WikiSoo Course edit
Articles I might want to work on:
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Last Updated: --Ryanx7 (talk) 02:17, 7 March 2014 (UTC)
Rafting Equipment edit
Rafts There are a variety of different types of boats used in white water rafting and the equipment continues to evolve.
- Symmetrical Rafts - These boats consist of a symmetrical outside tube that connect to an attached floor. Two varieties of raft are typically used in whitewater rafting: Self-Bailing and non-self bailing. Self-bailing boats consist of an inflated floor surrounded by a gutter that allows water to escape out the bottom. Non-Self bailing rafts, sometimes called "bucket boats," require water to be removed via bucket.
- Inflatable Kayak - A fusion of a kayak/canoe shape with inflatable raft technology. These craft typically consist of two inflated tubes around an inflated floor. They are available in both self-bailing and non self-bailing varieties.
- Catarafts - Caterafts are a Catamaran style craft that typically consist of two inflated tubes connected together by an oar frame. recently manufactures have started to produce smaller paddle boat versions that are held together by an inflated set of thwarts and floor.
Configuations
- Paddle Raft
- Oar Boat
- Motorized Rafts
Basic Equipment
- Oars
- Paddles
- Rope, webbing, and cam straps
Safety Equipment
- Personal Flotation Device (PFD)
- Throw Bag
- Wrap Kit
AW edit
The organization was founded in 1954 as the American WhiteWater Affiliation incorporated in 1961.[1] Upon its founding, the organizational members set two advance four principle objectives. (1) Encourage the exploration, enjoyment, and preservation of America’s recreational waterways for human-powered craft. (2) Protect the wilderness character of waterways through conservation of water, forests, parks, wildlife, and related resources. (3) Promote and celebrate safety, proficiency and responsibility in all aspects of whitewater activities such as the navigation of moving water, teaching, teamwork, leadership, and equipment design, by publishing and demonstrating our support for instructional development in these and related fields. (4) Promote appreciation and respect for the value of wilderness activity and whitewater sports.
Journal edit
The American Whitewater started publishing a journal in 1955. The American Whitewater Journal was considered the first whitewater magazine in the United States. Traditionally it consisted of stories, safety information, equipment information, and paddling technique instruction. [2] In 2004 the association created a digital archive making the previous 50 years of journals available for online access.[2]
Major Achievements edit
- Wild and Scenic Rivers Act: American Whitewater contributed many of the initial concepts for protection of Wisconsin's waterways that Senator Gaylord Nelson incorporated into the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act that was passed into law in 1968.[3]
- Dam removal: American Whitewater has worked with a variety of organizations to further the cause of removing dams and restoring natural flows to riverways.[4]
- Hydropower relicensing: American Whitewater was a founding member of the Hydropower Reform Coalition,an organization that represents public interests in hydropower relicensing. [5]
- Access: In collaboration with The Access Fund, The American Canoe Association, The International Mountain Bicycling Association, and The Winter Wildlands Alliance, American Whitewater helped found the Outdoor Alliance.[6] , an advocacy organization that promotes public access to natural resources.[7]
critiques edit
Public Sphere Pedagogy inherently is subject to many of the criticisms of Habermas' conception of the public sphere. Chief among them is the traditionally exclusionary nature. The bourgeois public sphere, as introduced by Habermas', has been characterized as highly patriarchal[8], and oblivious to the existence of female[9], and plebeian[10]styles of discourse. The concern here is that as a model of the bourgeois public sphere applications of public sphere pedagogy might alienate students and community members unaccustomed to this type of dialectic experience In addition to its exclusionary nature, attention has also been called to Habermas’ privileging of a hegemonic public sphere. Michael Warner argues that the bourgeois public sphere was structured to be affable to those privileged few whom made up the powerful upperclass.[11] While students participating in public sphere pedagogy application receive special training in their classrooms, the same is not necessarily true of community members who participate.
Possible Images for PSP Page edit
References edit
- ^ National Park Service (1994). 1994 River Conservation Directory. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 11. ISBN 0-16-037918-0. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
- ^ a b Singleton, Mark (2004-12-01). "American Whitewater Announces a 50-Year Journal Archive Available On-Line". Outdoor Industry Association. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
- ^ United States Congress Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (1967). Wild and scenic rivers: Hearings, Ninetieth Congress, first session. U.S. Govt. Print. Off.
- ^ Garren, Laura Ann (2013). The Chattooga River: a natural and cultural history. Natural history. Charleston, SC: The History Press. ISBN 9781609499853.
- ^ Power, United States Congress House Committee on Commerce Subcommittee on Energy and (1999-01-01). The Federal Hydroelectric Relicensing Process: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session, September 25, 1998. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160579998.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Chattoogawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "About". Outdoor Alliance. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
- ^ Fraser, Nancy (1990). "Rethinking the public sphere: A contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy". Social Text (25/26): 56–80. doi:10.2307/466240. ISSN 0164-2472. JSTOR 466240. Retrieved 2010-11-05.
- ^ Ryan, M. P. (1992). "Gender and public access: Women's politics in nineteenth century America". In Craig Calhoun (ed.) (ed.). Habermas and the public sphere. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. pp. 259–288. ISBN 0262531143.
{{cite book}}:|editor=has generic name (help) - ^ Negt, Oskar (1993). Public sphere and experience: Toward an analysis of the bourgeois and proletarian public sphere. Peter Labanyi, Jamie Owen Daniel, Assebja Oksiloff (trans.). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0816620318.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Warner, Michael (2002-06-15). Publics and counterpublics. New York, NY: Zone Books. ISBN 1890951285.