List of economic crises

This is a list of economic crises and depressions.

1st century

Financial crisis of 33

The result of the mass issuance of unsecured loans by main Roman banking houses.^[1]

3rd century

Crisis of the Third Century

7th century

Coin exchange crisis of 692. Byzantine emperor Justinian II refuses to accept tribute from the Umayyad Caliphate with new Arab gold coins for fear of exposing double counting in the Byzantine financial system (actual weight less, than nominal quantity), which leads to the Battle of Sebastopolis and the revolt of taxpayers who burned financial officials in a copper bull. Justinian II was tortured by cutting off his nose in front of spectators at the Hippodrome. Twenty Years' Anarchy begins.

14th century

14th century banking crisis (the crash of the Peruzzi and the Bardi family Compagnia dei Bardi in 1345).

17th century

Kipper und Wipper (1618–22) financial crisis at the start of the Thirty Years' War
Tulip mania (1637) an economic bubble that burst, hurting the economy of the Dutch Republic
The General Crisis (1640) Arguably the largest worldwide crisis in history^[opinion]

18th century

Great Tobacco Depression (1703) (British America)^[2]
South Sea Bubble (1720) (UK)
Mississippi Company (1720) (France)
Crisis of 1763 – started in Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of Leendert Pieter de Neufville and Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky, spread to Germany and Scandinavia
Great East Indian Bengal Bubble Crash (1769) (India) Crash started by the rapid overvaluation of the East India Company.
Crisis of 1772 – started in London and Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of the bankers Neal, James, Fordyce, and Down.
War of American Independence Financing Crisis (1776) (United States) – The French monarchy went deeply into debt to finance its 1.4 billion livre support for the colonial rebels; Spain invested 700 million reales.^[2]
Panic of 1785 – United States
Panic of 1792 – United States
Panic of 1796–1797 – Britain and United States

19th century

Danish state bankruptcy of 1813
Post-Napoleonic Depression (post-1815) (England)
Panic of 1819, a U.S. recession with bank failures; culmination of U.S.'s first boom-to-bust economic cycle
Panic of 1825, a pervasive British recession in which many banks failed, nearly including the Bank of England
Panic of 1837, a U.S. recession with bank failures, followed by a 5-year depression
Panic of 1847, started as a collapse of British financial markets associated with the end of the 1840s railway industry boom
Panic of 1857, a U.S. recession with bank failures
Panic of 1866, was an international financial downturn that accompanied the failure of Overend, Gurney and Company in London
Great depression of British agriculture (1873–1896)
Long Depression (1873–1896)
- Panic of 1873, a US recession with bank failures, followed by a four-year depression
- Panic of 1884
- Panic of 1890
- Panic of 1893, a US recession with bank failures
- Australian banking crisis of 1893
- Panic of 1896

20th century

1900s

Panic of 1901, a U.S. economic recession that started with a fight for financial control of the Northern Pacific Railway
Panic of 1907, a U.S. economic recession with bank failures

1920s

Depression of 1920–1921, a U.S. economic recession following the end of WW1.
Wall Street Crash of 1929 and Great Depression (1929–1939) the worst depression of modern history

1970s

1970s energy crisis
- OPEC oil price shock (1973)
- Energy crisis (1979)
Secondary banking crisis (1973-1975) in the UK
Latin American debt crisis (late 1970s to early 1980s), the "lost decade"

1980s

Early 1980s Recession
Chilean crisis of 1982
1983 Israel bank stock crisis
Japanese asset price bubble (1986–1992)
Black Monday (1987) US stock market crash
Savings and loan crisis (1986-1995) failure of 1,043 out of the 3,234 S&L banks in the U.S.

1990s

21st century

References

^ "Tiberius Used Quantitative Easing To Solve The Financial Crisis of 33 AD". Business Insider. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b "100 Most Important American Financial Crises". Retrieved 9 December 2014.

Galbraith, J. K. (1990), A Short History of Financial Euphoria, New York: Penguin Books, ISBN 0-670-85028-4

[1] "Tiberius Used Quantitative Easing To Solve The Financial Crisis of 33 AD". Business Insider. Retrieved 2 December 2016.

[:0-2] "100 Most Important American Financial Crises". Retrieved 9 December 2014.

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