Yinzhen, Prince Yong edit
Succession to the throne edit
Factional struggles edit
The Yongzheng emperor edit
The suppression of cliques edit
War and territorial expansion edit
The Dzungar campaigns edit
Continuing his father the Kangxi emperor's efforts against the resilient Dzungars, Yongzheng sent massive armies to Turkestan in 1730, but despite the recent death of Dzungar leader Tsewang Rabtan, the Qing troops were routed by the enemy. A small victory the following year allowed the Qing to negotiate a truce, after which Yongzheng decided to adopt a defensive approach by erecting a series of border fortifications. Seeing that direct war would lead nowhere, both sides engaged in peace negotiations. The negotiations started in 1734 and were finally concluded in 1739 under the Qianlong emperor. The Qing did not defeat the Dzungar for good until 1759 under the reign of Qianlong.
Tibet and the Mongols edit
Relations with Russia edit
Bura Treaty (August 20, 1727) and Treaty of Kyakhta (October 21, 1727). Both went into effect on June 14, 1728.[1]
Colonization of Taiwan edit
Bureaucratization of the southwest edit
Political, social, and fiscal reforms edit
Emergence of the Grand Council edit
Fiscal policies edit
"Nourishing thriftiness" edit
Social policies edit
The problem of Chinese loyalty edit
Zeng Jing and the Dayi juemi lu edit
Literary inquisitions edit
Death and succession edit
Legacy edit
Family edit
Consorts edit
Sons edit
Daughters edit
Notes edit
- ^ Bergholz (1993), 335.
References edit
- Bergholz, Fred W. (1993). The Partition of the Steppe: The Struggle of the Russians, Manchus, and the Zunghar Mongols for Empire in Central Asia, 1619-1758; A Study in Power Politics. American University Studies. New York: Peter Lang.