 | |
| Combination of | |
|---|---|
| Hydrocodone | Opioid analgesic |
| Paracetamol | Anilide analgesic |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Lorcet, Norco, Vicodin, others |
| Other names | Hydrocodone/acetaminophen, hydrocodone/APAP |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | FDA Professional Drug Information |
| Routes of administration | By mouth |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | >80% |
| Metabolism | Hydrocodone: extensively liver, primarily CYP3A4; Acetaminophen: liver, CYP2E1 |
| Elimination half-life | for hydrocodone: 228–294 mins (3.8–4.9 hrs); for paracetamol: 120–240 mins (2–4 hrs) |
| Excretion | for hydrocodone: urinary; for paracetamol: urinary (10–15% unchanged) |
  (what is this?) (verify) | |
Hydrocodone/paracetamol, also known as hydrocodone/acetaminophen, is the combination of the pain medications hydrocodone and paracetamol (acetaminophen).[2] It is used to treat moderate to severe pain.[2][3] It is taken by mouth.[2] Recreational use is common in the United States.[4][5]
Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, constipation, and vomiting.[2][3] Serious side effects include addiction, decreased rate of breathing, low blood pressure, serotonin syndrome, severe allergic reactions, and liver failure.[2] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby.[2] Use with alcohol is not recommended.[3] Hydrocodone works by binding to the mu-opioid receptor.[2] How acetaminophen works is unclear but may involve blocking the creation of prostaglandins.[2][6]
Hydrocodone/paracetamol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982.[2] In the United States, it is a schedule II controlled substance.[2] In 2017, it was the thirteenth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 40 million prescriptions.[7][8] It is not available in the United Kingdom,[9] though the combination codeine/paracetamol is.[10] It is sold under the brand names Vicodin and Norco among others.[2]
References edit
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen – FDA prescribing information". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
- ^ a b c Mancano, Michael; Gallagher, Jason (2010). Frequently Prescribed Medications. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 7. ISBN 9780763781170. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-08-09.
- ^ Parrillo, Vincent N. (2008). Encyclopedia of Social Problems. SAGE. p. 262. ISBN 9781412941655. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-08-09.
- ^ Singla A, Sloan P (2013). "Pharmacokinetic evaluation of hydrocodone/acetaminophen for pain management". Journal of Opioid Management. 9 (1): 71–80. doi:10.5055/jom.2013.0149. PMID 23709306.
- ^ Graham GG, Scott KF (2005-02-01). "Mechanism of action of paracetamol". American Journal of Therapeutics. 12 (1): 46–55. doi:10.1097/00045391-200501000-00008. PMID 15662292.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone Bitartrate - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 1 December 1981. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Atkins, Lucy (16 August 2001). "Know what a Vike is?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
- ^ "Co-codamol 30/500 Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.