to space for air conditioning equipment.[20] Workers also planted a flower garden at the site of the Trylon and Perisphere, in addition to 1,000 trees, 2,500 shrubs, and 200,000 other plants around the building. In addition, nearby roads were upgraded.[10] Early plans called for the General Assembly to use the building for only six months; the building would have continued to function as a roller-skating and ice-skating rink afterward.[21]

Once the renovations were completed, the UN took over the building that September,[22] and a formal ceremony was hosted on October 18, 1946.[23] Later that year, the UN decided to build its permanent headquarters in Manhattan, and the UN was allowed to stay at the New York City Pavilion until the Manhattan headquarters was finished.[24] Numerous significant events occurred at the New York City Pavilion in the UN's early years, including the creation of UNICEF, the partition of Korea,[25] and the authorization of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine (during which Israel was created).[7][25] The UN renewed its lease of the building in late 1947.[26] The pavilion was the temporary home of the General Assembly until October 20, 1951,[27] and the General Assembly met in Manhattan afterward.[28]

After the UN vacated the space, contractors converted the building back into a rink as part of a $237,000 renovation.[29] A 116-by-150-foot (35 by 46 m) wooden roller-skating rink and a 116-by-178-foot (35 by 54 m) ice rink were added,[30] and ramps and public announcement systems were also installed.[16][30] The rink reopened on October 18, 1952,[31] and was renovated again in mid-1953.[32] To celebrate the New York City Pavilion's usage as a temporary General Assembly hall, the building was depicted in a stamp released by the United Nations in 1958.[33] By the 1960s, it was one of two major structures in Flushing Meadows Park that remained from the 1939 fair, the other being Billy Rose's Aquacade.[34]

1964 World's Fair

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The eastern facade of the New York City Building

The Flushing Meadows site was selected in 1959 for the 1964 New York World's Fair.[35] Gilmore David Clarke and Michael Rapuano, who had redesigned the park for the 1939 World's Fair, were retained to tailor the park layout for the new fair.[36][37] New York City parks commissioner Robert Moses was appointed as president of the World's Fair Corporation, which was to operate the fair.[38] Moses decided to reuse the New York City Building as the city's exhibition space during the 1964 World's Fair.[39] Almost all of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park was closed in early 1961 in advance of the fair, except for the New York City Building's ice skating rink.[40] In June 1961, the New York City Board of Estimate awarded a contract for the construction of the Panorama of the City of New York, a scale model of New York City within the City Building.[41][42] The city government announced in 1962 that it would spend $832,500 to renovate the building's skating rink.[43] The architect Daniel Chait was hired to renovate the City Building.[44] Moses requested $1.066 million for the building's renovation in June 1962,[45] and the Board of Estimate ultimately approved $2 million in funding.[46] In mid-1963, two figure-skating companies were selected to perform at the City Building as part of a show called Dick Button's Ice-Travaganza.[47][48]

The New York City Building was formally rededicated on April 25, 1964,[49] two days after the 1964 World's Fair opened.[50] Tickets to the ice-skating show ranged from $1 to $2,[51] while tickets for simulated helicopter rides above the Panorama cost 10 cents apiece.[52] The main attraction in the building was the Panorama of the City of New York, which had cost the city $600,000 and taken two years to construct.[52][53] The building's ice rink was equipped with a ski run,[48][54] in addition to six movable stages and 12 stationary stages.[47][48] Memorabilia and artworks from 34 museums were displayed inside the building to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the British conquest of New Netherland,[55][56] and a film displayed the history of the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA).[55] Radio station WNYC also moved much of its broadcasting operations to the City Building during the 1964 World's Fair. A replica of a New York City Police Department precinct was added to the building.[57]

During the 1964 season, there were rarely any queues to get inside the City Building.[58] The Panorama was initially relatively unpopular with visitors,[59] but it ultimately recorded an average of 1,400 visitors a day.[60] Dick Button's Ice-Travaganza was also unsuccessful, despite the building's central location within the World's Fair grounds.[61] The New York City Building operated until the end of the 1964 World's Fair on October 1965.[62] From the outset, Moses planned to preserve the New York City Building after the 1964 World's Fair,[63][64] and the World's Fair Corporation set aside funding for the building's renovation at the end of the fair.[65] The initial plans called for the Panorama to be moved from the building to the Civic Center of Manhattan,[66][67] allowing the City Building to be used as a skating rink.[66][68] Moses subsequently offered to have the TBTA take responsibility for the Panorama.[69] The City Building was one of the few buildings to remain from the 1964 fair, along with the Unisphere, Singer Bowl, New York State and U.S. pavilions, and the Hall of Science.[70] In 1967, the city government took over the surrounding park.[71]

Late 20th century

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Creation of museum

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Seen from the north

After the TBTA moved out of the New York City Pavilion,[72] city parks commissioner August Heckscher II announced in November 1971 that part of the New York City Pavilion would be converted into Queens' first art museum.[73][74] Heckscher organized a board of 14 trustees,[74] and the city government provided $100,000 for the museum.[73] During mid-1972, the mechanical systems for the building's skating rink were refurbished, and part of the building was renovated to accommodate the museum.[75] A local group, the Flushing Meadows Corona Park World's Fair Association, also asked the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission to conduct a historical study of the New York City Pavilion.[76] Queens borough president Donald Manes announced in July 1972 that the Queens County Art and Cultural Center had been established at the New York City Pavilion.[77] The museum opened on November 12, 1972, with Clare Fisher as the museum's first director.[72][78] The writer Lawrence R. Samuel wrote that the building's conversion into a museum helped to raise Flushing Meadows Park's profile,[79] and The New York Times described the museum as "a primary force in [the] renaissance of the arts" in Queens.[80]

Originally, the Queens County Art and Cultural Center occupied 50,000 square feet (4,600 m2), and two-fifths of the museum's space was taken up by the Panorama.[72] There was only about 10,000 square feet (930 m2) of actual display space, which meant that the museum had to close every time a temporary exhibit was being added or replaced. The museum had four to five school groups per day, though nearly as many school groups had to be denied admission to the lack of space.[81] The museum's main entrance was at the northern end of the New York City Pavilion building, while the ice-skating rink occupied the structure's southern half.[82] The museum's collection also had no clear focus; according to a 1991 New York Times article, many visitors assumed the Queens Museum was a history museum or knew only about its Panorama.[83] Shortly after the museum opened, the city allocated $140,000 for additional upgrades to the New York City Pavilion,[78] which was later increased to $317,000.[84] The ice-skating rink continued to operate five days a week.[85]

Mid-1970s to 1980s

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The Queens County Art and Cultural Center changed its name to the Queens Museum in late 1973.[86] The board of trustees fired Fisher as the museum director that year,[84] following disagreements over policy.[87] Kenneth Kahn was hired to replace Fisher in 1974.[84][87] The museum's eight employees subsequently expressed dissatisfaction with the lack of personnel guidance from the board of trustees,[88][89] and the staff sought to restructure the museum.[90] Kahn alleged in early 1975 that the trustees were "a closed corporation, representing a narrow spectrum of the community".[91] The Friends of the Queens Museum, a volunteer group for the museum, suspended its operations to protest the trustees' actions.[92] The museum's board of trustees fired Kahn in February 1975,[93][94] along with the museum's administrator Betty Miller the next month.[84][95] Several trustees also resigned,[84][96] and the museum's staff took over the museum's gift shop from the Friends group.[92] Kahn later sued several trustees, claiming that they had broken a contract and slandered him.[97]

Thomas Hoving, the Metropolitan Museum of Art's director, was hired as the museum's interim director in March 1975,[93][98] and the dissent surrounding the museum subsided.[96] Blanche Taub, the leader of the Friends, was also elected to the museum's board of trustees,[99] and the board itself was replaced shortly thereafter.[100] Amid the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis, the city reneged on a $350,000 grant that it had offered to the museum's staff for a renovation of the building.[101] It took more than two years before a permanent director was hired.[102] Janet Schneider was hired as the museum's executive director in February 1978.[102][103] The New York City Council provided more than $500,000 for an expansion of the Queens Museum shortly afterward, which would add over 20,000 square feet (1,900 m2) of exhibition space.[81][102] The Queens Museum's Community Gallery opened in September 1979 as an exhibit space for the local community.[104][105] The Queens Museum also began visiting local groups in an attempt to increase residents' involvement with the museum.[105] Schneider resigned in 1989 after twelve years as the museum's director. At the time, the museum was planning a $14 million expansion.[106]

1990s renovations

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In the early 1990s, the museum received $13.5 million from the city government for a renovation of the New York City Pavilion, even as other funding to the museum was reduced.[107] Queens Museum officials began renovating the museum building in June 1991, and the museum's name was lengthened from "Queens Museum" to "Queens Museum of Art".[83][108] The architect Rafael Viñoly reconfigured the structure into galleries, classrooms, and offices.[4][109] A new entrance and galleries were built to the east, facing the Unisphere.[82][110] In addition, a ramp was constructed between the upper and lower levels of the museum.[82] The Panorama, the museum's sole permanent exhibit, was removed so workers could update it.[111] During the renovation, the museum recorded fewer visitors, in part because the Panorama was temporarily removed and because the existing exhibits did not appeal to the increasingly ethnically diverse residents of Queens.[112] The museum reopened in late 1994;[83] the renovation had cost $15 million.[113]

21st century

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First phase of expansion

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The museum's rebuilt western facade

In August 2001, the Queens Museum of Art hosted an architectural design competition for a proposed renovation of its building;[114] the museum hired Eric Owen Moss to design the expansion that December.[115][116] The plans called for the relocation of the ice skating rink in the southern end of the New York City Building,[115] as well as a bent-glass roof, an exhibition space at the center of the structure, and a dirt mound facing Grand Central Parkway to the west.[114] Architectural critics derided Moss's original design,[117][118] which museum officials later voted to scale down.[114] Tom Finkelpearl was hired as the museum's director in 2002.[119] Finkelpearl was advocating for changes to the museum's renovation plans by late 2004.[114] Accordingly, Moss was replaced in March 2005 by Grimshaw Architects.[117][120] Grimshaw announced revised designs for the expansion the next year.[121] At the time, the renovation was supposed to cost $37 million,[121][122] of which $21 million came from the Queens borough president's office.[121]

The museum began an expansion project in 2009.[123] Grimshaw Architects, along with the engineering firm of Ammann & Whitney, developed plans for 50,000 square feet (4,600 m2) of exhibition, education and office space as well as eight new artist studios.[123] The new space would be created on the site of the old ice skating rink.[122] The ice rink was relocated to a new facility in the northeastern section of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park.[109] and the interior of the ice rink was demolished by the beginning of 2010.[124] The project ultimately ended up costing $69 million.[109][125] The expanded museum reopened in November 2013 with a new entrance at Grand Central Parkway.[109][126] After it reopened, the museum shortened its name to Queens Museum.[125]

Leadership changes and second phase of expansion

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Attractions and geographical features of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park
 
 
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Attractions and geographical features of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park:
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Citi Field
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Flushing Meadows Carousel and Queens Zoo
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Flushing Meadows Corona Park Aquatics Center
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Flushing River and Creek
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Meadow Lake
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Mets–Willets Point (LIRR and subway stations)
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National Tennis Center
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New York Hall of Science
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New York State Pavilion and Queens Theatre
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Queens Botanical Garden
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Queens Museum
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Unisphere
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Willow Lake
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World's Fair station (demolished)

Finkelpearl resigned in 2014 when he was hired as commissioner of the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs.[127] Subsequently, the Queens Museum appointed Laura Raicovich as its director that October.[128] The New York Times wrote that, in contrast to other museum directors (who tended to be politically uninvolved), Raicovich was politically outspoken during her tenure as the Queens Museum's director; Raicovich said her actions were intended to make the museum more attractive to Queens' diverse population.[129] In September 2016, the Queens Museum was unexpectedly closed due to security restrictions for events at the nearby Grandstand Stadium for the US Open tennis competition;[130] the closures took place again during the 2017 US Open.[131] During the inauguration of Donald Trump as U.S. president in January 2017, the museum closed temporarily in conjunction with a protest hosted by artists. The museum also began hosting events at nearby houses and streets. Raicovich told the Times that these events had been intended to counter a decline in visitor numbers that occurred after Trump's election.[129]

In 2017, the museum controversially[132] canceled an agreement to rent space for a party celebrating the 70th anniversary of the Israeli Declaration of Independence.[133][134] Raicovich had called the party a "political event".[135] Local politicians worked to restore the museum's commitment to host the event,[135][136] which was ultimately reinstated at the museum.[132][134] The event included a staged reenactment of the November 29, 1947, United Nations vote to partition the British Mandate for Palestine.[137] As a consequence of the controversy, the Queens Museum's board commissioned an investigation into misbehaviors by Raicovich and deputy director David Strauss.[138] Raicovich resigned in January 2018,[139] and Strauss was fired.[138] The British curator Sally Tallant was hired as the museum's new director in late 2018.[3]

The Queens Museum was closed temporarily from March to September 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.[140][141] The city government gave the museum $26.4 million in September 2021 to complete the second phase of its expansion.[142][143] In mid-2022, the museum hired Levenbetts to design the renovation, which museum officials predicted would cost $69 million.[144][145] The project would create a children's museum wing; add 2,600 square feet (240 m2) of storage space; build a 5,500-square-foot (510 m2) art lab; and add classrooms, conservation, and exhibit preparation spaces.[142] The project was to involve repairing the south facade as well.[144] The city allocated another $8.5 million for the children's museum space in August 2023.[146]

Building

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The museum building covers 105,000 square feet (9,800 m2) following the 2013 renovation.[126][147] The building includes exhibit spaces, event spaces, artists' studios, a cafe, and an atrium.[126] There is a 200-foot-wide (61 m), 27-foot-tall (8.2 m) glass wall on the western facade of the museum building.[147] The glass facade consists of fritted glass panels interspersed with aluminum panels. At night, the facade is illuminated by LED lights that are visible from Grand Central Parkway immediately to the west.[148] Prior to the 2013 renovation, the building had no main entrance; thus, many visitors to Flushing Meadows–Corona Park did not know of the museum's existence.[114] The eastern end of the building has a set of revolving doors embedded within a 30-foot-tall (9.1 m) curtain wall, which in turn is recessed behind a colonnade.[82]

The structure is one of five buildings that survive from the 1939 World's Fair. The other structures include a boathouse and an administration building in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park; the Parachute Jump on Coney Island; and the Belgian Building at Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia.[149]

Collections and exhibits

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Permanent collection

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The museum's permanent collection includes 10,000 items related to the 1939 and 1964 World's Fairs.[150] As of 2013, about 900 World's Fair objects are on permanent display.[126] Acquisitions over the years have included works by Salvador Dalí[151] and Mark Dion.[152]

Panorama of the City of New York

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Main article: Panorama of the City of New York
 
The repeatedly updated Panorama of the City of New York, as it appeared in 2011

The largest permanent exhibition at the Queens Museum is the Panorama of the City of New York, which was constructed by Lester Associates for the 1964 World's Fair.[41][42] A celebration of the city's municipal infrastructure, this 9,335-square-foot (867.2 m2) architectural model[153] includes almost every building that existed in all five boroughs in 1992, at a 1:1200 scale.[154] One hundred employees from Raymond Lester Associates built the model in three years.[154] The model was constructed in 273 sections.[60][155] The panorama depicts 895,000 individual structures,[153][60] which are made of plastic or wood.[60] All of the bridges are made of brass.[60] The section showing the Far Rockaway neighborhood was never installed due to space limitations.[154]

After the Fair closed, the Panorama remained open to the public, and Lester's team updated the map in 1967, 1968, and 1969.[154] After 1970, very few changes were made until 1992, when again Lester Associates was hired to update the model, adding over 60,000 structures.[154] In March 2009, the museum announced that it would allow people to donate at least $50 to have accurate scale models created and added.[154] The mechanical "helicopter" vehicles for conveying exhibition visitors were showing signs of wear, and were removed before the 1994 reopening.[154] The Panorama has also hosted temporary exhibits, such as models of unbuilt structures the 2018 exhibit Never Built New York.[156]

The current installation, dating to a 1990s renovation of the museum by Rafael Viñoly, features accessible ramps and an elevated walkway which surround the Panorama.[154] Since 2023, the museum has also allowed visitors to look at individual structures in the Panorama.[155]

Relief Map of the New York City Water Supply System

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The museum also displays the Relief Map of the New York City Water Supply System, which measures 18 by 30 feet (5.5 by 9.1 m) across, with a total area of 540 square feet (50 m2).[157] The map is a scale model of the New York City water supply system and watershed. Tunnels and reservoirs are marked by lights that are placed across the map.[158] The map is divided into 27 panels so it can be easily disassembled.[157][158]

The Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity (a predecessor to the New York City Department of Environmental Protection) commissioned the Cartographic Survey Force of the Works Progress Administration to create the map for the 1939 World's Fair.[159] Work began in 1938, with a budget of $100,000 (equivalent to $2,190,000 in 2023), but it was not displayed at the 1939 fair.[157][159] The reason for this is variously attributed to World War II-era security concerns and the map's large area.[158] The map was displayed at Grand Central Palace in 1948, the only time in the 20th century that it was publicly displayed.[157][158] For the rest of the century, the map remained in storage and experienced dust and water damage.[157] The map was restored by the McKay Lodge Fine Arts Conservation Lab in Oberlin, Ohio, between 2006 and 2008, then displayed at the Queens Museum.[157][158]

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Located on the second floor of the Queens Museum, this exhibit displays memorabilia from both the 1939 and 1964 World's Fairs. The online catalog contains over 10,000 items in total from both fairs.[160][161]

Non-permanent collection

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Neustadt Collection of Tiffany Glass

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A lamp from the Tiffany collection

Since 1995, the museum has maintained a partnership with the Neustadt Collection of Tiffany Glass.[162][163] Selections from the collection are on long-term display, drawn from a large private Tiffany collection assembled by Dr. Egon Neustadt and his wife Hildegard starting in the mid-1930s.[162] Most of the collection is kept in storage in Long Island City and is not on public view.[164] The history of the creation of Tiffany's artworks is featured in the Queens Museum exhibitions, as Tiffany Studios and Furnaces was once located in Corona, which were closed in the 1930s.[165][166]

Temporary exhibits

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The museum also stages temporary exhibits regularly.[167] In its first decade, the museum staged eight to ten temporary exhibits annually.[81] The museum's first-ever exhibition was a set of 19th-century landscapes from the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[72][78] The topics of other exhibits in the 1970s included works by Joseph Cornell,[168] animals in art,[169] historical representations of cows,[170] sports-themed art,[171] the history of Queens,[172] and items from the 1939 and 1964 fairs.[173] In addition, local artists' work was displayed at the museum every year.[80][174] This was followed in the 1980s by exhibits about American art films,[175] and Spanish gold artifacts.[176] By the late 1980s, the museum displayed about 15 exhibits a year.[106]

Exhibits in the 2000s included photographs, such as a 2000 showcase of crime scene photographs from the Daily News Archive[177] and a 2007 exhibit of photographs of Robert Moses's work by Andrew Moore.[178] In 2003, the museum displayed nearly 1,000 drawings by the court reporter and political cartoonist William Sharp.[179] When the museum reopened after the COVID-19 pandemic, it hosted exhibitions about the concept of home, the photographer Bruce Davidson, and children's art.[180]

Programs and outreach

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Seniors at an educational program

The Queens Museum has run numerous outreach programs for the surrounding community.[181] In the 1970s, it offered a free art program for local youth.[182] During the COVID-19 pandemic closure, the Queens Museum organized a food pantry for residents of the surrounding neighborhood.[140][142] The museum launched an activist program for teens, the Queens Teens Institute for Art and Social Justice, in 2023.[183]

It has also been involved in community projects. These have included the restoration of Corona Plaza, a public plaza near the New York City Subway's 103rd Street–Corona Plaza station, in the early 21st century.[181]

Operation

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Management

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The museum is operated by the Queens Museum of Art, which is classified as a 501(c)(3) organization since 1972.[184][185] As of 2018, Queens Museum's director is Sally Tallant.[3] In the 1970s, the Queens Museum was part of the Flushing Arts Council, a group of Flushing cultural institutions that also included Flushing Town Hall and Queens Botanical Garden.[186]

Attendance and funding

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The museum accommodated 100,000 annual visitors in the 1980s,[106] a number that had grown to 200,000 by the 2010s.[187] Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the museum accommodated 30,000 students annually.[187] In 2020, the Queens Museum made admission free for all visitors.[188] The museum instead operates on a pay what you want model.[189][190]

When the museum opened, it sold annual memberships. Members received regular newsletters and bulletins, and the museum also hosted member-only events and exhibition previews.[191] As of 2024, the Queens Museum sells four tiers of memberships, and the museum hosts member-only publications, events, and exhibition previews.[192] The Queens Museum is also part of the Culture Pass program, whose members can enter for free.[193]

In the 1970s, the museum's annual operating budget totaled $150,000, of which four-fifths came from the New York City government.[84] The budget grew steadily during the 1970s and 1980s, reaching $2 million by 1989.[106] During the 1990s, the museum had an operating budget of $1.8 million, and seven-tenths of the budget was funded by the city or other public sources.[112] For the fiscal year ending on June 30, 2022, the Queens Museum recorded total revenue of $6.38 million, expenses of $6.59 million, assets of $36.6 million, and liabilities of $364,000.[185]

See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ The other six were the Aquacade amphitheater, B.F. Goodrich pavilion, House of Jewels, Masterpieces of Art building, Japanese pavilion, and Polish pavilion's tower.[8]

Citations

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  1. ^ "Building History". Queens Museum of Art. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2015.
  2. ^ "Queens Museum of Art: About". ARTINFO. 2008. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
  3. ^ a b c Parry, Bill (November 5, 2018). "Queens Museum names Sally Tallant as new president and executive director". QNS. Archived from the original on May 19, 2024. Retrieved May 19, 2024; "Sally Tallant heads to New York's Queens Museum". ArtReview. November 8, 2018. Archived from the original on May 19, 2024. Retrieved May 19, 2024; Pogrebin, Robin (November 5, 2018). "Queens Museum Looks to Liverpool for New Director". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 19, 2024. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
  4. ^ a b c "Queens Museum Today". Queens Museum of Art. Archived from the original on November 15, 2013. Retrieved March 18, 2009.
  5. ^ a b Spiegel, Irving (April 12, 1946). "U.N. Debate to Ring in Skating Heaven; Long Island Sites Chosen Yesterday by the United Nations". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  6. ^ "Plus Ça Change" (PDF). Progressive Architecture. Vol. 42, no. 3. March 1961. p. 64. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 26, 2021. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
  7. ^ a b Peck, Richard (October 21, 1973). "In Flushing Meadows The Glitter Is Gone But Hope Still Flourishes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 17, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
  8. ^ a b MacGregor, Donald (October 20, 1940). "Taking the World's Fair Apart: the Last Visitor Walks Out. The Wreckers Stalk in -- to Turn a World of Fantasy Into a Playground for All Time". New York Herald Tribune. p. SM8. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247324294; Loeb, August (October 27, 1940). "Fine Park From Fair; Flushing Meadow's New Play Area Will Be 'Second to None'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  9. ^ "Moses Gardeners Ready for Fair JOB; Crew of 75 From NYA to Start Transplanting of Shrubbery Given by Exhibitors". The New York Times. October 28, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d "Work Is Begun On U.N.'s Home At World's Fair: Skating Rink Will Become Lavish Hall in 90 Days; 100-Acre Park Planned Work Begins on the New United Nations Site". New York Herald Tribune. May 7, 1946. p. 5. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1284518724.
  11. ^ a b c "The City Smooths Way for More Recreation at the World's Fair: Skating Rinks Open Sunday at Fair Grounds Mayor to Join Ceremony for Flushing Meadow's First Recreational Unit". New York Herald Tribune. January 10, 1941. p. 17. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1263415458.
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