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User:Mr. Ibrahem/Sodium thiopental

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Mr. Ibrahem/Sodium thiopental
Clinical data
Trade namesPentothal, Sodium Pentothal, Trapanal, others
Other namesThiopental sodium,[1] thiopental,[2] thiopentone,[3] truth serum
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: D
Routes of
administration		Intravenous (most common), by mouth, rectal
Drug classBarbiturate[1]
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding80%
MetabolismLiver
MetabolitesPentobarbital, others
Onset of action< 45 sec[5]
Elimination half-life5.5[6]–26 hours[7]
Duration of action5–15 min[5]
Identifiers
  • sodium 5-ethyl-5-pentan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC11H17N2NaO2S
Molar mass264.32 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
  • [Na+].O=C1NC(=S)/N=C(/[O-])C1(C(C)CCC)CC
  • InChI=1S/C11H18N2O2S.Na/c1-4-6-7(3)11(5-2)8(14)12-10(16)13-9(11)15;/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3,(H2,12,13,14,15,16);/q;+1/p-1 checkY
  • Key:AWLILQARPMWUHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Sodium thiopental, also known as thiopental and sold under the brand names Trapanal among others, is a general anesthetic.[1] It is used for induction of anesthesia, status epilepticus, and raised intracranial pressure in people who are ventilated.[2] It is given by injection into a vein.[2] Onset is less than 45 seconds with a duration of action of about 5 to 15 minutes.[5]

Common side effects include stopping of breathing, arrhythmias and decreased strength of heart contractions.[2][3] Anaphylaxis may occur, as may tissue death if injected into soft tissue.[3] There is a moderate risk of misuse.[1] Breastfeeding may occur after use.[2] It is a barbiturate and works by slowing brain activity.[1]

Sodium thiopental was discovered in 1934.[8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines as an alternative to propofol.[9] It is no longer sold in the United States since 2011.[10] In the United Kingdom a 500 mg vial costs the NHS about £6 as of 2023.[11]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e "Thiopental". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Thiopental sodium". BNF. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  3. ^ a b c Seth (2009). Textbook Of Pharmacology. Elsevier India. p. SA111-PA14. ISBN 9788131211588. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  4. ^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  5. ^ a b c Kost, Michael (2004). Moderate Sedation/Analgesia: Core Competencies for Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 114. ISBN 9780721603247. Archived from the original on 2023-09-13. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  6. ^ Russo H, Brès J, Duboin MP, Roquefeuil B (1995). "Pharmacokinetics of thiopental after single and multiple intravenous doses in critical care patients". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 49 (1–2): 127–37. doi:10.1007/BF00192371. PMID 8751034. S2CID 24285007.
  7. ^ Morgan DJ, Blackman GL, Paull JD, Wolf LJ (June 1981). "Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. II: Studies at cesarean section". Anesthesiology. 54 (6): 474–80. doi:10.1097/00000542-198106000-00006. PMID 7235275.
  8. ^ Ravina, Enrique (2011). The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs. John Wiley & Sons. p. 35. ISBN 9783527326693. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  9. ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
  10. ^ Mason, Keira (2021). Pediatric Sedation Outside of the Operating Room: A Multispecialty International Collaboration. Springer Nature. ISBN 9783030584061. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  11. ^ "Thiopental sodium Medicinal forms". BNF. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
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