| Dislocated jaw | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Temporal mandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation, dislocated mandible |
 | |
| Sagittal section of the articulation of the mandible. | |
| Specialty | ENT surgery |
| Symptoms | Inability to close the mouth, problems speaking and chewing, pain in front of the ear[1] |
| Complications | |Broken bones, injury to the external auditory canal, cranial nerve injuries[1] |
| Types | Anterior, posterior, superior, lateral[1] |
| Causes | Physical injury, over opening the jaw, connective tissue disorders[1] |
| Risk factors | Prior loss of teeth[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, medical imaging[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Mandible fracture, peritonsillar abscess, TMJ dysfunction, tetanus[1] |
| Treatment | Reduction[1] |
| Medication | Local anesthesia, procedural sedation, muscle relaxants[1] |
| Prognosis | Generally good[1] |
| Frequency | 2.5 per 10,000 per year[2] |
A dislocated jaw is when the condyle of the jaw bone is displaced from the joint surface of the temporal bone.[1] Symptoms may include inability to close the mouth, problems speaking and chewing, and pain in front of the ear.[1] Both sides are affected more commonly than a single side.[1] Associated complications may include |broken bones, injury to the external auditory canal, and cranial nerve injuries.[1]
It may occur due to physical injury, over opening of the jaw such as with yawning, and underlying structural problems such as connective tissue disorders.[1] Risk factors include prior loss of teeth.[1] Diagnosis is often based on symptoms, though may be supported by medical imaging.[1] Types include anterior (most common), posterior, superior, and lateral.[1]
Most commonly they can be treated with closed reduction.[1] This may require local anesthesia, procedural sedation, or muscle relaxants.[1] A number of techniques exist, including pushing down on the molars and than pushing backwards on the jaw.[1] If the dislocation has been long standing, open reduction may be required.[1] That with recurrent issues may have botulinum toxin injected.[1]
A dislocated jaw affects about 2 to 3 per 10,000 people per year and about 5% of the population at some point in time.[2] Techniques to reduce jaw locations have been documented as far back as 1500 BC.[2]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Hillam, J; Isom, B (January 2022). "Mandible Dislocation". PMID 31747216.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Gottlieb, M; Long, B (13 July 2022). "Managing Temporomandibular Joint Dislocations". Annals of emergency medicine. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.05.031. PMID 35842342.