A natural region , or traditional country of France , is a territory of often limited extent (a few tens of kilometers) having homogeneous physical characteristics ( geomorphology , geology , climate , soils , water resources ) associated with a human occupation also homogeneous ( perception and management of specific terroirs developing landscapes and their own cultural identity). In some cases, traditional countries are subdivided into territories 1 .
The term "natural region" should be distinguished from that of " administrative region " which, in France, concerns the political organization and administrative management of a territory.
Summary
1 The historical legacy
2 Contemporary reality
3 A revival of the concept of traditional country or natural region
4 List of natural regions of France
5 Notes and references
6 Related articles
Historical legacy
Many natural regions of France could correspond to a political limit of the Middle Ages , inherited from the Gallo-Roman pagi , and sometimes, through them, from the territory of a Gallic people or to the influence of a city on its hinterland. . These "country" 2 were both recognized and invented by geographers 3 by local scholars 4 and older rural population, particularly since the xvi th century 5 . They can also take root in the long history of a feudal stronghold 6. In time, the natural regions, confused with the political power which administered them, were able to give their name to a much larger entity. This implies sometimes deep confusion: the same appellation often designating very different spaces and sometimes unrelated to the "country" which bears this name (the natural region, its more or less permanent area of historic influence, its possible administrative avatars) . There are many examples:
the country of France has extended its name to France ; the Artois (Arras countries) and the Artois County ; the Hainaut (which was originally limited to the valley Haine ) refers to historical entities and administrative province (of Belgium ); the Loire Valley which includes part of the Center-Loire Valley region , Mayenne , Sarthe and Maine-et-Loire . Contemporary reality The current administrative boundaries only very rarely coincide with a natural region or a traditional country. In addition, the cultural part and the historical inheritances which influence the perception of a "natural" region sometimes make delicate a precise definition of each "country", in particular in the absence of a strong physical determinism . The perception of a space lived and shared by its inhabitants tends to fade with the standardization of lifestyles, urbanization, the mechanization of agriculture, the attraction of regional metropolises. Natural regions nonetheless remain a tangible reality, sometimes preponderant, through natural resources and constraints, soils, landscapes, toponyms, traditional architecture, gastronomy, local identities.
A revival of the concept of traditional country or natural region Provided with a more or less asserted physical and cultural identity, the natural regions of France are a space perceived and lived by their inhabitants, but often with uncertain limits without administrative recognition. Their scale is however often relevant and adapted to regional planning, so the notion of natural region and traditional country is now taken into consideration through the LOADTP (Orientation Law for Sustainable Regional Planning) which defines countries (regional planning) with specific projects. The existence of these new entities causes confusion, because the countries of the Voynet law, while sometimes using an identical name, are different in nature and do not use exactly the same limits, for example for the traditional country of Bray and the country of Bray Voynet law .
The names given to the countries of the Voynet law can be misleading by suggesting that they include the municipalities of the old historical and cultural provinces. If this is true for the majority of the communes, the delimitation and very often the name of these administrative countries do not take account of the historical limits. It is in fact a delimitation which follows the limits of the cantons.
List of natural regions of France Main article: List of natural regions of France . Bénédicte and Jean-Jacques Fénié 7 count 546 of them from Pays d'Ach to Yvelines . Frédéric Zégierman 8 counts 426 with 1,800 natural units. The relatively vague notion of the traditional country or natural region limits the possibility of establishing a precise list. Different entities, just as relevant as each other but with different criteria or point of view, are likely to overlap in the same geographic space.