Wikipedia

Xitun Formation

The Xitun Formation is a palaeontological formation which is named after Xitun village in Qujing, a location in South China. This formation includes many remains of fossilized fish and plants of the Early Devonian period (Late Lochkovian).[1][2] It was originally referred to as the Xitun Member of the Cuifengshan Formation (now the Cuifengshan Group).[3]

Xitun Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Devonian (Lochkovian)
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofCuifengshan Group[1]
UnderliesGuijiatun Formation[2]
OverliesXiaxishancun Formation[2]
Lithology
PrimaryCalciferous mudstones[2]
Location
Coordinates25°29.853'N and 103°46.309'E[2]
RegionYunnan Province
Country China
ExtentQujing
Type section
Named forXitun village

Fossil content edit

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Vertebrates edit

Acanthodians edit

Acanthodians reported from the Xitun Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ischnacanthidae Genus indet. Qujing.[3] 4 isolated scales (V7218.1, 3, 6 & 8) & 2 longitudinal sections (V7218.4 & 7).[3] Similar to Ischnacanthus & Acanthodes, may be referrable to Youngacanthus.
Nostolepis N. amplifica Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, Qujing.[4] 43 trunk scales.[4]
N. consueta Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, Qujing.[4] Around 25 trunk scales.[4]
N. digitus Xitun , Xishan subdistrict, Qujing.[4] 28 trunk scales.[4]
N. qujingensis Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, Qujing.[4] 19 trunk scales.[4]
N. striata Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, Qujing.[4] 69 trunk scales.[4]
N. sp. indet. Qujing.[3] Body scales.[3]
Youngacanthus Y. gracilis Qujing.[3] Jaw elements & teeth.[3] An ischnacanthid.

Actinopterygians edit

Actinopterygians reported from the Xitun Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Meemannia M. eos Xitun village, Qujing.[5] An early ray-finned fish, formerly thought to be a lobe finned fish.[6]

Chondrichthyes edit

Chondrichthyes reported from the Xitun Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Changolepis C. tricuspidus Qujing.[3] 10 scales of various growth stages.[3]
Chondrichthyes Genus indet. Qujing.[3] 4 isolated teeth (V7221.1, 2, 3 & 4). May belong to Gualepis or Changolepis.
Gualepis G. elegans Xitun, Qilin district, Qujing.[7] Thousands of isolated scales.[3][7]
Ohiolepis? O.? xitunensis Qujing.[3] A complete scale (V7233.1) & an incomplete scale (V7223.2).[3]
Peilepis P. solida Qujing.[3] A body scale (V7222).[3]

Jawless fish edit

Jawless fish reported from the Xitun Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Parathelodus P. asiaticus Qilin district, Qujing.[8] Body scales.[8] A thelodont also known from the Xishancun Formation.
P. cornuformis Qilin district, Qujing.[8] Body scales.[8] A thelodont also known from the Xishancun Formation.
P. liaokuoensis Qilin district, Qujing.[8] Body scales.[8] A thelodont also known from the Xishancun Formation.
P. scitulus Qilin district, Qujing.[8] A complete body scale (IVPP V 12156.1).[8] A thelodont also known from the Xishancun Formation.
P. trilobatus Qilin district, Qujing.[8] Body scales.[8] A thelodont also found in the Xishancun Formation.
P. wangi Qilin district, Qujing.[8] Body scales.[8] A thelodont also known from the Xishancun Formation.
P. xitunensis Qilin district, Qujing.[8] A complete body scale (IVPP V 26113.1).[8] A thelodont.
Turinia T. asiatica Qujing.[3] Multiple scales.[3] A thelodont.
 
Xitunaspis X. magnus Qujing.[9] 4 headshields.[9] A galeaspid.

Placoderms edit

Placoderms reported from the Xitun Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Antiarchi Unnamed antiarch Qujing.[1] MNHN-CHD02 & V10515.[1] Originally referred to ?Xichonelepis.
Asterosteidae Gen. et. sp. indet. Qujing.[10] Part of the head shield.[10] Very similar to Gemuendina.[10]
Chuchinolepis C. gracilis Qujing.[1] Detached plates.[1] A chuchinolepidid also known from the Xishancun Formation.
C. qujingensis Plates.[1] A chuchinolepidid also known from the Xishancun Formation.
C. robusta Qujing.[1] A detached AVL plate (V10512).[1] A chuchinolepidid.
C. sulcata Qujing.[1] Trunkshield, plates & incomplete pectoral fin.[1] A chuchinolepidid.
Gavinaspis G. convergens Qujing.[11] Skull remains.[11] A phyllolepid.
Parayunnanolepis P. xitunensis Almost-complete specimen.[12] A yunnanolepidid.
 
Phymolepis P. cuifengshanensis Cuifengshan and Liaokuoshan, Qujing.[1][13] Plates.[1][13] A yunnanolepidid also known from the Xishancun Formation.
 
P. guoruii Qujing.[1] Trunk-shields & plates.[1] A yunnanolepidid.
Szeaspis S. yunnanensis Qujing.[14] Neurocranium & associated skull roof (IVPP V 5810a-b).[14] Preoccupied genus name, renamed Szelepis.
Szelepis S. yunnanensis Qujing.[14] Neurocranium & associated skull roof (IVPP V 5810a-b).[14] An actinolepid originally named Szeaspis.
Yunnanolepis Y. porifera Qujing.[1] A yunnanolepidid also known from the Xishancun Formation.
Y. sp. Qujing.[1] A trunk-shield associated with part of skull roof (V10514).[1] A yunnanolepidid, specimen formerly assigned to Vanchienolepis.
Zhanjilepis Z. aspratilis Qujing.[1] Plates.[1] A yunnanolepidid also known from the Xishancun Formation.
 

Sarcopterygians edit

Sarcopterygians reported from the Xitun Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Achoania A. jarvikii Qujing.[15] Anterior cranial portion.[15] A basal lobe finned fish.
Diabolepis D. speratus Xichong, Qujing.[16] Multiple specimens.[16][17] A dipteriform originally named Diabolichthys.
Psarolepis P. romeri Xichong, Qujing.[18] 4 anterior cranial portions, a posterior cranial portion, 2 complete lower jaws & an incomplete lower jaw.[18] A basal lobe finned fish.
 
Styloichthys S. changae Qujing.[19] Multiple specimens.[19] A basal coelacanth.[20]
 
Youngolepis Y. praecursor Numerous specimens.[21] A basal lobe finned fish also known from the Bac Bun Formation.
 

Plants edit

Plants reported from the Xitun Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Gen. nov. A Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng district of Qujing city.[2] Numerous specimens.[2]
aff. Huia aff. H. sp. Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng district of Qujing city.[2] PKU-XH214.[2] A lycophyte.
Unnamed spike Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng district of Qujing city.[2] A poorly preserved terminal spike (PKU-XH215a, 215b).[2] Probably from a zosterophyll.
Xitunia X. spinitheca Qujing.[22] A zosterophyll.
Zosterophyllum Z. minorstachyum Qujing.[22] A zosterophyll.
 
Z. shengfengense A building site at Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng District, Qujing City.[23] A nearly entire individual plant preserved as a compression (PUH-QXI01-1), and its counterpart (PUH-QXI01-1’).[23] A zosterophyll.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Zhu, Min (1996-01-01). "The phylogeny of the Antiarcha (Placodermi, Pisces), with the description of Early Devonian antiarchs from Qujing, Yunnan, China". Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur., Sér.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Xue, Jinzhuang (March 2012). "Lochkovian plants from the Xitun Formation of Yunnan, China, and their palaeophytogeographical significance". Geological Magazine. 149 (2): 333–344. Bibcode:2012GeoM..149..333X. doi:10.1017/S001675681100077X. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 129280508.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Wang, Nianzhong.; Wang, Nianzhong (1984). "Thelodont, acanthodian, and chondrichthyan fossils from the Lower Devonian of southwestern China". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 107: 419–441. ISSN 0370-047X.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Li, Qiang; Cui, Xindong; Andreev, Plamen Stanislavov; Zhao, Wenjin; Wang, Jianhua; Peng, Lijian; Zhu, Min (2021-05-07). "Nostolepis scale remains (stem Chondrichthyes) from the Lower Devonian of Qujing, Yunnan, China". PeerJ. 9: e11093. doi:10.7717/peerj.11093. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 8109008. PMID 34012725.
  5. ^ Zhu, Min. "Meemannia eos, a basal sarcopterygian fish from the Lower Devonian of China – expanded description and significance". Academia.
  6. ^ Lu, Jing; Giles, Sam; Friedman, Matt; den Blaauwen, Jan L.; Zhu, Min (2016-06-20). "The Oldest Actinopterygian Highlights the Cryptic Early History of the Hyperdiverse Ray-Finned Fishes". Current Biology. 26 (12): 1602–1608. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.045. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 27212403. S2CID 3928790.
  7. ^ a b Cui, Xindong; Qu, Qingming; Andreev, Plamen S.; Li, Qiang; Mai, Huijuan; Zhu, Min (2021-03-04). "Modeling scale morphogenesis in a Devonian chondrichthyan and scale growth patterns in crown gnathostomes". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1930018. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E0018C. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1930018. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 237517966.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Xin-Dong, C. U. I.; Qiang, L. I.; Min, Z. H. U.; Min, Z. H. U. (2020-01-20). "New material of thelodonts from Lochkovian (Lower Devonian) of Qujing, Yunnan, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 58 (1): 1. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190612. ISSN 2096-9899.
  9. ^ a b Hao-Ran, Sun; Gai, Zhikun; Jia-Chen, Cai; Qiang, L I (April 2022). "Xitunaspis, a new eugaleaspid fish (Eugaleaspiformes, Galeaspida) from the Lower Devonian of Qujing, Yunnan". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.220412.
  10. ^ a b c Jun-Qing, Wang (1991-04-19). "Discovery of asterosteidae from Lower Devonian in Eastern Yuannan". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 29 (2): 162. ISSN 2096-9899.
  11. ^ a b Dupret, V.; Zhu, M. (30 November 2007). "The earliest phyllolepid (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Late Lochkovian (Early Devonian) of Yunnan (South China)". Geological Magazine. 145 (2): 257–278. doi:10.1017/S0016756807004207. ISSN 1469-5081. S2CID 129360262.
  12. ^ Zhu, Min; Yu, Xiaobo; Choo, Brian; Wang, Junqing; Jia, Liantao (2012-06-23). "An antiarch placoderm shows that pelvic girdles arose at the root of jawed vertebrates". Biology Letters. 8 (3): 453–456. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.1033. PMC 3367742. PMID 22219394.
  13. ^ a b Wang, Yajing; Zhu, Min (2018-05-28). "Redescription of Phymolepis cuifengshanensis (Antiarcha: Yunnanolepididae) using high-resolution computed tomography and new insights into anatomical details of the endocranium in antiarchs". PeerJ. 6: e4808. doi:10.7717/peerj.4808. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 5978403. PMID 29868260.
  14. ^ a b c d Dupret, Vincent; Zhu, Min; Wang, Jun-Qing (2017-03-04). "Redescription of Szelepis Liu, 1981 (Placodermi, Arthrodira), from the Lower Devonian of China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (2): e1312422. Bibcode:2017JVPal..37E2422D. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1312422. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 90912807.
  15. ^ a b Zhu, Min; Yu, Xiaobo; Ahlberg, Per E. (2001). "A primitive sarcopterygian fish with an eyestalk". Nature. 410 (6824): 81–84. doi:10.1038/35065078. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11242045. S2CID 4416579.
  16. ^ a b Chang, Meemann; Yu, Xiaobo (January 1984). "Structure and phylogenetic significance of Diabolichthys speratus gen. et sp. nov., a new dipnoan-like form from the Lower Devonian of eastern Yunnan, China". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 107 (3): 171–184.
  17. ^ Chang, Meemann (January 1995). "Diabolepis and its bearing on the relationships between porolepiforms and dipnoans". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section C. 17 (1): 235–268.
  18. ^ a b Yu, Xiaobo (1998). "A New Porolepiform-Like Fish, Psarolepis romeri, gen. et sp. nov. (Sarcopterygii, Osteichthyes) from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 18 (2): 261–274. Bibcode:1998JVPal..18..261Y. doi:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011055. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4523897.
  19. ^ a b Zhu, Min; Yu, Xiaobo (September 2002). "A primitive fish close to the common ancestor of tetrapods and lungfish". Nature. 418 (6899): 767–770. Bibcode:2002Natur.418..767Z. doi:10.1038/nature00871. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 12181564. S2CID 4389974.
  20. ^ Friedman, Matt (January 2007). "Styloichthys as the oldest coelacanth: Implications for early osteichthyan interrelationships". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 5 (3): 289–343. Bibcode:2007JSPal...5..289F. doi:10.1017/S1477201907002052. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 83712134.
  21. ^ Cui, Xindong; Friedman, Matt; Qiao, Tuo; Yu, Yilun; Zhu, Min (2022-05-02). "The rapid evolution of lungfish durophagy". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 2390. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.2390C. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30091-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9061808. PMID 35501345. S2CID 248504614.
  22. ^ a b Xue, Jinzhuang (2009-06-10). "Two Zosterophyll Plants from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Xitun Formation of Northeastern Yunnan, China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 83 (3): 504–512. Bibcode:2009AcGlS..83..504X. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00057.x. S2CID 131021391.
  23. ^ a b Hao, Shougang; Xue, Jinzhuang; Guo, Dali; Wang, Deming (January 2010). "Earliest rooting system and root : shoot ratio from a new Zosterophyllum plant". New Phytologist. 185 (1): 217–225. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03056.x. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 19825018. S2CID 5638825.


 

This article about a specific stratigraphic formation in the People's Republic of China is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xitun_Formation&oldid=1189297339"