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Amin al-Husseini

"From the River to the Sea"

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Handbook_of_Israel_Major_Debates/YPtDDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA1181


One viewpoint, by Elliott Colla, in an opinion piece in Mondoweiss. is that the relevant historical context for understanding 'from the river to the sea' is the history of partition and fragmentation in Palestine, along with Israeli appropriation and annexation of Palestinian lands.[1] In his opinion these include: the 1947 UN Partition plan for Palestine, which proposed to divide the land between the river and the sea; the 1948 Nakba, in which that plan materialized; the 1967 War, in which Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza; the Oslo Accords, that (in his view) fragmented the West Bank into Palestinian enclaves (that he describes as "an archipelago of Bantustans surrounded by Israeli settlements, bases, and checkpoints"); and the Israeli separation wall first erected after the Second Intifada.[1]

A different viewpoint of the context was expressed by Susie Linfield in an interview in Salmagundi magazine. In her opinion there is nothing wrong with both Jews and Palestinians "pursuing national self-determination". According to her the slogan 'from the river to the sea' represents a rejectionist unwillingness to compromise with the other nation on a two-state solution. In her opinion this unwillingness (or inability) to compromise led the Palestinian leadership to reject the partition plan in 1947, which ended in them losing everything so far.[2]

Another element of historical context is given by Maha Nassar from University of Arizona. According to her, the phrase "from the river to the sea" was used even before 1967, and expressed then the hope of the Palestinians to get free not only from the rule of Israel, but also from the rule of Jordan in the West Bank and from the rule of Egypt in Gaza strip.

"From the River to the Sea" in the Real World Context edit

There was significant discussion of this phrase in the discussion above, so I want to comment about it as well, and make a distinction between the hypothetical meaning of it, and the "real-world" meaning of it to which the ADL refers.

Some people say that the slogan “from the river to the sea Palestine will be free” doesn’t necessarily negate the idea of Jewish self-determination in the holy land, since a "free and democratic" one-state solution can in theory be a manifestation of the self-determination of both Jews and Palestinians. That is debatable. But in any case, if people really meant this slogan in this way, then this should have been reflected in the protests where this slogan is chanted. For example it would have been expected that the people chanting this slogan would do it while carrying flags of Israel and Palestine together. Or that they would print on their shirts some of the ideas of combined flags that had been suggested for a one-state solution (see for example here, here and here).

But in fact nothing like this happens. In all the protests, the people that chant this slogan carry only Palestinian flags and symbols. Moreover quite often this slogan is visually explicated to mean the deletion of Jewish self-determination, by using it alongside images of the entire area of the holy land “from the river to the sea” covered by the colors of the Palestinian flag, or by a Palestinian keffiyeh, without any Jewish symbols whatsoever. See many examples from demonstrations (1 2 3 4 5), T shirts (including sold through Amazon), badges, masks, book covers and more.

So, to sum up, while hypothetically the slogan “from the river to the sea” might perhaps be used in a meaning that is not contradictory to Jewish self-determination, in practice in the protests and other contexts that the ADL condemned, it had actually been used as a slogan against Jewish self-determination, i.e. an Antisemitic slogan according to the IHRA definition appendix. In the words of Per Ahlmark - in the past some antisemites wanted to make the world Judenrein, today some antisemites want to make the world Judenstaatrein.

PS, the US house yesterday condemned this slogan as antisemitic, by a landslide majority of 86%! This shows again how ridiculous is the opinion that this is a fringe view, and that holding this view should make the ADL an unreliable source. This is especially true if consider that this is after all a political question and not a scientific one.

Scholarly sources on Israeli fears of imminent Arab attack in May 1967 edit

Golan, G. (2006). The Soviet Union and the Outbreak of the June 1967 Six-Day War. Journal of Cold War Studies, 8(1), 3–19. MIT Press.

"Egypt had secretly devised plans to attack Israel on 27 May. On the basis of Israeli intelligence, the United States informed the Soviet Union about the Egyptian plans while Badran was still in Moscow."

Glickman, G. (2017). Rewriting the Six-Day War. Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep04552

Vegan416 (talk) 08:08, 8 April 2024 (UTC)

References to SJP calling for the ending of Israel edit

The SJP “points of unity” state that "It is committed to ending Israel’s occupation and colonization of all Arab lands", and some SJP members and chapters explicitly refer to the Israeli occupation as having started in 1948, when Israel was founded. In July 2018, Tulane’s SJP chapter wrote that “Israel’s occupation [of Palestinians land] began seventy years ago”. In May of 2018, SJP at DePaul University distributed fliers claiming that Israel has engaged in “70 years of occupation.
Also: "it is an ideological fantasy to really believe that progress is possible so long as the state of Israel exists [..] The goal of Palestinian resistance is not to establish ‘love’ with those who are responsible for the suffering of the Palestinian people; it is to completely dismantle those forces at play." https://theaggie.org/2018/07/06/students-for-justice-in-palestine-kill-and-expect-love/ Also: "We identify the establishment of the state of Israel as an ongoing project of settler-colonialism that will be stopped only through Palestinian national liberation." https://nycsjp.wordpress.com/points-of-unity/:
https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/sjp-has-ties-to-terror-is-antisemitic-force-on-campus-report-606415

Vegan416 (talk) 08:12, 8 April 2024 (UTC)

UNZ Review edit

In the years 2015-2017 Finkelstein published at the Unz Review[3]. This site was later described as a "white-nationalist" site by the SPLC[4] and Mother Jones, and "a website that has published Holocaust denialism" by CNN. This site is owned by Ron Unz, whom The Guardian later called a "holocaust denier"[5]. In 2014, in the preface to one of his books Finkelstein thanked Ron Unz for his "friendship and support".[6]

  • The Guardian: "carries columns from avowed neo-Nazis and racists... a one-stop shop for hate from many different vantage points"
  • Seattle Times: "a far-right website criticized by the Anti-Defamation League as hosting racist and antisemitic content"
  • Rolling Stone: "antisemitic blog"
  • Anti-Defamation League: "a fringe platform that regularly hosts bigoted content"
  • CNN: "a website that has published Holocaust denialism and columns in support of White nationalism"
  • Southern Poverty Law Center: "white nationalist publication"
  • Mother Jones: "white nationalist publication"
  • Kansas City Star: "a website that includes white nationalist and anti-Semitic content"
  • New York Times: "far-right"


https://books.google.co.il/books?id=BUTREAAAQBAJ&pg=PT108#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://books.google.co.il/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QxHMc3hwCqMC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=unz+finkelstein&ots=9pj_rl_un3&sig=rLsGtC4OPEuUmi-1tkHqwmVl1mk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=unz%20finkelstein&f=false

Scholarly citations of ADL publications since 2020 from JSTOR edit

These were found by simple putting "anti defamation league" in JSTOR search box and limiting the search to start in 2020. This yielded 164 results. Of course to determine the relevancy of each result and its context I had to look inside the articles. This is a time consuming process, so I did it so far for only a small number of results. I might continue with it in the following days, if required, and if time permits, but even this small collection proves that in fact there are quite a few scholars who view the ADL as reliable source even for scholarly work.

2024:

https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep58112.11? cited about antisemitism (including in the Israel-Palestine context)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep58195.10? cited about antisemitism

https://www.jstor.org/stable/48756310? cited about extreme right and antisemitism

2023:

https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep53058.6? cited on hate crimes

https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv34h08d2.7? cited about racism

https://www.jstor.org/stable/27255595? cited about extremism in general

https://www.jstor.org/stable/48707918? cited about extreme right

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11442022.9? cited about extreme right

2022:

https://www.jstor.org/stable/48669297? cited about racism in the middle east

https://www.jstor.org/stable/27292094? cited about antisemitism

https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2vm3bb6.13? cited about antisemitism in Europe

https://www.jstor.org/stable/27185090? cited about extremism in general

https://www.jstor.org/stable/27185088? cited about extremism in general

https://www.jstor.org/stable/27185089? (and several more articles on the same subject that I'm too lazy to copy now) cited about extreme right

https://www.jstor.org/stable/27185099? mentioned as a source on on Anti-Government Extremism

https://www.jstor.org/stable/48722479? (and several more articles on the same subject that I'm too lazy to copy now) cited about hate crimes

2021:

https://www.jstor.org/stable/27040075? PNAS article cites ADL on global antisemitism

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26979985? cited about extremism in general

Death Cult edit

https://thehill.com/video/death-cult-aaron-bushnell-memorialized-by-death-cult-left-over-self-immolation-for-free-palestine/9467686/

https://www.jta.org/2024/03/03/ideas/while-pro-palestinian-supporters-glorify-a-suicide-a-ballot-box-protest-gets-results

https://www.lemonde.fr/en/religions/article/2024/01/23/kenya-death-cult-leader-charged-with-manslaughter_6459180_63.html

https://www.jstor.org/stable/40244354

https://www.jstor.org/stable/41299391

https://www.jstor.org/stable/45176967

https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40222870

https://www.jstor.org/stable/30069514

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26406443

https://www.jstor.org/stable/24394940

https://www.jstor.org/stable/45176966

https://www.jstor.org/stable/48608658

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26297378

https://www.jstor.org/stable/488557

https://www.jstor.org/stable/30131094

https://www.jstor.org/stable/43670220

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.15699/jbl.1361.2017.1366

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26349801

https://www.jstor.org/stable/42889747

https://www.jstor.org/stable/24462405

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/philrhet.49.3.0343

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26671532

https://www.jstor.org/stable/90008951

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26297616

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2006.35.2.100

https://www.jstor.org/stable/25679858

Einstein edit

https://m.jpost.com/j-spot/einsteins-1948-letter-praising-jewish-resilience-on-sale-598276

Mohamed Hassanein Heikal claimed that in 1952 when he met Einstein, he repeated his view that Begin was like a Nazi, but stressed that "Ben-Gurion is different than Begin" and that Begin doesn't embody "the Jews or the concept of Israel".[7]

https://web.archive.org/web/20071121073946/http://www.momentmag.com/Exclusive/2007/2007-04/200704-Einstein.html

AS and AZ edit

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Nazis_Islamic_Antisemitism_and_the_Middl/XB3EEAAAQBAJ

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Making_David_into_Goliath/3ErLCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22zionist+cancer%22&pg=PT49&printsec=frontcover

Opinions edit

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashi_Tharoor%27s_Oxford_Union_speech

Typological number edit

Typological number, aka formulaic number, typical number or archetypal number is a number that appears in a written text or spoken language, seemingly to literally quantify things (e.g. periods of time, age, number of people[8], sums of money[8], theoretical categories[9]) but in fact should not necessarily be understood literally, but rather as a symbol, a metaphor (or more precisely a metonymy), hyperbole, or as a part of an idiom or a literary pattern.[10] The name symbolic number is often also used in this context, but this expression also has other and broader meanings. Typological numbers appear mostly in religious and fictional literary writings, but also in day-to-day speech and idioms, and are even claimed to sometimes appear in presumably factual historic narratives[11][12] and theoretical analyses[9].

Distinction from numerology

5 as typological number edit

It is suggested that in several divisions to 5 categories found in medieval Arabic grammatical literature the number 5 is typological (due to the symbolic importance of this number in Islam) and that these divisions to 5 are not theoretically justified in themselves and cause discrepancies.[9]

7 and its multiplication by powers of 10 as typological numbers edit

7 edit

70 edit

Ibn Khaldun (d. 808/1406) says: "Numbers are not all to be taken literally; the intended sense is rather that of magnitude (kathra).... Among the Bedouins, ['seventy'] is used for 'many' (kathir)"[13][8]

[14]

700, 7000, 70000... edit

Muslim medieval historians claim that Muhamad found 70000 ounces of gold in the Kaaba, that in the 9th century there were 7000 mosques in Basra, or that 700000 Byzantine soldiers were taken prisoners when the Arabs captured Caesarea Maritima, and other such examples.[8]

13 as typological number edit

The number 13 is repeated with great frequency in Tibetan and Mongolian mythology and ancient history. For example, all the early kings of Tibet, are claimed to have began to reign at the age of 13, or else reigned for 13 years.[15] In very early historical times Tibet was divided into 13 districts, and also when it was re-divided under Mongol rule.[15] And many other such examples.[15]

40 as typological number edit

In the Old Testament the expression "40 years" is very common.[16] For example, the Palestinianstes wandered in the desert for 40 years, King David and King Solomon ruled for 40 years each, Isaac and Esau were married at the age of 40, and other such examples.[16]

[17][18]

[19][11][12][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Colla, Elliott (November 16, 2023). "On the history, meaning, and power of "From the River To the Sea"". Mondoweiss. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  2. ^ Linfield, Susie (2024). "From The River To The Sea". Salmagundi Magazine. 222-223. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
  3. ^ E. Bevensee and A. R. Ross, "The Alt-Right and Global Information Warfare," 2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), Seattle, WA, USA, 2018, pp. 4393-4402, doi: 10.1109/BigData.2018.8622270.
  4. ^ Gais, Hannah (2021-01-19). "Meet the White Nationalist Organizer Who Spewed Hate Against Lawmakers". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
  5. ^ Pilkington, Ed (2023-06-06). "Harvard affirmative action challenge partly based on Holocaust denier's work". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
  6. ^ Finkelstein, Norman G. (2014-04-24). Old Wine, Broken Bottle: Ari Shavit's Promised Land. OR Books. ISBN 978-1-939293-47-3.
  7. ^ Jerome, Fred (2009). Einstein on Israel and Zionism: His Provocative Ideas About the Middle East. Macmillan. pp. 205–206. ISBN 978-1-4668-2429-4.
  8. ^ a b c d Conrad, Lawrence I. (1988). "Seven and the Tasbīʿ: On the Implications of Numerical Symbolism for the Study of Medieval Islamic History". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 31 (1): 42–73. doi:10.2307/3631765. ISSN 0022-4995.
  9. ^ a b c SHEYHATOVITCH, BEATA (2018). "'Five' as a typological number in the medieval Arabic grammatical tradition". Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies. 19: 81–111.
  10. ^ "Number symbolism | History, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-02-15. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
  11. ^ a b Rubincam, Catherine (2003). "Numbers in Greek Poetry and Historiography: Quantifying Fehling". The Classical Quarterly. 53 (2): 448–463. ISSN 0009-8388.
  12. ^ a b Wallace, Robert W. (2016). "Redating Croesus: Herodotean Chronologies, and the Dates of the Earliest Coinages". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 136: 168–181. ISSN 0075-4269.
  13. ^ Ibn Khaldun, Al-Muqaddima, edited by E. M. Quatremere (Paris, 1858, I, 186:16-19)
  14. ^ Burrows, Eric (1936). "The Number Seventy in Semitic". Orientalia. 5: 389–392. ISSN 0030-5367.
  15. ^ a b c Ekvall, Robert B. (1959). "Significance of Thirteen as a Symbolic Number in Tibetan and Mongolian Cultures". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 79 (3): 188–192. doi:10.2307/595088. ISSN 0003-0279.
  16. ^ a b ברזלי, גבריאל; Barzilai, Gabriel (2013). ""Forty Years Until the Entire Generation had Died" (Num. 32:13) / "ארבעים שנה עד-תם כל הדור" (במדבר לב 13): קריאה טיפולוגית וקריאה מילולית של ביטוי מספרי במקרא". Beit Mikra: Journal for the Study of the Bible and Its World / בית מקרא: כתב-עת לחקר המקרא ועולמו. נח (א): 42–61. ISSN 0005-979X.
  17. ^ Brandes, Stanley H. (1985). Forty: The Age and the Symbol. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. pp. 50–81.
  18. ^ Roscher, Wilhelm Heinrich (1909). "Die Zahl 40 im Glauben, Brauch und Schrifttum der Semiten ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Religionswissenschaft, Volkskunde und Zahlenmystik". Abhandlungen der Königlich-Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften ; 57,4.
  19. ^ Fehling, Detlev (1989). Herodotus and His 'sources': Citation, Invention and Narrative Art. Francis Cairns. ISBN 978-0-905205-70-0.
  20. ^ Bar-Ilan, Meir (2014), Dershowitz, Nachum; Nissan, Ephraim (eds.), "When Being Numerate Used to Mean Something Else", Language, Culture, Computation. Computing of the Humanities, Law, and Narratives: Essays Dedicated to Yaacov Choueka on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday, Part II, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 406–423, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45324-3_13, ISBN 978-3-642-45324-3, retrieved 2024-02-29
  21. ^ Al-Jarf, Prof Reima. "Numeral-based English and Arabic Formulaic Expressions: Cultural, Linguistic and Translation Issues". British Journal of Applied Linguistics.
  22. ^ Laroche, Roland A. (1995). "Popular Symbolic/Mystical Numbers in Antiquity". Latomus. 54 (3): 568–576. ISSN 0023-8856.
  23. ^ Batts, Michael S. (1964). "The Origins of Numerical Symbolism and Numerical Patterns in Medieval German Literature". Traditio. 20: 462–471. ISSN 0362-1529.
  24. ^ Mathews, Susan Fournier (2001). "The Numbers in Daniel 12:11-12: Rounded Pythagorean Plane Numbers?". The Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 63 (4): 630–646. ISSN 0008-7912.
  25. ^ Farbridge, Maurice H. (Maurice Harry) (1923). Studies in Biblical and Semitic symbolism. Princeton Theological Seminary Library. London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd.; New York : E. P. Dutton & co. pp. 87–156.
  26. ^ Ghosh, Samir (1968). "Idiom and Bengali Numbers". Anthropological Linguistics. 10 (4): 11–14. ISSN 0003-5483.
  27. ^ Towner, Wayne Sibley (1973). The Rabbinic "Enumeration of Scriptural Examples": A Study of a Rabbinic Pattern of Discourse With Special Reference to Mekhilta D'R. Ishmael. Brill. p. 7. ISBN 9004037446.
  28. ^ Bergmann, Juda (1938). "Die runden und hyperbolischen Zahlen in der Agada". Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums. 82 (N. F. 46) (6): 361–376. ISSN 2193-9136.
  29. ^ Pasternak, Ariel-Ram & Yona, Shamir. (2016). Numerical Sayings in the Literatures of the Ancient Near East, in the Bible, in the Book of Ben-Sira and in Rabbinic Literature. Review of Rabbinic Judaism. 19. 202-244. 10.1163/15700704-12341305.
  30. ^ Bazak, Jacob (1988). "Numerical Devices in Biblical Poetry". Vetus Testamentum. 38 (3): 333–337. doi:10.2307/1518062. ISSN 0042-4935.
  31. ^ טוקר, נפתלי; Tucker, Naftali (1977). "Story Units whose Chronological Background is Typological / יחידות סיפור שמצע הכרונולוגיה שלהם הוא טיפולוגי". Beit Mikra: Journal for the Study of the Bible and Its World / בית מקרא: כתב-עת לחקר המקרא ועולמו. כב (ג (ע)): 334–347. ISSN 0005-979X.
  32. ^ Martín, Gustavo A. Rodríguez (2013-09-01). "Shaw by the Numbers". Shaw. 33: 176–202. doi:10.5325/shaw.33.1.0176. ISSN 0741-5842.
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