53°42′45″N 1°52′57″W / 53.7125°N 1.8825°W
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Wainhouse Tower is a folly in the parish of King Cross, on the south-west side of Halifax, Calderdale,[1][2] West Yorkshire, in England. At 275 feet (84 m), it is the tallest structure in Calderdale and the tallest folly in the world, and was erected between 1871 and 1875. The main shaft is octagonal in shape and has a square base and 369 steps leading to the first of two viewing platforms which is open to the public, and a total of 405 to the top viewing platform which is usually closed to the public. The tower is open to the public during bank holidays, and is a Grade II* listed building.[3]
History edit
One driving force behind the erection of the viewing platforms was a long-standing feud between landowning neighbours John Edward Wainhouse (1817–1883) and Sir Henry Edwards (1812–1886). Edwards had boasted that he had the most private estate in Halifax, Pye Nest (demolished 1925-30),[4] into which no one could see. As the estate was on land adjacent to the chimney's site, following the opening of the viewing platforms, Edwards could never claim privacy again.
The tower was designed by architect Isaac Booth as a chimney to serve the Washer Lane dye works owned by Wainhouse. The height of the chimney was to satisfy the Smoke Abatement Act 1870 which required a tall chimney to carry smoke out of the valleys in which the factories were built.[5][6] A much simpler chimney would have satisfied the requirements[citation needed] but Wainhouse insisted that it should be an object of beauty.[7]
In 1874, John Wainhouse sold the mill to his works manager, who refused to pay the cost of the chimney's construction, so Wainhouse kept the tower for himself and used it as an observatory.[8] Booth left after a dispute and was replaced by another local architect, Richard Swarbrick Dugdale, who is responsible for the elaborate galleries and the corona dome at the top.[9] The tower was completed on 9 September 1875, at a cost of £14,000 (equivalent to £1,400,000 in 2021).
In 1918, an appeal was started to raise money to purchase the tower for the local community, with a target of £1,000.[10]
Restoration edit
In 2006, Wainhouse Tower was closed because of safety problems. Work to repair it began in July 2008 and took about five months. During the restoration, the top section of the tower was partly dismantled and rebuilt, decorative sections and part of the main shaft were repointed, missing stone finials replaced, the drainage system improved, corroded ironwork replaced and cracks at the base of the tower fixed.[11] The tower reopened to the general public on 4 May 2009. The restoration cost was £400,000.[12]
In 2011, the Huffington Post included the tower in its list of the "Top 10 Pieces of Folly Architecture",[13] and The Telegraph included the tower on their top 15 list of "Britain's Best Architectural Follies".[14]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Wainhouse's Tower". Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Wainhouse Tower, Halifax - Icons of England". Archived from the original on 29 October 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ Historic England. "Wainhouse Tower (Grade II*) (1133900)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
- ^ "Historic Pye Nest". Halifax People. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
- ^ "The Rocks, Halifax (Document ID: 100125)". Calderdale Council.
- ^ Hadley, Gwyn (1999). Follies, grottoes & garden buildings. London: Aurum. pp. 552–554. ISBN 9781854106254.
- ^ "Glimpse Of The Past". Calderdale Council. Archived from the original on 16 July 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
- ^ Jos, Simon (2015). The rough guide to Yorkshire. London: Rough Guides. pp. 116–117. ISBN 9781409371045.
- ^ Hargreaves, John A (1999). Halifax. Edinburgh University Press. p. 160. ISBN 9781853312175.
- ^ "Wainhouse Tower Purchase Scheme". The Builder. 114: 170. 15 March 1918.
- ^ "Rescue work to start at Wainhouse Tower". Halifax Courier. 22 May 2008. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
- ^ "The Yorkshire 'chimney' that's the tallest folly in the world". The Yorkshire Post. 16 July 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
- ^ "The Top 10 Pieces Of Folly Architecture". Huffington Post. 10 January 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
- ^ "Britain's best architectural follies". The Telegraph. Retrieved 28 July 2016.