Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2010.

List of years in paleontology (table)
In science
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
In paleobotany
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
In arthropod paleontology
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
In paleoentomology
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
In paleomalacology
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
In reptile paleontology
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
In archosaur paleontology
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
In mammal paleontology
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
In paleoichthyology
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

Plants

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Angiosperms

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Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Cornus piggae[2]

Sp nov

Valid

Manchester, Xiang, and Xiang

Tiffanian

Sentinel Butte Formation

  USA
  North Dakota

Oldest member of Cornus subgenus Cornus.

Hymenaea allendis[3]

sp nov

Valid

Calvillo-Canadell, Cevallos-Ferriz & Rico-Arce

Late Oligocene - Early Miocene

Mexican amber

  Mexico

Second Hymenaea sp. from Mexican amber

Lagokarpos[4]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

McMurran & Manchester

Late Paleocene - Ypresian

Green River Formation
Fossil Butte Member

  USA
  Wyoming

A fruit of uncertain affinity
Also found in the Clarno Formation (Oregon) & Horsefly Shales (British Columbia)
The type species is L. lacustris

Ploufolia[5]

Gen. nov.

Valid

Sender et al.

Albian

Utrillas Formation

  Spain

Sagaria[6]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Bravia, Barone Lumagab, & Mickle

Middle Albian

Monti Alburni, near Petina

  Italy

Solaranthus[7]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Shaolin Zheng & Xin Wang

Middle Jurassic

Jiulongshan Formation

  China

An early flowering plant.

Xingxueanthus[8]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Xin Wang & Shijun Wang

Middle Jurassic

Haifanggou Formation

  China

An early flowering plant.

Molluscs

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Newly named bivalves

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Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Emiliodonta[9]

Gen. nov.

valid

Sánchez

Caradoc

Don Braulio Formation

  Argentina

Replacement name for Emiliania Sánchez, 1999 preoccupied by Emiliania Hay & Mohler, 1967

Erodona doellojuradoi[10]

Sp. nov.

valid

Pérez, Iturerría & Griffin

Late Miocene

Paraná Formation

  Argentina

An erodonid.

Polymesoda muravchiki[10]

Sp. nov.

valid

Pérez, Iturerría & Griffin

Late Miocene

Paraná Formation

  Argentina

A cyrenid.

Arthropods

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Fishes

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Amphibians

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Newly named amphibians

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Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Deltaherpeton[11]

Valid

  • Bolt
  • Lombard

Late Viséan

A colosteid.

Fedexia[12]

Valid

Gzhelian

Casselman Formation

A trematopid genus currently among the oldest known vertebrates with a primarily terrestrial lifestyle.

Hungarobatrachus[13]

Valid

  • Szentesi
  • Venczel

Santonian

Csehbánya Formation

Advanced frog.

Madygenerpeton[14]

Valid

  • Schoch
  • Voigt
  • Buchwitz

Middle/Upper Triassic

Madygen Formation

A chroniosuchid reptiliomorph.

Pelobates fahlbuschi[15]

Valid

  • Böhme

Miocene

  Germany

A European spadefoot toad.

Basal reptiles

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Newly named basal reptiles

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Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Microleter[16]

Valid

Lower Permian

  USA

A basal parareptile. The species is M. mckinzieorum.

Phonodus[17]

Valid

Induan (early Triassic)

Katberg Formation

  South Africa

The earliest known leptopleuronine procolophonid.

Reiszorhinus[18]

Valid

Lower Permian

Waggoner Ranch Formation

  USA

A basal captorhinid. The species is Reiszorhinus olsoni.

Ichthyopterygians

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Newly named ichthyopterygians

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Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Arthropterygius[19]

Valid

  • Maxwell

Queen Elizabeth Islands

A new genus for "Ophthalmosaurus" chirsorum (Russell, 1993).

Athabascasaurus[20]

Valid

  • Druckenmiller
  • Maxwell

Lower Albian

Clearwater Formation

The most complete and stratigraphically oldest known ichthyosaur from the Cretaceous of North America.

Barracudasauroides[21]

Valid

  • Maisch

Middle Triassic

Guanling Formation

A new genus for "Mixosaurus" panxianensis (Jiang, Schmitz, Hao & Sun, 2006).

Mixosaurus xindianensis[22]

Valid

  • Chen
  • Cheng

Middle Triassic

Guanling Formation

Omphalosaurus merriami[21]

Valid

  • Maisch

Early Triassic

Sticky Keep Formation

A species of a possible ichthyopterygian genus Omphalosaurus.

Lepidosauromorphs

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Newly named plesiosaurs

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Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Alexeyisaurus[23]

Valid

  • Sennikov
  • Arkhangelsky

Norian

Wilczek Formation

  Russia

A new elasmosaurid

Meyerasaurus[24]

Valid

  • Smith
  • Vincent

Lower Toarcian

Posidonia Shale

  Germany

A pliosaur, a new genus for "Plesiosaurus" victor (Fraas, 1910).

 
Meyerasaurus victor

Newly named basal lepidosaurs

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Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Cargninia[25]

Valid

Carnian - Norian

Caturrita Formation

  Brazil

A basal lepidosaur.

Newly named lizards

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Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Adriosaurus skrbinensis[26]

Valid

  • Caldwell
  • Palci

Late Cenomanian

Skrbina

  Slovenia

Bavaricordylus molassicus[15]

Valid

  • Böhme

Miocene (late Karpatian)

  Germany

A cordylid, a species of Bavaricordylus.

Headonhillia[27]

Valid

  • Klembara
  • Green

Late Eocene, Ludian (Priabonian)

Bembridge Limestone Formation

  England

An anguine lizard. The species is H. parva.

Heloderma welcommei[28]

Valid

  • Herman
  • Van Den Eeckhaut

Eocene

  Belgium

An anguimorph lizard. Herman and Van Den Eeckhaut (2010) consider it to be a species of Heloderma (though the authors define the genus Heloderma more broadly than most herpetologists, and explicitly synonymize the glyptosaurine genus Placosaurus with it).[28]

Kleskunsaurus[29]

Valid

  • Nydam
  • Caldwell
  • Fanti

Upper Campanian

Wapiti Formation

  Canada

A scincomorph lizard. The species is K. grandeprairiensis.

Liushusaurus[30]

Valid

  • Evans
  • Wang

Lower Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

  China

A scincogekkonomorph lizard. The species is L. acanthocaudata.

Pedrerasaurus[31]

Valid

  • Bolet
  • Evans

Early Cretaceous (late Berriasian-early Valanginan)

Montsec's Formation (ca)

  Spain

A scincogekkonomorph lizard. The species is P. latifrontalis.

Tropidophorus bavaricus[15]

Valid

  • Böhme

Miocene (late Karpatian)

  Germany

A lygosomine skink, a species of Tropidophorus.

Varanus debiei[28]

Valid

  • Herman
  • Van Den Eeckhaut

Eocene

  Belgium

A monitor lizard.

Newly named snakes

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Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Colombophis spinosus[32]

Valid

  • Hsiou, Albino & Ferigolo

Late Miocene

Solimões Formation

  Brazil

An alethinophidian snake, a species of Colombophis.

Kelyophis[33]

Valid

  • Laduke
  • Krause
  • Scanlon
  • Kley

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Maevarano Formation

  Madagascar

A nigerophiid snake

Menarana[33]

Valid

  • Laduke
  • Krause
  • Scanlon
  • Kley

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Maevarano Formation

  Madagascar

A madtsoiid snake

Micronatrix[34]

Valid

  • Parmley & Hunter

Late Miocene (Clarendonian)

  United States

A natricine colubrid snake. The type species is Micronatrix juliescottae.

Sanajeh[35]

Valid

Maastrichtian

Lameta Formation

  India

A madtsoiid snake which preyed on hatchling sauropods.

 
Model of Sanajeh in a titanosaur nest

Turtles

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Newly named turtles

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Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Cerrejonemys[36]

Valid

  • Cadena
  • Bloch
  • Jaramillo

Paleocene

Cerrejón Formation

  Colombia

Chupacabrachelys[37]

Valid

  • Lehman
  • Wick

Campanian

Aguja Formation

  USA

A taphrosphyini bothremydid

Gamerabaena[38]

Valid

  • Lyson
  • Joyce

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Hell Creek Formation

  USA

Itilochelys[39]

Valid

  • Danilov
  • Averianov
  • Yarkov

Danian

Beryozovaya beds

  Russia

Jiangxichelys[40]

Valid

  • Tong
  • Mo

Late Cretaceous

Ganzhou

  China

A nanhsiungchelyid turtle.

Liaochelys[41]

Valid

  • Zhou

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

  China

A macrobaenid turtle.

Mexichelys[42]

Valid

  • Parham
  • Pyenson

Late Campanian

Cerro del Pueblo Formation

  Mexico

A sea turtle. A new genus for "Euclastes" coahuilaensis (Brinkman et al., 2009).[43]

Pacifichelys[42]

Valid

  • Parham
  • Pyenson

Miocene

  Peru
  USA

A sea turtle.

Pangshura tatrotia[44]

Valid

  • Joyce
  • Lyson

Pliocene

Tatrot Formation

  Pakistan

A species of Pangshura.

"Trionyx" kansaiensis[45]

Valid

  • Vitek & Danilov

Late Cretaceous

  Kazakhstan
  Tajikistan

A trionychid with unclear systematic position, a species of Trionyx sensu lato.

Archosauromorphs

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Newly named basal archosauromorphs

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Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis[46]

Valid

Ladinian/Carnian

Makay Formation

  Madagascar

A basal archosauromorph.

Bentonyx[47]

Valid

Middle Triassic

Otter Sandstone Formation

  England

A rhynchosaur.

Koilamasuchus[48]

Valid

  • Ezcurra
  • Lecuona
  • Martinelli

Early Triassic

Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation

  Argentina

The best-known basal archosauriform from South America.

Megalancosaurus endennae[49]

Valid

Alaunian (early Norian)

Zorzino Limestone Formation

  Italy

A drepanosaurid that is known from MBSN 25, a partial skeleton (Partial postcranial skeleton).

Teyumbaita[50]

Valid

  • Montefeltro
  • Langer
  • Schultz

Late Triassic

Caturrita Formation
Ischigualasto Formation[51]

  Argentina
  Brazil

A rhynchosaur. A new genus for "Scaphonyx" sulcognathus (Azevedo & Schultz, 1987).

Uatchitodon schneideri[52]

Valid

  • Mitchell
  • Heckert
  • Sues

Late Triassic

Cumnock Formation
Bluewater Creek Formation

  USA

A venomous archosauriform known only from isolated teeth.

Vallesaurus zorzinensis[49]

Valid

Alaunian (early Norian)

Zorzino Limestone Formation

  Italy

A basal drepanosauromorph that is known from MCSNB 4783, a set of vertebrae and hindlimbs.

Archosaurs

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Synapsids

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Newly named non-mammalian synapsids

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Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Beishanodon[53]

Valid

Lower Triassic

Hongyanjing Formation

  China

A eucynodont. The type species is Beishanodon youngi.

Chiniquodon kalanoro[54]

Valid

Middle Triassic? (Ladinian or Carnian)

Makay Formation

  Madagascar

A cynodont.

 
Chiniquodon skull

Kombuisia antarctica[55]

Valid

  • Fröbisch
  • Angiekczyk
  • Sidor

Early Triassic (Induan)

Fremouw Formation

  Antarctica

A dicynodont.

Minicynodon[25]

Valid

Carnian - Norian

Caturrita Formation

  Brazil

A brasilodontid cynodont.

Prosictodon[56]

Valid

  • Angielczyk
  • Rubidge

Middle Permian

Abrahamskraal formation

  South Africa

A pylaecephalid dicynodont. The type species is Prosictodon dubei.

Trucidocynodon[57]

Valid

  • Oliveira
  • Soares
  • Schultz

Upper Triassic

Santa Maria Formation

  Brazil

A cynodont. The type species is Trucidocynodon riograndensis.

Mammals

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Other animals

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Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Pywackia[58]

Valid

  • Landing in Landing, English & Keppie

Late Cambrian

Tiñu Formation

  Mexico

An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement; it might be a bryozoan[58][59] or an octocoral.[60] The type species is Pywackia baileyi.

Footnotes

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Complete author list

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As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.

  1. ^ Berman, Henrici, Brezinski, Kollar.
  2. ^ Modesto, Scott, Botha-Brink, Reisz.
  3. ^ Sumida, Dodick, Metcalf, Albright.
  4. ^ a b Bonaparte, Schultz, Soares, Martinelli.
  5. ^ Wilson, Mohabey, Peters, Head.
  6. ^ Flynn, Nesbitt, Parrish, Ranivoharimanana, Wyss.
  7. ^ Langer, Montefeltro, Hone, Whatley, Schultz.
  8. ^ a b Renesto, Spielmann, Lucas, Tarditi Spagnoli.
  9. ^ Gao, Fox, Zhou, Li.
  10. ^ Kammerer, Flynn, Ranivoharimanana, Wyss.

References

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  1. ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. ^ Manchester, S.R.; Xiang, X-P.; Xiang, Q-Y (2010). "Fruits of Cornelian Cherries (Cornaceae: Cornus Subg. Cornus) in the Paleocene and Eocene of the Northern Hemisphere" (PDF). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 171 (8): 882–891. doi:10.1086/655771. S2CID 83524109.[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ Calvillo-Canadell, L.; Cevallos-Ferriz, S.R.S.; Rico-Arce, L. (2010). "Miocene Hymenaea flowers preserved in amber from Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas, Mexico". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 160 (3–4): 126–134. Bibcode:2010RPaPa.160..126C. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.02.007.
  4. ^ McMurran, D. M.; Manchester, S. R. (2010). "Lagokarpos lacustris, a new winged fruit from the Paleogene of western North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 171 (2): 227–234. doi:10.1086/648994. S2CID 85399829.
  5. ^ Sender, L.M.; Gomez, B.; Diez, J.B.; Coiffard, C.; Martín-Closas, C.; Villanueva-Amadoz, U.; Ferrer, J. (2010). "Ploufolia cerciforme gen. et comb. nov.: Aquatic angiosperm leaves from the Upper Albian of north-eastern Spain". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 161 (1–2): 77–86. Bibcode:2010RPaPa.161...77S. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.03.001.
  6. ^ Sergio Bravia; Maria Rosaria Barone Lumagab; James E. Mickle (2010). "Sagaria cilentana gen. et sp. nov.-A New Angiosperm Fructification from the Middle Albian of Southern Italy". Cretaceous Research. 31 (3): 285–290. Bibcode:2010CrRes..31..285B. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.12.001.[dead link]
  7. ^ Shaolin ZHENG; Xin WANG (2010). "An Undercover Angiosperm from the Jurassic of China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 895–902. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..895S. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00252.x. S2CID 84697587.
  8. ^ Xin WANG; Shijun WANG (2010). "Xingxueanthus: An Enigmatic Jurassic Seed Plant and Its Implications for the Origin of Angiospermy". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (1): 47–55. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84...47W. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00169.x. S2CID 140739086.
  9. ^ Sánchez, T.M. (2010). "Emiliodonta, New Name for Emiliania Sánchez, 1999, Not Emiliania Hay and Mohlen, 1967". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (4): 781. Bibcode:2010JPal...84..781S. doi:10.1666/10-023.1. S2CID 84229307.
  10. ^ a b Péreza, Leandro M.; Iturrería, Santiago F. Genta; Griffini, Miguel (October 2010). "Paleoecological and Paleobiogeographic Significance of Two New Species of Bivalves in the Paraná Formation (Late Miocene) of Entre Ríos Province, Argentina". Malacologia. 53 (1): 61–76. doi:10.4002/040.053.0104. ISSN 0076-2997. S2CID 85017087.
  11. ^ John R. Bolt; R. Eric Lombard (2010). "Deltaherpeton hiemstrae, a New Colosteid Tetrapod from the Mississippian of Iowa". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (6): 1135–1151. Bibcode:2010JPal...84.1135B. doi:10.1666/10-020.1. S2CID 83774501.
  12. ^ Berman, D.S.; Henrici, A.C.; Brezinski, D.K. & Kollar, A.D. (2010). "A new trematopid amphibian (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Upper Pennsylvanian of western Pennsylvania: earliest record of terrestrial vertebrates responding to a warmer, drier climate" (PDF). Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 78 (4): 289–318. doi:10.2992/007.078.0401. S2CID 85974488. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  13. ^ Zoltán Szentesi; Márton Venczel (2010). "An advanced anuran from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) of Hungary" (PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 256 (3): 291–302. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0054. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
  14. ^ Rainer R. Schoch; Sebastian Voigt; Michael Buchwitz (2010). "A chroniosuchid from the Triassic of Kyrgyzstan and analysis of chroniosuchian relationships". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 160 (3): 515–530. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00613.x.
  15. ^ a b c Madelaine Böhme (2010). "Ectothermic vertebrates (Actinopterygii, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Germany, Bavaria) and their implications for environment reconstruction and palaeoclimate". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 84 (1): 3–41. Bibcode:2010PalZ...84....3B. doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0050-4. S2CID 130044044.
  16. ^ Linda A. Tsuji; Johannes Muller; Robert R. Reisz (2010). "Microleter mckinzieorum gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma: the basalmost parareptile from Laurasia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (2): 245–255. Bibcode:2010JSPal...8..245T. doi:10.1080/14772010903461099. S2CID 129529082.
  17. ^ Modesto, S.P.; Scott, D.M.; Botha-Brink, J. & Reisz, R.R. (2010). "A new and unusual procolophonid parareptile from the Lower Triassic Katberg Formation of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 715–723. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..715M. doi:10.1080/02724631003758003. S2CID 84563475.
  18. ^ Sumida, S.S.; Dodick, J.; Metcalf, A. & Albright, G. (2010). "Reiszorhinus olsoni, a new single-tooth-rowed captorhinid reptile of the Lower Permian of Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 704–714. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..704S. doi:10.1080/02724631003758078. S2CID 31500853.
  19. ^ Maxwell, E. E (2010). "Generic reassignment of an ichthyosaur from the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Northwest Territories, Canada". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 403–415. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..403M. doi:10.1080/02724631003617944. S2CID 85143039.
  20. ^ Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Erin E. Maxwell (2010). "A new Lower Cretaceous (lower Albian) ichthyosaur genus from the Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 47 (8): 1037–1053. Bibcode:2010CaJES..47.1037D. doi:10.1139/E10-028. Retrieved 14 January 2011.[permanent dead link]
  21. ^ a b Michael W. Maisch (2010). "Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria – the state of the art" (PDF). Palaeodiversity. 3: 151–214. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  22. ^ Chen Xiao-hong; Cheng Long (2010). "A new species of Mixosaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Pu'an, Guizhou, China". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (2): 251–260.
  23. ^ A. G. Sennikov; M. S. Arkhangelsky (2010). "On a Typical Jurassic Sauropterygian from the Upper Triassic of Wilczek Land (Franz Josef Land, Arctic Russia)". Paleontological Journal. 44 (5): 567–572. Bibcode:2010PalJ...44..567S. doi:10.1134/S0031030110050126. S2CID 88505507.
  24. ^ Adam S. Smith; Peggy Vincent (2010). "A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany". Palaeontology. 53 (5): 1049–1063. Bibcode:2010Palgy..53.1049S. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x.
  25. ^ a b José Fernando Bonaparte; César Leandro Schultz; Marina Bento Soares; Agustín G. Martinelli (2010). "La Fauna local de faxinal do soturno, Triasico tardio de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 13 (3): 233–246. doi:10.4072/rbp.2010.3.07.
  26. ^ Michael W. Caldwell; Alessandro Palci (2010). "A new species of marine ophidiomorph lizard, Adriosaurus skrbinensis, from the Upper Cretaceous of Slovenia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 747–755. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..747C. doi:10.1080/02724631003762963. S2CID 85570665.
  27. ^ Jozef Klembara; Bryony Green (2010). "Anguimorph lizards (Squamata, Anguimorpha) from the Middle and Late Eocene of the Hampshire Basin of southern England". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 97–129. Bibcode:2010JSPal...8...97K. doi:10.1080/14772011003603531. S2CID 128699883.
  28. ^ a b c Jacques Herman; Guy Van Den Eeckhaut (2010). "Inventaire systématique des Invertebrata, Vertebrata, Plantae et Fungi des Sables de Bruxelles à Zaventem" (PDF). Geominpal Belgica Découvertes Géologiques, Minéralogiques et Paléontologiques en Belgique. 1: 32–64. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-17. Retrieved 2014-06-07.
  29. ^ Randall L. Nydam; Michael W. Caldwell; Federico Fanti (2010). "Borioteiioidean lizard skulls from Kleskun Hill (Wapiti Formation; upper Campanian), west-central Alberta, Canada". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (4): 1090–1099. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30.1090N. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.483539. S2CID 128403651.
  30. ^ Susan E. Evans; Yuan Wang (2010). "A new lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) with exquisite preservation of soft tissue from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 81–95. Bibcode:2010JSPal...8...81E. doi:10.1080/14772010903537773. S2CID 56046960.
  31. ^ Arnau Bolet; Susan E. Evans (2010). "A new lizard from the early cretaceous of catalonia (Spain), and the mesozoic lizards of the iberian peninsula". Cretaceous Research. 31 (4): 447–457. Bibcode:2010CrRes..31..447B. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.06.002.[dead link]
  32. ^ Annie S. Hsiou; Adriana M. Albino; Jorge Ferigolo (2010). "Reappraisal of the South American Miocene snakes of the genus Colombophis, with description of a new species". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (3): 365–379. doi:10.4202/app.2009.1111.
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