Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | /ˌmaɪkoʊfɪˈnɒlɪk/ |
Trade names | CellCept, Myfortic, others |
Other names | Mycophenolate sodium, mycophenolate mofetil |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a601081 |
License data | |
Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous[2] |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 72% (sodium), 94% (mofetil)[3] |
Protein binding | 82–97%[3] |
Metabolism | Liver[3] |
Elimination half-life | 17.9±6.5 hours[3] |
Excretion | Urine (93%), faeces (6%)[3] |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C17H20O6 |
Molar mass | 320.341 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Mycophenolic acid (MPA), and also called mycophenolate, is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation and to treat Crohn's disease, SLE, interstitial lung disease, and scleroderma.[6][4] Specifically it is used following kidney, heart, and liver transplantation.[4] It can be given by mouth or by injection into a vein.[4] It comes as mycophenolate sodium and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).[4]
Common side effects include nausea, infections, and diarrhea.[4] Other serious side effects include an increased risk of cancer, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding.[4] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby.[4] Effects when taken by the father is unclear.[7] Mycophenolic acid is in the disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) family of medications.[6] It works by blocking inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), which is needed by lymphocytes to make guanosine.[4]
Mycophenolic acid was initially discovered by Italian Bartolomeo Gosio in 1893.[8][9] It was rediscovered in 1945 and 1968.[9] It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1995 following the discovery of its immunosuppressive properties in the 1990s.[4][8] It is available as a generic medication.[7] In the United Kingdom MMF at a dose of 1.5 gram twice daily costs the NHS about £25 per month as of 2021.[7] In the United States this amount is about US$114.[10] In 2017, it was the 254th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions.[11][12]
References
edit- ^ a b "Mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 24 January 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ^ Jasek W, ed. (2007). Austria-Codex (in German) (62nd ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. pp. 1484–95. ISBN 978-3-85200-181-4.
- ^ a b c d e "CellCept" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Roche Products Pty Limited. 13 December 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Mycophenolate Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ^ a b Shagroni, T.; Cazares, Ramirez; Kim, J. A.; Furst, Daniel E. (2020). "36. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, nonopioid analgesics, & drugs used in gout". In Katzung, Bertram G.; Trevor, Anthony J. (eds.). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 678. ISBN 978-1-260-45231-0.
- ^ a b c "8. Immune system and malignant disease". British National Formulary (BNF) (82 ed.). London: BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. September 2021 – March 2022. pp. 895–897. ISBN 978-0-85711-413-6.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ a b Schiff, Eugene R.; Maddrey, Willis C.; Sorrell, Michael F. (2011). Schiff's Diseases of the Liver. John Wiley & Sons. p. PT3219. ISBN 978-1-119-95048-6.
- ^ a b Laskin, Allen I.; Bennett, Joan W.; Gadd, Geoffrey M. (2001). Advances in Applied Microbiology. Gulf Professional Publishing. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-12-002648-7.
- ^ "Mycophenolate mofetil Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Mycophenolate Mofetil - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.