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User:Menah the Great/sandbox

Map of Mexico (light green) and Central American countries (dark green) in the American continent

This list of Mexican and Central American animals extinct in the Holocene features animals known to have become extinct in the last 11,700 years on the North American country of Mexico and countries of Central America. Central America and southern Mexico belong to the Neotropical biogeographical realm and are transitional areas between South America and the rest of continental North America.

Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.

Mammals (class Mammalia) edit

Armadillos, pampatheres, and glyptodonts (order Cingulata) edit

Chlamyphorid armadillos and glyptodonts (family Chlamyphoridae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
North American glyptodont[1] Glyptotherium sp. Gulf of Mexico coast to northeastern Brazil Most recent remains at Quetzaltenango, Guatemala dated to 9948-9306 BCE.[2]  

Anteaters and sloths (order Pilosa) edit

Megalonychid ground sloths (family Megalonychidae) edit

Scientific name Range Comments
Xibalbaonyx oviceps Puerto Morelos, Mexico Most recent remains at El Zapote cenote dated to 8697-8355 BCE.[2]

Elephant-like mammals (order Proboscidea) edit

Gomphotheres (family Gomphotheriidae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Cuvier's gomphothere[3] Cuvieronius hyodon Central America, northern and central Andes Most recent remains at Estanzuela, Guatemala dated to 9117-8793 BCE.[2]  

Rodents (order Rodentia) edit

Hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice (family Cricetidae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Anthony's woodrat Neotoma bryanti anthonyi Isla Todos Santos, Mexico Last recorded in 1926. Extinct due to predation by introduced feral cats.[4]
Bunker's woodrat Neotoma bryanti bunkeri Coronados Islands, Mexico Last recorded in 1931. Likely extinct due to depletion of food sources and predation by introduced cats.[5]
San Martín Island woodrat Neotoma bryanti martinensis Isla San Martín, Mexico Last recorded in the 1950s. Extinct due to predation by introduced cats.[6]
Nelson's rice rat Oryzomys nelsoni María Madre Island, Mexico Last recorded in 1897. Possibly extinct due to introduced black rats.[7]  
Possibly extinct edit
Common name Scientific name Range Comments
Puebla deer mouse Peromyscus mekisturus Southeast Puebla, Mexico Last recorded in 1957. Possibly extinct due to habitat degradation caused by agriculture or climate change.[8]

Dogs (family Canidae) edit

Extinct in the wild edit
Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Mexican wolf Canis lupus baileyi Southwestern United States and northern Mexico Last confirmed record in Mexico before 1980. Reintroduced in Sonora in 2011.[9]  

Bears (family Ursidae) edit

Locally extinct edit
Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Mexican grizzly bear Population of the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) Aridoamerica Last known individual killed in northern Sonora in 1976.[10] Though once named as the subspecies U. a. nelsoni, DNA evidence shows that it is not different enough to warrant separate status.[11]  

Earless seals (family Phocidae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Caribbean monk seal Neomonachus tropicalis Caribbean Sea, Bahamas, and the Gulf of Mexico Last recorded in Yucatan in 1950.[12] It was intensely hunted for its skin and oil, and persecuted as a competitor by fishermen in later times.[13]  

Even-toed ungulates (order Artiodactyla) edit

Cattle, goats, antelopes, and others (family Bovidae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Ancient bison Bison antiquus North America A transitional form between steppe bison and modern American bison whose more recent remains date to the early Holocene of Valsequillo basin in Puebla, Mexico. However the direct dating to 5271-5131 BCE is not calibrated and the remains could be older.[14]  
Locally extinct edit
Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Plains bison Bison bison bison North America Extirpated from northern Mexico in the 19th century but returned to northern Chihuahua as a migratory population in the 1920s.[15]  

Birds (class Aves) edit

Grebes (order Podicipediformes) edit

Grebes (family Podicipedidae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Atitlán grebe Podilymbus gigas Lake Atitlán, Guatemala Extinct in 1983-1986 due to competition and predation by introduced largemouth bass, reed-cutting for tourism development, falling water levels after the 1976 Guatemala earthquake, drowning in gill nets and disturbance by boat traffic.[16]  

Swifts, treeswifts, and hummingbirds (order Apodiformes) edit

Hummingbirds (family Trochillidae) edit

Possibly extinct edit
Common name Scientific name Range Comments
Guanacaste hummingbird Amazilia alfaroana Miravalles Volcano, Costa Rica Only known from the holotype collected in 1895. The cause of extinction is unknown, but could be related to habitat loss caused by agriculture.[17][18]

Pigeons and doves (order Columbiformes) edit

Pigeons and doves (family Columbidae) edit

Extinct in the wild edit
Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Socorro dove Zenaida graysoni Socorro Island, Mexico Last recorded in the wild in 1972. It declined as a result of predation by introduced cats, hunting, and habitat degradation caused by feral goats and Central American locusts. Individuals survive in captivity in the United States, though several are hybridized with the mourning dove (Z. macroura).[19]  

Rails and cranes (order Gruiformes) edit

Rails (family Rallidae) edit

Possibly extinct edit
Common name Scientific name Range Comments
Goldman's yellow rail Coturnicops noveboracensis goldmani Lerma River, Mexico Last recorded in 1964.[18]

Albatrosses and petrels (order Procellariiformes) edit

Northern storm petrels (family Hydrobatidae) edit

Possibly extinct edit
Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Guadalupe storm-petrel Hydrobates macrodactylus Guadalupe Island, Mexico Last recorded in 1912. Likely extinct due to breeding habitat degradation by introduced feral goats and predation by feral cats and dogs; however the natural difficulty of its detection, lack of thorough surveys in the breeding season after 1906 and reports of unidentified storm-petrel calls at night may indicate that it is still extant.[20]  

Owls (order Strigiformes) edit

True owls (family Strigidae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments
Socorro elf owl Micrathene whitneyi graysoni Socorro Island, Mexico Last recorded around 1970. Likely extinct due to predation by introduced cats.[18]

Falcons (order Falconiformes) edit

Falcons and caracaras (family Falconidae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Guadalupe caracara Caracara lutosa Guadalupe Island, Mexico Deliberately exterminated by settlers in 1903.[21]  

Woodpeckers and allies (order Piciformes) edit

Woodpeckers (family Picidae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments
Guadalupe flicker Colaptes auratus rufipileus Guadalupe Island, Mexico Last collected in 1906. Extinct due to habitat destruction by introduced goats and predation by cats.[18]
Possibly extinct edit
Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Imperial woodpecker Campephilus imperialis North-central Mexico Last confirmed record in Durango in 1956, but unconfirmed sightings continued until 2005 in the Copper Canyon of Chihuahua. Declined due to habitat destruction and poisoning by loggers, along with hunting for sport, food, and traditional medicine.[22]  

Perching birds (order Passeriformes) edit

True finches (family Fringillidae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments
McGregor's house finch Carpodacus mexicanus mcgregori San Benito and Cedros Islands, Mexico Last recorded in 1938.[18]

New World blackbirds (family Icteridae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures
Slender-billed grackle Quiscalus palustris Lerma River and Xochimilco, Mexico Last collected in 1910.[18] Extinct due to the draining of its marsh habitat.[23]  

New World sparrows (family Passerellidae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments
Guadalupe towhee Pipilo maculatus consobrinus Guadalupe Island, Mexico Last recorded in 1897. Extinct due to destruction of nesting habitat by introduced goats, and predation by cats.[18]
Zacatecas Worthen's sparrow Spizella wortheni browni Northwest Zacatecas, Mexico Last recorded in 1961. Extinct due to habitat loss to agriculture, overgrazing and erosion by cattle herding, and decline of native herbivores which maintained the bird's habitat.[18]

Wrens (family Troglodytidae) edit

Common name Scientific name Range Comments
San Benedicto rock wren Salpinctes obsoletus exsul San Benedicto Island, Mexico Wiped out by the eruption of El Boquerón volcano in 1952.[18]
Guadalupe wren Thryomanes bewickii brevicauda Guadalupe Island, Mexico Last recorded in 1897. Extinct due to habitat destruction by introduced goats.[18]
  1. ^ Martin, Paul S.; Klein, Richard G. (1989). Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-231-03733-4.
  2. ^ a b c Stinnesbeck, S.R. (2020) Mexican Fossil Ground Sloths: A Case Study for Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Turnover in the Mexican Corridor. Doctoral dissertation.
  3. ^ Lucas, S. G. Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico - A brief history. Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico: Bulletin 68, 68, 1.
  4. ^ Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T.; Castro-Arellano, I. (2018). "Neotoma bryanti ssp. anthonyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T14576A124171511. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T14576A124171511.en. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  5. ^ Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T.; Castro-Arellano, I.; Lacher, T. (2018). "Neotoma bryanti ssp. bunkeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T14577A124171652. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T14577A124171652.en. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  6. ^ Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T.; Castro-Arellano, I.; Lacher, T. (2018). "Neotoma bryanti ssp. martinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T14580A124171713. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T14580A124171713.en. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  7. ^ Timm, R.; Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T.; Lacher, T. (2017). "Oryzomys nelsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15583A22388135. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15583A22388135.en. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  8. ^ Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T. (2018). "Peromyscus mekisturus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T16675A22362990. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T16675A22362990.en. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  9. ^ Martínez‐Meyer, E., González‐Bernal, A., Velasco, J. A., Swetnam, T. L., González‐Saucedo, Z. Y., Servín, J., ... & Heffelfinger, J. R. (2021). Rangewide habitat suitability analysis for the Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) to identify recovery areas in its historical distribution. Diversity and Distributions, 27(4), 642-654.
  10. ^ Gallo-Reynoso, J.P. et al. (2008) "Probable occurrence of a brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Sonora, Mexico, in 1976". The Southwestern Naturalist, Vol. 53, Issue 2: 256-260 pages.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Miller2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ McClenachan, L., & Cooper, A. B. (2008). "Extinction rate, historical population structure and ecological role of the Caribbean monk seal". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275 (1641), 1351-1358.
  13. ^ Lowry, L. (2015). "Neomonachus tropicalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13655A45228171. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T13655A45228171.en. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  14. ^ Díaz-Sibaja, R. et al. (2020). "A fossil Bison antiquus from Puebla, Mexico and a new minimum age for the Valsequillo fossil area". Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 103, 102766.
  15. ^ List, R., Ceballos, G., Curtin, C., Gogan, P. J., Pacheco, J., & Truett, J. (2007). Historic distribution and challenges to bison recovery in the northern Chihuahuan desert. Conservation Biology, 21(6), 1487-1494.
  16. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Podilymbus gigas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22696577A93572322. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696577A93572322.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  17. ^ "Guanacaste Hummingbird". IUCN Red List. 2020-08-30. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hume, J.P. (2017) Extinct Birds. Bloomsbury Publishing, 560 pages.
  19. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Zenaida graysoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22690740A178409463. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22690740A178409463.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  20. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates macrodactylus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22698530A132651919. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698530A132651919.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  21. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Caracara lutosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22728892A94999996. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728892A94999996.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  22. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Campephilus imperialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22681417A179185354. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681417A179185354.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  23. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Quiscalus palustris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22724314A94859972. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22724314A94859972.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
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