This user is an academic.
This user is a professional writer or journalist.
This user supports the Make Poverty History and ONE campaigns.




BAThis user has a Bachelor of Arts degree.
MAThis user has a Master of Arts degree.
PhDThis user has a Doctor of Philosophy degree.




enThis user is a native speaker of the English language.
US This user uses American English.




fr-2Cet utilisateur peut contribuer avec un niveau intermédiaire en français.
This user supports gender equality.
This user strives to maintain a policy of neutrality on controversial issues.




This user advocates WikiPeace.
UDHRThis user believes in Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
This user appreciates WikiLove.




This user maintains a strict policy advising against all personal attacks.

I delete any comments and uncivil "civility warnings" that offend me and that I regard as personal attacks from my own talk page (user space). Such deletions follow exceptions in WP:3RR#Exceptions and Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#User talk pages. Please be civil and assume that I am being civil too. WP:AGF. Thank you.


1RRThis user prefers discussing changes on the talk page rather than engaging in an edit war.

Please place comments discussing improvements to articles on their talk pages and not on my talk page. I copy and move such comments to article talk pages if it appears to me that they are misdirected and/or if I think that they are more relevant there. Thank you.


<ref>This user recognizes the importance of citing sources.

I respect conventions of academic scholarship. I follow Wikipedia's own guidelines and policies in attributing and citing pertinent reliable and verifiable sources to document articles properly. When there are interpretive conflicts or discrepancies in Wikipedia guidelines, I follow academic scholarly conventions assiduously.


This user respects copyright and other intellectual property rights.

For related information and policies pertaining to the legal necessity of respecting currently-enforced worldwide and jurisdictional copyright laws and all laws governing use of intellectual property, including artistic property, trademarks, and other legally-licensed creative (intellectual) works, please see: