Coptoclavidae is an extinct family of aquatic beetles in the suborder Adephaga.[1][2] The Coptoclavidae lived from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous.[3] Coptoclavidae is a member of the adephagan clade Dytiscoidea,[4][5][6] which contains other aquatic beetles. Suggested reasons for their extinction to include the rise of teleost fish, or competition with Gyrinidae and Dytiscidae, which possess defensive secretions and sucking channels in the mandibles of larvae, which coptoclavids likely lacked. It has been suggested that the genus Timarchopsis and the subfamily Timarchopsinae are only distantly related to other coptoclavids based on cladistic analysis, with Timarchopsis being more closely related to geadephagans like carabids and trachypachids instead.[7] Another study also suggested similarly for Coptoclavisca and possibly other coptoclaviscines.[8]

Coptoclavidae
Temporal range: Late Triassic–Early Cretaceous
Holcoptera giebeli (specimen NMHUK PI II.3101)
Larva of Coptoclava
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Suborder: Adephaga
Family: Coptoclavidae
Ponomarenko, 1961
Subfamilies

Charonoscaphinae
Coptoclavinae
Coptoclaviscinae
Hispanoclavininae
Timarchopsinae
Coptoclavidae (incertae sedis)

Taxonomy

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References

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  1. ^ Tree of Life Web Project. 1995. Liadytidae. Liadytes. Version 1 January 1995 (temporary). [1].01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, [2]
  2. ^ Ivan Löbl & Aleš Smetana (May 2003). "1". Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga. Vol. 1. Apollo Books. pp. 6–8. ISBN 978-87-88757-73-6.
  3. ^ Grimaldi, David and Michael S. Engel (16 May 2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82149-5.
  4. ^ Ponomarenko, A. G., Arnoldy, L., Jerikin, V. V., & Nikritin, L. M. (1992). Mesozoic Coleoptera. Suborder Adephaga, 1.
  5. ^ Wang, B.; Ponomarenko, A. G.; Zhang, H. -Ch. (15 December 2009). "A new coptoclavid larva (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscoidea) from the Middle Jurassic of China, and its phylogenetic implication". Paleontological Journal. 43 (6): 652. Bibcode:2009PalJ...43..652W. doi:10.1134/S0031030109060082. ISSN 1555-6174. S2CID 83756102.
  6. ^ Bo, Wang; Ponomarenko, A. G.; Haichun, Zhang (2010). "Middle Jurassic Coptoclavidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscoidea) from China: a Good Example of Mosaic Evolution". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 680–687. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..680W. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00272.x. ISSN 1755-6724. S2CID 83806777.
  7. ^ Beutel, Rolf G.; Wang, Bo; Tan, Jing-Jing; Ge, Si-Qin; Ren, Dong; Yang, Xing-Ke (April 2013). "On the phylogeny and evolution of Mesozoic and extant lineages of Adephaga (Coleoptera, Insecta)". Cladistics. 29 (2): 147–165. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00420.x. PMID 34814378. S2CID 85234655.
  8. ^ Kirejtshuk, Alexander G.; Ansorge, Jörg (17 May 2022). "An extraordinarily preserved new genus and species of Trachypachidae (Coleoptera, Adephaga) from the Early Jurassic of Germany and a review of fossil trachypachid genera". Historical Biology. 35 (6): 958–975. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2071709. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 248869983.