Portal:Finland

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The Finland Portal

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland covers an area of 338,145 square kilometres (130,559 sq mi) and has a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish, of which 84.9 percent and 5.1 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of the Swedish Empire as a result of the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became a Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous state ruled by the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and the idea of full independence began to take hold. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant universal suffrage, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Finland declared its full independence. In 1918 the young nation was divided by the Finnish Civil War. During World War II, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War, and later against Nazi Germany in the Lapland War. As a result, it lost parts of its territory but retained its independence. (Full article...)

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W:m Crichton & C:o Ab is a former engineering and shipbuilding company that operated in Turku, Grand Duchy of Finland in 1842–1913. The company also had another shipyard in Okhta, Saint Petersburg.

The company was founded as Cowie & Eriksson. At the beginning it produced steam engines, boilers and other engineering products. William Crichton became owner in 1862 and the company was named W:m Crichton & C:o The first shipbuilding slipway was constructed in 1864. The company became the biggest employer of Turku after acquiring the nearby yard Åbo Skeppswarf in 1883. (Full article...)

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Photo credit: commons:User:Joonasl
Sun setting over Lake Päijänne at Sysmä, Finland. On the right is Päijätsalo island which is part of the Päijätsalo nature park.

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that the Finnish 7th Division was formed in 1940 by renumbering another unit to make it appear to the Soviets that it had been replaced with fresh troops?
... that Turku remained the largest city in Finland after three quarters of it burned down?
... that Finnish-American model Selene Mahri married three millionaires and is credited with inventing the saying "Marriage is a question of give and take. You give. I take"?
... that Kuappi in Iisalmi, Finland, holds the Guinness world record for the smallest restaurant?
... that the 1992 documentary film Daddy and the Muscle Academy, which focuses on the life of gay erotic artist Tom of Finland, has been broadcast on Finnish television multiple times?
... that Kimmo Leinonen helped establish both the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame and the IIHF Hall of Fame?

WikiProjects

You are invited to participate in Finland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Finland.

More did you know - show different entries

...that according to Lapsiporno.info, a blacklist of websites compiled by the Finnish National Bureau of Investigation included those containing legal pornography?
...that Ismo Alanko Säätiö's accordionist Kimmo Pohjonen has been dubbed the "Jimi Hendrix of the accordion" by the Finnish music press?
...that the Christmas carol Personent hodie, first published in the 1582 Finnish song book Piae Cantiones, is thought to be a parody of a 12th-century carol?
...that Anssi Koivuranta is leading the 2008–09 Nordic Combined World Cup right now?
...that the Finnish tango is an established variation of the Argentine tango and one of the most enduring and popular music forms in Finland?

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This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

The National Coalition Party (NCP; Finnish: Kansallinen Kokoomus [ˈkɑnsɑlːinen ˈkokoːmus], Kok; Swedish: Samlingspartiet, Saml) is a liberal-conservative political party in Finland. It is currently the biggest party and the ruling political party of Finland.

Founded in 1918, the National Coalition Party is one of the "big three" parties that have dominated Finnish national politics for several decades, along with the Social Democratic Party and the Centre Party. The current party chair is Petteri Orpo, elected on 11 June 2016. The party self-statedly bases its politics on "freedom, responsibility and democracy, equal opportunities, education, supportiveness, tolerance and caring" and supports multiculturalism and gay rights. Their foreign stances are pro-NATO and pro-European oriented, the party is also a member of the European People's Party (EPP). The party is described by literature as a liberal, conservative as well as a liberal-conservative party on the centre-right with catch-all characteristics.
(Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Paavo Nurmi at the 1920 Summer Olympics (from Culture of Finland)
Image 2The part of Finland controlled by the Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (from History of Finland)
Image 3Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and the Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky (from History of Finland)
Image 4Linus Torvalds, a famous Fennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel (from Culture of Finland)
Image 5Battle of Valkeala was part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). (from History of Finland)
Image 6A smoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (from Culture of Finland)
Image 7The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (from History of Finland)
Image 8Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (from History of Finland)
Image 9The Swedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part of Sweden proper, rike, shown in dark green. (from History of Finland)
Image 10Women in sauna with Vihtas
Image 11Imagery collage of Birger Jarl conquering Häme and the construction of Häme Castle (from History of Finland)
Image 12Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (from Culture of Finland)
Image 13The Finno-Soviet Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 14Badge of the Finnish White/Civil Guard (from History of Finland)
Image 15The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Petrovsky, Joseph Stalin, Isaac Steinberg, Vladimir Karelin, and Alexander Schlichter (from History of Finland)
Image 16Painting of Lalli killing Henry. Painting by C. A. Ekman. (from History of Finland)
Image 17The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history of classical music (from Culture of Finland)
Image 18Prehistoric red ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (from Culture of Finland)
Image 19Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps on Vappu (from Culture of Finland)
Image 20Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (from History of Finland)
Image 21Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library (1927–35) (from Culture of Finland)
Image 22Sámi / Laplander family in traditional costumes from Finland. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 23Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found from Kiuruvesi. (from History of Finland)
Image 24Wehrmacht soldiers with a local Sámi reindeer herder, Lappland, Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 25The first government of independent Finland. P. E. Svinhufvud, the first Prime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (from History of Finland)
Image 26A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 27Captain Aarne Juutilainen at the front at Kollaa during the Winter War (from History of Finland)
Image 28People gathered in the Senate Square for a demonstration against the February Manifesto in March 1899. (from History of Finland)
Image 29Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent from Mustamäki, Finland (from Culture of Finland)
Image 30Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (from History of Finland)
Image 312007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (from Culture of Finland)
Image 32Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 33Lapua Movement supporters beating the "red officer" Eino Nieminen in front of the Vaasa courthouse during the 4 June 1930 riot. (from History of Finland)
Image 34President K. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (from History of Finland)
Image 35(1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (from History of Finland)
Image 36A reconstruction of a 12th-century Perniö costume (from History of Finland)
Image 37Identification document and tag of a Finnish war child (from History of Finland)
Image 38Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 39Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (from History of Finland)
Image 40A triptych by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting the Aino Story of Kalevala on three panes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 41Memorial of the Mannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 42Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (from History of Finland)
Image 43In 2011 figure skater Kiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 44A group of Finnish soldiers operating a Bofors gun during the Continuation War in 1943 (from History of Finland)
Image 45Apocalyptica's Perttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (from Culture of Finland)
Image 46A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (from Culture of Finland)
Image 47A view of Pohjoisesplanadi in the center of Helsinki in 1891 (from History of Finland)
Image 48An old drawing of the city of Turku in the 18th century (from History of Finland)
Image 49The ruins of Vammala burned by the Reds, during the Civil war (from History of Finland)
Image 50In the middle is the patron saint of Finland, Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; from Missale Aboense (1488) (from History of Finland)
Image 51President Urho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (from History of Finland)
Image 52Kastelli Giant's Church in Pattijoki by Pöljä culture [fi] (from History of Finland)
Image 53Uspenski Cathedral in Helsinki (from Culture of Finland)
Image 54The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 55Pieces of the Antrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-known fishing net in the world. (from History of Finland)
Image 56Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region of Southern Ostrobothnia (from Culture of Finland)
Image 57Kalmar Union in 1400s (from History of Finland)
Image 58Eero Järnefelt, Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (from History of Finland)
Image 59Stone Age dwelling named Kierikki 5000–3000 BC (from History of Finland)
Image 60Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (from History of Finland)
Image 61Northern Europe in 814 (from History of Finland)
Image 62Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (from Culture of Finland)
Image 63S/S Urania in Hanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (from History of Finland)
Image 64Helsinki Accords Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 65Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of the Great Northern War during 1700–1721. (from History of Finland)
Image 66Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (from History of Finland)
Image 67Homann's map of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Fennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northern Germany, northern Poland, the Baltic region, Livonia, Belarus, and parts of Northwest Russia. Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (from History of Finland)
Image 68Winter War Monument in Suomussalmi, Kainuu, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 69Kreeta Haapasalo Playing the Kantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), by Robert Wilhelm Ekman (from History of Finland)
Image 70Jean Sibelius at work in his study (from History of Finland)
Image 71Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of the New Testament to King Gustav Wasa. (from History of Finland)
Image 72This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (from History of Finland)
Image 73Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of the Finnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 74Women dressed in Finnish folk costumes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 75Three Finnish Romani women in Helsinki, Finland, in 1930s (from Culture of Finland)
Image 76In the sauna, by Pekka Halonen, 1925 (from Culture of Finland)

In the news

22 May 2024 – Russia–NATO relations: The Russian Ministry of Defence proposes to unilaterally adjust Russia's maritime border in the Baltic Sea, prompting comments of concern made by Baltic members of NATO, including Finland and Lithuania. The Ministry of Defense later retracts the proposal. (Reuters) (BBC News)
2 April 2024 – Viertola school shooting: A student is killed and two others are injured in a shooting at a school in Vantaa, Uusimaa, Finland. A 12-year-old student is detained. (AP) (Yle)
1 March 2024 – 2024 Finnish presidential election: Alexander Stubb is sworn in as the 13th President of Finland. (Reuters)
11 February 2024 – 2024 Finnish presidential election: Alexander Stubb is elected President of Finland with 51.6% of the vote.(Yle)
27 January 2024 – Israel–Hamas war: The United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Italy, Canada, Finland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Germany suspend humanitarian aid to UNRWA over allegations that some UNRWA staff members were involved in the Hamas-led attack on Israel. (BBC News) (CBS News)
14 December 2023 – Finland–United States relations: Finland announces the creation of a defense cooperation agreement with the United States. The agreement will grant Finland access to American military resources for use in defensive operations, while the US will gain military access to Finland in the event of conflict. (Reuters)

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Panoramic photo shot of Helsinki, Finland

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Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
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FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
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Helsinki July 2013-14
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Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
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Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
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Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-14
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Makasiinit tulessa
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Peugeot 206 WRC
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
Silja Serenade in Stockholm
VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
Vexi Salmi

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