10 part history edit
Before 20,200BCE : Universe and Life edit
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolutionary history of plants
20,200BCE to 4,200BCE : Humans and Food edit
Pleistocene, last Ice Age, ended 11,700 years ago
Quaternary extinction event Among the main causes hypothesized by paleontologists are overkill by the widespread appearance of humans and natural climate change.[1] A notable modern human presence first appeared during the Middle Pleistocene in Africa,[2] and started to establish continuous, permanent populations in Eurasia and Australasia from 120,000 BCE and 63,000 BCE respectively,[3][4] and the Americas from 22,000 BCE.[5][6][7][8]
Younger Dryas, a return to glacial period in about 9500 BC
Early people began altering communities of flora and fauna for their own benefit through means such as fire-stick farming and forest gardening very early. Wild grains have been collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago, and possibly much longer.
It was not until after 9500 BC that the eight so-called founder crops of agriculture appear: first emmer and einkorn wheat, then hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas and flax.
Center of origin , List of food origins
4,200BCE to 200BCE : States and Language edit
5 Cradles edit
West Asia & North Africa edit
South Asia edit
East Asia edit
South America edit
History of Andean South America
Central America edit
Important Ancient Empires Post 5 Cradles edit
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Mesopotamia and Sumer
Ancient India
Ancient China
Ancient Greece and Rome
Ancient Mesoamerica
extras
- 1000 BC: Nok culture in West Africa
- 1000 BC: The second stream of Bantu expansion reaches great lakes region of Africa, creating a major population centre.
- 814 BC: Foundation of Carthage by the Phoenicians in today known Tunisia
- 800 BC: Rise of Greek city-states
endings
- 331 BCE: Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela, completing his conquest of Persia.
- 326 BCE: Alexander the Great defeats Indian king Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes River.
- 321 BCE: Chandragupta Maurya overthrows the Nanda Dynasty of Magadha.
- 305 BCE: Chandragupta Maurya seizes the satrapies of Paropanisadai (Kabul), Aria (Herat), Arachosia (Qanadahar) and Gedrosia (Baluchistan)from Seleucus I Nicator, the Macedonian satrap of Babylonia, in return for 500 elephants.
- 300 BCE: Sangam literature (Tamil: சங்க இலக்கியம், Canka ilakkiyam) period in the history of ancient southern India (known as the Tamilakam)
- 300 BCE: Chola Empire in South India
- 300 BCE: Construction of the Great Pyramid of Cholula, the world's largest pyramid by volume (the Great Pyramid of Giza built 2560 BCE Egypt stands 146.5 meters, making it 91.5 meters taller), begins in Cholula, Puebla, Mexico.
- 273 BCE: Ashoka becomes the emperor of the Mauryan Empire
- 255 BCE: Ashoka sends a Buddhist missionary led by his son who was Mahinda Thero (Buddhist monk) to Sri Lanka (then Lanka) Mahinda (Buddhist monk)
- 250 BCE: Rise of Parthia (Ashkâniân), the second native dynasty of ancient Persia
- 232 BCE: Death of Emperor Ashoka; Decline of the Mauryan Empire
- 230 BCE: Emergence of Satavahanas in South India
- 221 BCE: Qin Shi Huang unifies China, end of Warring States period; marking the beginning of Imperial rule in China which lasts until 1912. Construction of the Great Wall by the Qin Dynasty begins.
- 207 BC:lE: Kingdom of Nan Yue extends from Canton to North Việt Nam .
- 206 BCE: Han Dynasty established in China, after the death of Qin Shi Huang; China in this period officially becomes a Confucian state and opens trading connections with the West, i.e. the Silk Road.
- 200 BCE: El Mirador, largest early Maya city, flourishes.
- 200 BCE: Paper is invented in China.
- c. 200 BCE: Chera dynasty in South India.
- 146 BCE: Roman conquest of Greece, see Roman Greece
- 111 BCE: First Chinese domination of Việt Nam in the form of the Nanyue Kingdom.
History of Languages and Written Word edit
- c. 3200 BC: Sumerian cuneiform writing system and Egyptian hieroglyphs
- 3000 BC: First known use of papyrus by Egyptians
- 2700 BC: The Epic of Gilgamesh becomes the first written story
- 2600 BC: Oldest known surviving literature: Sumerian texts from Abu Salabikh, including the Instructions of Shuruppak and the Kesh temple hymn
- 1800 BC: alphabetic writing emerges
- 1700-1400 BCE: The Proto-sinaitic script is the oldest alphabet created in Egypt.
- 1780 BC: Oldest Record of Hammurabi's Code.
- 1600 BC: The beginning of Shang Dynasty in China, evidence of a fully developed writing system, see Oracle Bone Script
- c.1400 BC: Oldest known song with notation
- 1050 BCE: The Phoenician alphabet is created
- 890 BC: Approximate date for the composition of the Iliad and the Odyssey
- 600 BCE: Evidence of writing system appear in Oaxaca used by the Zapotec civilization.
- 500 BCE: Panini standardizes the grammar and morphology of Sanskrit in the text Ashtadhyayi. Panini's standardized Sanskrit is known as Classical Sanskrit.
- c. 300 BCE: Pingala uses zero and binary numeral system
- 300 BCE: Sangam literature (Tamil: சங்க இலக்கியம், Canka ilakkiyam) period in the history of ancient southern India (known as the Tamilakam)
- 200 BCE: Paper is invented in China.
7 Histories edit
Environment edit
- 2500 BC: The mammoth goes extinct.
- 2200-2100 BC: 4.2 kiloyear event: a severe aridification phase, likely connected to a Bond event, which was registered throughout most North Africa, Middle East and continental North America. Related droughts very likely caused the collapse of the Old Kingdom in Egypt and of the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia
- 1600 BC: Minoan civilization on Crete is destroyed by the Minoan eruption of Santorini island
Technology edit
- 3000 BC: First known use of papyrus by Egyptians
- 3000-2500 BC: Earliest evidence of autochthonous Iron production in West Africa.
- 2000 BC: Domestication of the horse
- 1800 BC: alphabetic writing emerges
- 1100 BC: Use of Iron spreads.
Health edit
Gender edit
In-Group edit
Out-Group edit
Economy edit
200BCE to 1400CE : Empires and Religions edit
Histories of Religions edit
7 Histories edit
Environment edit
Technology edit
Health edit
Gender edit
In-Group edit
Out-Group edit
Economy edit
1400CE to 1800CE : Commerce and Colonization edit
1800CE to 1960CE : Capitalism and the Modern edit
1960CE to 2000CE : Neoliberalism and the Post-Modern edit
The History of 16 Years Ago : Global Warming and Digital Worlds edit
The History of 4 Years Ago : People and Problems, Theory, Movements and Lifestyles edit
The History of Right Now : The Present and You edit
- ^ Koch, Paul L.; Barnosky, Anthony D. (2006-01-01). "Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 37 (1): 215–250. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132415. S2CID 16590668.
- ^ Stringer, Chris; Galway-Witham, Julia (2017). "Palaeoanthropology: On the origin of our species". Nature. 546 (7657): 212–214. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..212S. doi:10.1038/546212a. PMID 28593955.
- ^ Callaway, Ewen (2015). "Teeth from China reveal early human trek out of Africa". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2015.18566. S2CID 181399291.
- ^ Marwick, Ben. "Buried tools and pigments tell a new history of humans in Australia for 65,000 years". The Conversation. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
- ^ Bourgeon, Lauriane; Burke, Ariane; Higham, Thomas (2017-01-06). "Earliest Human Presence in North America Dated to the Last Glacial Maximum: New Radiocarbon Dates from Bluefish Caves, Canada". PLOS ONE. 12 (1): e0169486. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1269486B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169486. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5218561. PMID 28060931.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Curry, Andrew (2012-05-03). "Ancient migration: Coming to America". Nature. 485 (7396): 30–32. Bibcode:2012Natur.485...30C. doi:10.1038/485030a. PMID 22552076.
- ^ "Humans didn't wait on melting ice to settle the Americas". Science | AAAS. 2016-06-06. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
- ^ Callaway, Ewen (2017-09-07). "Skeleton plundered from Mexican cave was one of the Americas' oldest". Nature. 549 (7670): 14–15. Bibcode:2017Natur.549...14C. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22521. PMID 28880302. S2CID 4446815.