Froaringus

Tunna < * Tunda

• tona, from late Lat. Tunna , and this of Celtic *Tunna, "skin", "crust" (Old Irish tonn "skin, surface", Irish tonn "hide, skin", Welsh ton "skin", Cornish ton "surface", Breton tonnen "rind, surface". This word does not belong to Celtic Hispanic substrate because it derives from an old "Tunda" that would have preserved Celtic Hispanic. it's a loan from gaulish.

• kando: cando/cann.
• Kambo: cambo/camm. Kambatom > Cambados.
• Kumba: comba/comm.
• Glando-miro (Brandomil) lit. "the river Miro shore" from celtic glanda "shore" gaulish glanna, etc — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.35.174.63 (talk) 01:46, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

Hi, IP and anonymous friend. I would rather agree with you on the preservation of /nd/ on Hispano-Celtic material (although Brandomil -related to other Galician tops: Randomil, Gondomil, Baldomir, Estremil- is not phonetically an evolution of Glandomiro). The problem with tona is that it is a Galician word exclusively used in Galicia. The DRAE knows it: "tona.(Del lat. tardío tŭnna, y este del celta *tunna, piel, costra). 1. f. coloq. Gal. nata (‖ de la leche)." If it is only used in Galicia, then it is a word taken from Galician, where the word is extensively used with the meaning of 'skin, bark, cream', together with destonar 'peel', etc. So, in Spanish the immediate origin of the word is in Galician language, whatever it is its remote origin. The assumption that it is Hispano-Celtic it's not mine. Cheers.--Froaringus (talk) 17:30, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

That's not quite right. Heirs from *Tonna are the asturian words estongar < *ex-tunni-care "pelar la corteza de una rama. Quitar la corteza de las castañas, la película que tienen interiormente las tripas del cerdo, etc. Soltar, dejar caer fácilmente la piel o corteza" and estongu < *ex-tunni-cu "piel de la culebra. 2. Corteza que se desprende con facilidad de las castañas asadas". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.35.174.63 (talk) 23:55, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

Hi again. The Asturian word estongar is used solely in the westermost part of Asturias (Occidente, Cuarto de los Valles) and León (Babia/Laciana) and it can be related to Galician tona 'skin, bark', estonar 'to peel', but as long as it don't derive from Latin tunica. Now, for Spanish, the DRAG just records the use of tona in the Spanish spoken in Galicia, so its obviously a loanword taken from Galician. Regards.--Froaringus (talk) 18:21, 21 November 2012 (UTC)

Hello Froaringus

Thanks very much for your information and your interesting contribution to the Celtic background in Galician language and names.

I am far away to minimize the influence of the Celts in Spain. I am myself very interesting in this subject and I read carefully the article concerning Spain in Wenceslas Kruta's Dictionnary of the Celts. I know less about the language. I have probably less knowledge than you concerning the phonetics.

I agree entirely about the place-names and the anthroponyms, but I stay quite sceptic about the influence in Galego language.

Phonetics : are you sure that lenition has only something to do with the action of a Celtic substract ? It can be a parallel evolution in some romance languages. Lenition is generalized in French but it is quite late recorded.

lenition of Latin /d/ : adjutare, French : deverbal aiudha (842 serments de strasbourg), then aïu(e), mod. (refection) aide. But then, Celtic was according to most specialists (see Pierre-Yves Lambert, LG) no more spoken in the 6th Century in Gaul. I cite him : la lénition des consonnes dans les langues romanes..l'évolution du brittonique présente un parallèle difficile à interpréter en termes de "substrat celtique" les différentes langues romanes présentent différents types de mutations consonantiques, sur une aire géographique d'ailleurs beaucoup plus vaste que la zone de peuplement celtique.. The other particularities you wrote in Galego are for sure curious and comparable to Celtic but can't be proved at all.

In French there is only one action of the Celtic substratum that can be proved (according to P-Y Lambert), in the way the Latin group /pt/ and /ps/ changed to confuse with /xt/ and /xs/ to develop to /it/ and /is/ (/i/ second part of a diphtong), because it is written in the Gaulish inscription "paropsides" > paraxsidi (La Graufesenque), so French caisse < *kaxsa < capsa, or, chétif (OF chaitif) < *kaxtivus < captiuus

A part of the words you mention as Celtic are questionnable : garganta 'throat' Old French gargate 'throat', French gargoter, gargouille, gargouiller..not considered as Celtic.

What is whell-sack ?

virar, Low Latin *vibrare, French virer 'turn', virage, environnement, etc..Gaulish viriā 'ring' (substractum action) is doubtful.

Another thing : I study specifically the tree-names because they have a very strong meaning in the pre-christian religions and I notice that except French, the Italian tree-names almost derive of Latin and the Spanish one of other languages too, but not Celtic (except betula). It does not concern isolated words but a category of words.

Lat. taxus > Galician teixo but French if (Gaulish ivos, (Coligny ?) Lat. quercus / galician carballo (what is it from?)/ French chêne (Gaulish cassano- > cassinus) (see Lambert, Delamarre, etc.) Lat. corylus / Galician abelaneira (what is it from ? similar to Spanish avellano ?)/ Old French coudrier, coudre < Low Latin *colurus, *colrus (Gaulish substratum *collos ? I, W coll (see Lambert) Lat. acer > Spanish arce, Galician pradeiro (what is it from?) / French érable < acerabulus (7th century) for *acer-abalo comparable to Celtic combinations Old I fic-abull 'fig tree' or W cri-afol 'rowan tree' (see Delamarre) Lat. sorbus > Spanish serbal , Galician ? > French sorb-ier or alisier (Gaulish alisia ? or Germanic *alizō > OldHG elira)

I am continuing these researchs further.

Good night Nortmannus (talk) 21:18, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

Castro culture

• Está optimo. Tens melhorado muito o artigo. Só uma coisa, o artigo deve ter mais elementos artisticos, como estátuas, vasos, imagens/desenhos e esculturas para entendermos a arte especifica desta cultura.
• Não concordo muito com uma galeria, não é util. Nesta fase ainda é, mas quando o artigo estiver mais composto, deve-se escolher as melhores imagens (e elucidativas) para constar no artigo em diferentes secções.
• Vi que gostas do termo oppida, também gosto. Mas nas referencias que li, não usam muito esse termo. É algo que aparece em livros espanhois? acho o termo bonito, mas em Portugal é mais aplicado nos povoados a sul do Douro. Na cultura castreja e na literatura usa-se cividade, citania, castro e crasto. Crasto e cividade são palavras antigas e mesmo na idade media as pessoas referiam-se a estes locais como cividades, enquanto citania é inventado. --Pedro (talk) 19:44, 16 October 2010 (UTC)

Parabens

Só podo dizer, parabens polas túas contribuçons, estas a fazer um trabalho fora do normal, magnifico, util e cientifico. Pouco mais que dizer!, tá tudo dito!.--Alexander Vigo (talk) 22:12, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

Ola de novo compañeiro, estiven a ver a túa prezadísima colaboración nos Celtic place-names in Galicia, un traballo formidable. Non sei se é por falta de bibliografía, ou simplemente porque aínda non chegaches a eles, quería expoñerche algúns toponimos máis que ao meu ver se cadra podan estar relacionados co artigo. Un deles é Lubre, no concello de Ares, é que sen dúbida está en relación etimolóxica co Lubri, e aínda podería co proprio Louvre, non?, non son lingüistica como ves ;). Outro topónimo interesante poida ser Belelle, que verte as súas augas á ría de Ferrol, tamén os múltiples ríos Belesar, comparten esa raíz Bel-. "Marván" nas Somozas, non sei se podería ser outro. A parroquia de Nemiña en Muxía, ten toda a pinta de ser outro, coa mesma raíz que Nemeño (Ponteceso) e se cadra Nemenzo (?). Un dos topónimos máis curiosos que vin foi o de "Invernés" posiblemente non é mais que unha coincidencia fonética, mais quen sabe de podería ter algo que ver co Inverness escocés, quen sabe. Teixobe (antigo Teixobre?) podería ser outro, non sei. Por último, podería ter algo que ver Penencia (punta costeira) co Penzance da Cornualla?. En fin, desde a completa ignorancia aí vai unha pincelada de ideas. Non me resisto a unha última.., os moitos Mer/Meir tales como Mera, Meira e derivados, poderían ter algún interese no artigo?. En fin, aí vai todo, e a miña máis forte noraboa.--Alexander Vigo (talk) 12:27, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

Congratulations one more time for your amazing work and dedication in kingdom of Galicia.--Alexander Vigo (talk) 20:52, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

Architecture in the kingdom of Galicia

Caro Froaringus, estou a pensar en poñer imaxes de alomenos 5 de monumentos, cuxa historia se remonta aos séculos VI-VII. Como non sei exactamente cal é a ideia que desexas transmitir coas imaxes, prefiro consultarcho. Pode ser que queiras subliñar a gran calidade do románico galego, ou ben pola contra centrarte máis na arquitectura máis antiga. Pensando que non é bo unha galería excesiva, si que gostaría de saber en que senso che podería axudar. Por unha parte temos igrexas/mosteiros anteriores ao VII que seguen tendo vixencia na actualidade baixo formas; románicas, oxivais, barrocas, etc.., por outra, construcións que manteñen a traza orixinal. Cal é a túa ideia ou que desexas transmitir coa galería?. Unha aperta.--Alexander Vigo (talk) 22:01, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

Re Kingdom of Galicia

No worries; thanks for the note. I know nothing about the topic - just doing the copyedit 'leg work' - so if I accidentally botch any factual information just fix it up. There's been a couple of things so far that I've struggled to interpret what it's actually trying to say, so hope I've got them right when I've reworded them. --jjron (talk) 01:39, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

IPA for Portuguese and Galician

Hi Froaringus,

just responded you on Wikipedia talk:IPA for Portuguese and Galician. I apologise for taking ages, I was on a trip. Greetings, Jɑυмe (xarrades) 14:42, 6 December 2011 (UTC)

Hi again!

Perhaps, would you be interested in creating a phonology article for Galician? I could help you any time ;) Jɑυмe (xarrades) 00:12, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

I just made some silly changes, it seems to me you are doing it very good! :)

Whenever you want you can copy-paste the phonology section onto a new page, then we can start from there. Jɑυмe (xarrades) 18:39, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

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Some bubble tea for you!

Bon appetit aussi! e agradecido pola birra ;). Non ando sobrado de tempo, mais se precisares un mapa determinado para o artigo suevo, só tes que dicilo, bon traballo! Alexander Vigo (talk) 22:03, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

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Celtic cross

Froaringus, the expression "Celtic cross" for crosses outside Ireland and a part of the British Isle is clearly abusive (except those imitated from there). The French examples are not Celtic crosses (and there are less in Brittany than in Normandy or in Limousin) and the Galician crosses too. There are crosses with nimbus, but not Celtic crosses, the Celtic crosses are a kind of crosses with nimbus. They correspond to an evolution of the discoidal slabs we can find everywhere. Just a look on this well-made site http://sgdelestaing.pagesperso-orange.fr/index.htm. Regards Nortmannus (talk) 20:03, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

Look at this, everybody is Celtic probably http://www.entrelacs-knots.net/les-formes/les-entrelacs-g%C3%A9om%C3%A9triques/les-4-feuilles-4f/ and this http://www.flickr.com/photos/49792992@N02/4598925871/ Genova Italy. Nortmannus (talk) 20:18, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

Or the Saint-Maur cross. Saint Maur was Italian http://www.assomption.org/Presentations/CroixDeSaintMaur.htm RegardsNortmannus (talk) 20:48, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

Galicia

Como vai todo caro compañeiro? ;), vexo que traballando duro!. Sobre o artigo "Galicia", estou pensando en reconfigurar todo o artigo tomando por modelo [1], que che parece?.--Alexander Vigo (talk) 16:12, 26 May 2012 (UTC)

*krowkā-

Olá. Podes ajudar a colocar a referência em Crouga ; *krowkā-. no artigo cuco? É um dos deuses do panteão galego-lusitano. Obrigada89.214.119.56 (talk) 19:02, 12 August 2012 (UTC)

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wiki-wiki

Ola, Froaringus! Din co artigo List of Galician words of Celtic origin e vin que o crearas ti. Anímaste a traducilo ao galego e crealo na Galipedia? Sería fantástico contar con máis achegas túas na wiki en galego. Un saúdo! --Estevoaei (talk) 14:05, 21 October 2012 (UTC)

Parabéns pola paternidade, meu!
Noutra orde de cousas, anímote a botarlle un ollo de vez en cando á Taberna da Galipedia, ou á páxina de Facebook (se andas nas redes sociais) por se queres andar pendente de se se organiza algunha quedada de editores por Galicia adiante. Saúde! --Estevoaei (talk) 12:23, 25 October 2012 (UTC)

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Suevic

You seem to know about the Suevic language. What do you think of creating a page for it? Ungoliant MMDCCLXIV (talk) 18:53, 28 July 2013 (UTC)

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I wondering under what grounds you make the case that the Galicians were a "Celtic" people. Kezzer16 (talk) 11:45, 11 May 2014 (UTC)

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You need me to prove that the Wikipedia article spells Caldo gallego with two Ls? Do you need a screenshot of the article? Just look at the article. MartinezMD (talk) 14:43, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

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Olá

Olá Froaringus, será que estás disponivel? É a segunda vez que te peço ajuda. Precisava de alguém com os teus conhecimentos para resolver uma discussão, que eu sinceramente não tenho nenhum tempo livre para ficar a responder. È aqui Talk:Coco (folklore). Ajudaste à algum tempo atrás (muito tempo) com uma referência no artigo para a etymologia de crouca. Podes dar uma opinião?? Obrigada46.189.134.151 (talk) 19:26, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

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Sarria

Thanks Froaringus for the correction in the article Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762). Hispanicultur (talk) 19:06, 16 December 2015 (UTC)

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A barnstar

		The Original Barnstar
		For thorough, well referenced work on historical toponymy and lexicography. Alarichall (talk) 21:53, 20 July 2018 (UTC)

@Alarichall: Wow! Thank you very much! :-) You're too kind! --Froaringus (talk) 09:12, 21 July 2018 (UTC)

Could you offer an opinion re Viking expansion?

Hi there Froaringus! I wondered if you'd be able to help with Viking_expansion#Iberian_Peninsula. I just ask because you've added material to Vikings in Iberia, so you seem to be interested. (And certainly don't feel obliged because I gave you a barnstar!)

When I created Vikings in Iberia, I based it on this section in the page Viking expansion: Viking_expansion#Iberian_Peninsula. (This involved a lot of rewriting, correcting and updating.)

There's now some uncertainty about how to adapt Viking_expansion#Iberian_Peninsula to reflect the fact that Vikings in Iberia is now the main page for this topic. I've suggested how Viking_expansion#Iberian_Peninsula could be changed at: Talk:Viking_expansion#Seeking_review_of_some_edits_re_Iberia_and_the_Mediterranean. I wonder if you would mind offering your opinion on on that talk page about whether the suggested Iberia text looks okay, or point out things you think might need changing?

No worries if not :-) Commenting on talk pages isn't the most fun part of Wikipedia editing, I know! Alarichall (talk) 19:27, 25 July 2018 (UTC)

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