Sovereign state
|
Predecessors
|
Albania
|
Ottoman Empire Republic of Albania (–present)
|
Andorra
|
Kingdom of France (–1278) Principality of Andorra (1278–present)
|
Armenia
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Republic of Armenia (–present)
|
Austria
|
Austria-Hungary Republic of Austria
|
Azerbaijan
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Republic of Azerbaijan[1] (–present)
|
Belarus
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Republic of Belarus (–present)
|
Belgium
|
United Kingdom of the Netherlands Kingdom of Belgium (–present)
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Bosnia and Herzegovina[1] (–present)
|
Bulgaria
|
First Bulgarian Empire (681-1018) Byzantine Empire (1018-1185) Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1396) Ottoman Empire (1396-1878) Principality of Bulgaria (1878-1908) Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908-1946) People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946-1990) Republic of Bulgaria (1990–present)
|
Croatia
|
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Republic of Croatia (–present)
|
Cyprus
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Republic of Cyprus (–present)
|
Czechia
|
Czechoslovak Republic Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Czech and Slovak Federal Republic Czech Republic (–present)
|
Denmark
|
Kingdom of Denmark[2] (–present)
|
Estonia
|
Russian Empire Republic of Estonia (1918-present)
|
Finland
|
Russian Empire Republic of Finland (–present)
|
France
|
Carolingian Empire (800–843) West Francia (843–987) Kingdom of France (987–1791) Kingdom of the French (1791–1792) French Republic (1792–1804) French Empire (1804–1814, 1815) Kingdom of France (1814–1815, 1815–1830) Kingdom of the French (1830–1848) French Republic (1848–1852) French Empire (1852–1870) French Republic (1870–1940) French State (1940–1944) French Republic[3] (1944–present)
|
Georgia
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Georgia (–present)
|
Germany
|
German Democratic Republic (and West Germany) Federal Republic of Germany (–present)
|
Greece
|
Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Greece Hellenic Republic (–present)
|
Hungary
|
Austria-Hungary Republic of Hungary (–present)
|
Iceland
|
Kingdom of Denmark Iceland (–present)
|
Ireland
|
Kingdom of Ireland (-1800) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1800-1922) Ireland (Republic of Ireland) (1922–present)
|
Italy
|
Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861) Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) Italian Republic (1946–present)
|
Kazakhstan
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Republic of Kazakhstan[1] (–present)
|
Latvia
|
Russian Empire Republic of Latvia (–present)
|
Liechtenstein
|
German Confederation Principality of Liechtenstein (–present)
|
Lithuania
|
Russian Empire Kingdom of Lithuania Republic of Lithuania (–present)
|
Luxembourg
|
Kingdom of the Netherlands Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (–present)
|
Macedonia
|
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia (–present)
|
Malta
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Republic of Malta (–present)
|
Moldova
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Republic of Moldova (–present)
|
Monaco
|
Republic of Genoa (–1297) Principality of Monaco (1297–present)
|
Montenegro
|
Principality of Montenegro Kingdom of Montenegro Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Kingdom of Yugoslavia Kingdom of Montenegro (1941–1944) Democratic Federal Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia State Union of Serbia and Montenegro[4] Montenegro[5] (–present)
|
Netherlands
|
Crown of Castile (–1581) Kingdom of the Netherlands (1581–present)
|
Norway
|
Kingdom of Norway (–present)
|
Poland
|
Republic of Poland (–present)
|
Portugal
|
Kingdom of León (–1139) Kingdom of Portugal (1139–1910) Portuguese Republic (1910–present)
|
Romania
|
Ottoman Empire Romania (–present)
|
Russia
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Russian Federation (–present)
|
San Marino
|
Roman Empire (–301) Republic of San Marino (301–present)
|
Serbia
|
Serbian Empire Ottoman Empire Principality of Serbia Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Kingdom of Yugoslavia Democratic Federal Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia State Union of Serbia and Montenegro[4] Republic of Serbia (–present)
|
Slovakia
|
Czechoslovak Republic Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Czech and Slovak Federal Republic Slovak Republic (–present)
|
Slovenia
|
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Republic of Slovenia (–present)
|
Spain
|
Crown of Aragon and Crown of Castile Kingdom of Spain (1716–present)
|
Sweden
|
Kingdom of Sweden (–present)
|
Switzerland
|
Holy Roman Empire (–1291) Old Swiss Confederacy (1291–1798) Helvetic Republic (1798–1803) Swiss Confederation (1803–present)
|
Turkey
|
Ottoman Empire Republic of Turkey (–present)
|
Ukraine
|
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Ukraine (–present)
|
United Kingdom
|
Kingdom of England (927–1649, 1660–1707), Kingdom of Scotland (843–1651, 1659–1707) and Kingdom of Ireland (1542–1651) Commonwealth of England (1649–1653, 1659–1660) Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (1653–1659) Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800) and Kingdom of Ireland (1659–1800) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1927) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1927–present)
|
Vatican City
|
Kingdom of Italy State of the Vatican City (–present)
|