Angolan cuisine has many dishes popular among nationals and foreigners, including funge (which is made from cassava or corn flour), mufete (grilled fish, plantain, sweet potato, cassava, and gari), calulu, moamba de galinha, moamba de ginguba, kissaca, and mukua sorbet.

History

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Angolan cuisine in its modern shape is a combination of indigenous African ingredients and cooking techniques, and Portuguese influences and ingredients brought over from other Portuguese colonies, such as Brazil.[1]

Ingredients

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Staple ingredients include beans and rice, pork and chicken, various sauces, and vegetables such as tomatoes and onions. Spices such as garlic are also frequently seen.[2] Funge, a type of porridge made with cassava, is a staple dish.[3]

There are many influences from Portuguese cuisine like the use of olive oil. Piripiri is a local hot sauce.

Dishes

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Fish calulu, a typical dish from Angola and São Tomé e Príncipe
 
Moamba de galinha, traditional dish of Luanda—palm oil, cassava flour porridge, okra, plantains, wild spinach
 
Maize (left) and cassava funge (right), a typical side dish in Angola
 
Feijão de óleo de palma—beans with palm oil, a traditional dish of Angola
 
Mufete food from Angola

Funge (or funje, Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfũʒɨ]) and pirão ([piˈɾɐ̃w]) are very common dishes, and in poorer households often consumed at every meal. The dish is often eaten with fish, pork, chicken, or beans. funge de bombo ([ˈfũʒɨ ðɨ ˈβõbu]), more common in northern Angola, is a paste or porridge of cassava (also called manioc or yuca), made from cassava flour. It is gelatinous in consistency and gray in color. Pirão, yellow in color and similar to polenta, is made from cornflour and is more common in the south. Fuba ([fuˈβa]) is the term for the flour that is used to make either funge and pirão, also used to make angu, the Brazilian polenta. Both foods are described as bland but filling and are often eaten with sauces and juices or with gindungo (see below), a spicy condiment.[4]

Moamba de galinha (or chicken moamba, [ˈmwɐ̃bɐ ðɨ ɣɐˈlĩɲɐ]) is chicken with palm paste, okra, garlic and palm oil hash or red palm oil sauce, often served with rice and funge. Both funge and moamba de galinha have been considered the national dish.[4][5] A variant dish of moamba de galinha, moamba de ginguba, uses ginguba ([ʒĩˈɡuβɐ], peanut sauce) instead of palm paste.[4][6]

List of dishes

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Other dishes common in Angolan cuisine include:

Beverages

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Cerveja N'Gola, an Angolan beer

A number of beverages, alcoholic and non-alcoholic, are typical to Angola.[4]

Various homemade spirits are made, including capatica (made from bananas, a Cuanza Norte specialty), caporoto (made from maize, a Malanje specialty); cazi or caxipembe (made from potato and cassava skin); kimbombo (made from corn), maluva or ocisangua (made with palm tree juice, sometimes described as "palm wine,"[2] a Northern Angola specialty), ngonguenha (made from toasted manioc flour), and ualende (made from sugarcane, sweet potato, corn, or fruits, a Bie specialty).[4] Other beverages are Kapuka (homemade vodka), ovingundu (mead made from honey), and Whiskey Kota (homemade whisky).[4]

Popular non-alcoholic drinks including Kissangua, a Southern Angola specialty, a traditional non-alcoholic drink made of cornflour, have been used in indigenous healing rituals.[4][15] Soft drinks such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Mirinda, Sprite, and Fanta are also popular. While some soft-drinks are imported from South Africa, Namibia, Brazil, and Portugal, the Angolan soft-drink industry has grown, with Coca-Cola plants in Bom Jesus, Bengo, and Lubango opening since 2000.[2]

Mongozo is a traditional homemade beer made from palm nuts, a specialty of the Lundas (Lunda Norte and Lunda Sul).[4] Mongozo was brewed by the Chokwe people before the arrival of Europeans, and mongozo is now commercially produced for export, including to Belgium, where it is produced by Van Steenberge.[2]

Various commercial beers are brewed in Angola, the oldest of which is Cuca, brewed in Luanda. Others include Eka (brewed in Dondo in Cuanza Norte), N'gola (brewed in Lubango), and Nocal (brewed in Luanda).[4]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Munir, Jamilah; Juniarti; Mulyani, Sri (2018-12-05). "Mowing Rice Crop as Ratoon and Applying Chromolaena odorata Compost to Support Food Security". doi:10.31227/osf.io/ed8q2. Retrieved 2023-04-28.
  2. ^ a b c d e Adebayo Oyebade, Culture and Customs of Angola (2007). Greenwood, p. 109.
  3. ^ Ashkenazi, Michael; Jacob, Jeanne (2006). The World Cookbook for Students. Greenwood. p. 22.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Mike Stead and Sean Rorison. Angola (2010). Bradt Travel Guides, pp. 81-83.
  5. ^ James Minahan. The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems, Volume 2 (2009). Greenwood: p. 792.
  6. ^ Igor Cusack, "African Cuisines: Recipes for Nation-Building?" In Internationalizing Cultural Studies: An Anthology (M. Ackbar Abbas and John Nguyet Erni, editors). Wiley-Blackwell (2005): p. 369.
  7. ^ Cherie Hamilton, "Brazil: A Culinary Journey." Hippocrene Books (2005), p. 7.
  8. ^ Glenn Rinsky and Laura Halpin Rinsky, The Pastry Chef's Companion: A Comprehensive Resource Guide for the Baking and Pastry Professional (2008). John Wiley and Sons, p. 70.
  9. ^ Heidemarie Vos, Passion of a Foodie: An International Kitchen Companion (2010). Strategic: p. 139.
  10. ^ 1,001 Foods to Die For (2007). Andrews McMeel, p. 380.
  11. ^ Jessica B. Harris, The Africa Cookbook: Tastes of a Continent (1998). Simon and Schuster, p. 288.
  12. ^ Heidemarie Vos, Passion of a Foodie: An International Kitchen Companion (2010). Strategic: p. 357.
  13. ^ Laurens Van der Post, First Catch Your Eland (1978). Morrow, 113.
  14. ^ José Eduardo Agualusa, Gods and Soldiers: The Penguin Anthology of Contemporary African Writing (editor Rob Spillman). (2009). Penguin.
  15. ^ Uwe Peter Gielen, Jefferson M. Fish, and Juris G. Draguns. Handbook of Culture, Therapy, and Healing (2004). Psychology Press, p. 338.
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