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Parts of speech is used to build a phrase, clause or even sentence. Phrase is created with words without a verb. Clause is created with words including a verb and subject except the verb is intransitive. Sentence is created with words including subject, verb and object. Since there is sentence, there are many types of sentence. Compound sentence is included with a conjunction. E.g. I ate both meat and vegetables. Complex sentence is included with a conjunction but there are sequence of arranging the event. E.g. When you are out, close the door. The difference between compound sentence and complex sentence depends on the sequence of the time. Once there is no time sequence, it belongs to compound sentence.

Noun

To create a sentence, noun is the most important key to do it. It is a word that shows an object, person, place or feelings.

There are several types of nouns but let's not be too informative here. If you want to know more, go to Agreement with nouns.

Verb

To create a sentence or a clause, verb is the most important key to do it. It is a words that shows the action, event or state. Verbs are divided into different tenses and you can know all the tenses by clicking here.

There are four types of verbs: Ordinary verbs, modal verbs, transitive verbs and intransitive verbs.

Transitive Verbs

Transitive verbs are verbs which must include the object.

E.g.

I played football with my friend yesterday.

Some verbs are transitive verbs and they can't be used without an object.

E.g.

He lay down to his bed every night.

Intransitive Verbs

Intransitive verbs are verbs which mustn't include the object. However, don't mix up with clause. Once the verb is totally intransitive, then it must be a sentence.

E.g.

I lie down.

It is a sentence because "lie" is intransitive.

I lay down.

It is a clause because "lay" is transitive.

Verbs which are totally intransitive are quite rare. Most of the verbs are both transitive and intransitive.

Ordinary Verbs

Ordinary verbs include verbs that show actions and a permanent state. Active verbs show actions while stative verbs show a permanent state which can't be accompanied with continuous tense.

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are used to possibility and interjection. "Might" has the less possibility while "Must" has the most possibility and the most interjection.

Pronoun

Pronouns are the abbrevations of a noun. It helps people to prevent using the same noun but it can also mystify people like Tim is good. Jack is good. Therefore, he likes his goodness. What does "he" and "his" refers to? Therefore, don't get mystified like the example above.

There are 7 pronouns and they are:

I - It means yourself.

You - It means that you are talking to the person you are talking to.

We - It means a group of people including you.

They - It means a group of people excluding you.

He - It means you are pointing to a male that you are not talking to.

She - It means you are pointing to a female that you are not talking to.

It - It means you are pointing to an animal/dead objects/solids that you are not talking to.

There are different types of pronouns:

Subject pronoun is all the 7 original pronouns mentioned above and they don't need to be changed.

Object pronoun is a pronoun that you make it as an object. I → me, you → you, we → us, they → them, he → him, she → her, it → it.

Possessive pronoun is a pronoun that you are telling that something that is belong to somebody. I → mine, you → yours, we → ours, they → theirs, he → his, she → hers. Note that we seldom or even never use "its" as possessive pronoun.

Reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that the person is doing by the same person. I → myself, you → yourself/yourselves, we → ourselves, they → themselves, he → himself, she → herself, it → itself. Note that -ves is added when there is more than a person.

Adjective

Adjective is a word which describes a noun. Most adjectives end with -able, -al, -ant, -ar, -ary, -ate, -end, -ent, -er, -ful, -iant, -ible, -ic, -ical, -ing, -ious, -ish, -ive, -less, -ly, -ont, -ory, -ous, -some, and -y.

There are several types of adjectives:

Comparative is an adjectival phrase which is comparing two nouns or is saying that the product or idea is better. When comparing two nouns, "than" should be added. Comparatives with two syllables or below is added with -er and different forms can be founded in Agreement on nouns. Comparatives with two syllables or above is added with more/less.

Superlative is an adjectival phrase which is saying that it is the greatest. It must be added with a "the" before accompanying with a superlative. Superlatives with two syllables or below is added with -est and different forms or theory can be founded in Agreement on nouns. Superlatives with two syllables or above is added with most/least.

Some words in comparative or superlative has irregular forms. We call them irregular adjectives.

Possessive adjective is an adjective which is saying the noun is belong to somebody. Note that possessive pronoun is put at the back of the sentence when mentioning the belonging object and at the front when excluding the belonging object and possessive adjective is put just in front of the belonging object. Examples of possessive adjectives: "My", "Jack's" etc. I → my, you → your, we → our, they → their, he → his, she → her, it → its.

Adjectival phrase is a phrase which is describing the noun. For example: The man with big tummy is playing football.

Adverb

Adverb is a word that describes a verb (in most cases), an adjective or another adverb. They are usually added with -ly and different forms or theory can be founded in Agreement on nouns. Sometimes some headwords are adverb, for example: hard and always and they cannot change their forms.

There are several types of adverbs or adverbial phrases: Adverbs of means, manner, place, reason, result, duration, degree, frequency and time. To distinguish adverbs and adverbial phrases. Adverbs contain only one word while adverbial phrase contain two or more words and it might include a conjunction or preposition.

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of manner shows how the person is doing in which manner.

Fudge talked to the teacher in a rude way' (adverbial phrase).

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of place shows where something happens.

I lost my handbook somewhere (adverb).

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of reason tells you why the person/animal does it.

I wrote an SMS to remind my teacher.

Adverbs of result

Adverbs of result tells you the conclusion of the object.

Heavy anger makes children to cry.

Adverbs of means

Adverbs of means tells you ways of the verb.

Clear the corridor by using sweeper.

Adverbs of duration

Adverbs of duration tells you how long you are doing this action.

I will have done my homework by 10 o'clock.

Adverbs of degree

Adverbs of degree shows what extent. They usually go before verbs.

I barely know how to solve this equation.

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of frequency shows how frequent you do the action.

I always go back to home by MTR (Adverbial of means).

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of time shows when the action takes place.

The plane will arrive on time.

Preposition

Preposition is a word that indicates the location, time and movement etc. It is usually used before a word.

Most of the cases, prepositions of location and movement is easy to understand and easy to master, whilst preposition of time is easy to understand but hard to master.

Conjunction

See on top

Conjunction or connective is a word that links to sentence together. When linking together, it is called compound sentence. When it showed a chronological order, it is called complex sentence.

Example of compound sentence:

Giraffe is tall, so it can eat leaves from trees easily.

Example of complex sentence:

After we had done our homework, we played.

Sentence structure

There are 3 types of sentence.

Type 1 - It includes a subject, a transitive verb and an object.

I am a boy.

Type 2 - It includes a subject and an intransitive verb.

I lie down.

Type 3 - It includes a subject, a -be verb and an adjective.

I am busy.

Interjection

Interjection shows your exclamation. Words like cheers, hip-hip hooray, phew! etc. are interjection.

Auxiliary (Verbs)

Auxiliary verbs are verbs which help to support the tense or sentence.

I am playing my phone. (Progressive aspect)

I got hurt. (Passive voice)

I have played with my brother. (Perfect aspect)

I do want my phone back. (Rare case, adding do shows more exclamation.) (Emphasis)

I do not want my phone back. (Dummy function)

I will play my phone soon. (Future aspect)

Modals are used to as a role of auxiliary, like "can" etc.

Article

Articles are auxiliaries which help to support the noun. A, an and the are the only 3 articles.