MLatham

TSE Public Health Threat, France SOURCES And PREVALENCE of Infection In France , PATHWAYS in France , CONTAINMENT in France, RELATION TO OTHER DIMENTIAS

Sources and Prevalence Of Infection, France

                 Animal Sources
                        France Bovine SE

15: Abrial D, Calavas D, Jarrige N, Ducrot C. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Spatial heterogeneity of the risk of BSE in France following the ban of meat and bone meal in cattle feed.

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16: Morignat E, Ducrot C, Roy P, Cohen C, Calavas D. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Prevalence of BSE in cattle found dead, euthanased or emergency slaughtered on farms in western France in 2000, 2001 and 2002.

Vet Rec. 2004 Oct 16;155(16):481-5. PMID 15537142 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

17: Supervie V, Costagliola D. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

The unrecognised French BSE epidemic.

Vet Res. 2004 May-Jun;35(3):349-62. PMID 15210083 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

18: La Bonnardiere C, Calavas D, Abrial D, Morignat E, Ducrot C. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Estimating the trend of the French BSE epidemic over six birth cohorts through the analysis of abattoir screening in 2001 and 2002.

Vet Res. 2004 May-Jun;35(3):299-308. PMID 15210079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

                                 Downer Cows

                                 Downer Cows Screening

                                 Outbreak

                                 Source Prevalence

26: Setbon M, Fischler C, Lukasiewicz E, Raude J, Flahault A. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Could measuring of perceived risk among general practitioners have helped anticipate the French BSE crisis?

Eur J Epidemiol. 2004;19(4):377-81. PMID 15180108 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

27: Abrial D, Calavas D, Lauvergne N, Morignat E, Ducrot C. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Descriptive spatial analysis of BSE in western France.

Vet Res. 2003 Nov-Dec;34(6):749-60. PMID 14746770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

28: Joly PB. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[The requirements of society in terms of the safety of food of animal origin--a reflection on the case of France]

Rev Sci Tech. 2003 Aug;22(2):373-86. Review. French. PMID 15884575 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

29: Brandel JP, Preece M, Brown P, Croes E, Laplanche JL, Agid Y, Will R, Alperovitch A. Related Articles, OMIM (calculated), OMIM (cited),

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Distribution of codon 129 genotype in human growth hormone-treated CJD patients in France and the UK.

Lancet. 2003 Jul 12;362(9378):128-30. PMID 12867116 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

30: Bird SM. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

European Union's rapid TSE testing in adult cattle and sheep: implementation and results in 2001 and 2002.

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31: Chadeau-Hyam M, Tard A, Bird S, Le Guennec S, Bemrah N, Volatier JL, Alperovitch A. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Estimation of the exposure of the French population to the BSE agent: comparison of the 1980-95 consumption of beef products containing

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32: Cuenot M, Calavas D, Abrial D, Gasqui P, Cazeau G, Ducrot C. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

Temporal and spatial patterns of the clinical surveillance of BSE in France, analysed from January 1991 to May 2002 through a vigilance

index. Vet Res. 2003 May-Jun;34(3):261-72. PMID 12791236 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

33: Ducrot C, Roy P, Morignat E, Baron T, Calavas D. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

How the surveillance system may bias the results of analytical epidemiological studies on BSE: prevalence among dairy versus beef suckler

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34: Capek I, Vaillant V; French national Network for the surveillance of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related diseases. Related Articles,

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related diseases in France from 1998 to 2000.

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35: Donnelly CA, Ferguson NM, Ghani AC, Anderson RM. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Implications of BSE infection screening data for the scale of the British BSE epidemic and current European infection levels.

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36: Groschup MH, Stolze A, Kramer M. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[BSE/TSE--the present epidemiologic and diagnostic situation]

Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2002 Nov;109(11):463-9. German. PMID 12494552 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

40: Morignat E, Ducrot C, Roy P, Baron T, Vinard JL, Biacabe AG, Madec JY, Bencsik A, Debeer S, Eliazsewicz M, Calavas D. Related Articles,

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Targeted surveillance to assess the prevalence of BSE in high-risk populations in western France and the associated risk factors.

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41: Donnelly CA. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

BSE in France: epidemiological analysis and predictions.

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42: D'Aignaux JH, Cousens SN, Delasnerie-Laupretre N, Brandel JP, Salomon D, Laplanche JL, Hauw JJ, Alperovitch A. Related Articles, Cited

in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Analysis of the geographical distribution of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France between 1992 and 1998.

Int J Epidemiol. 2002 Apr;31(2):490-5. PMID 11980824 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

43: Beekes M, Kurth R. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[BSE and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Implication on health politics in Germany and Europe]

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44: Poser S. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[BSE - A cause for Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease? ]

Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2002 Feb 15;127(7):311. German. No abstract available. PMID 11845385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

45: Ghani AC, Donnelly CA, Ferguson NM, Anderson RM. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

The transmission dynamics of BSE and vCJD.

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46: Alperovitch A, Will RG. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Predicting the size of the vCJD epidemic in France.

C R Biol. 2002 Jan;325(1):33-6. PMID 11862620 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

47: Knight R. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Epidemiology of variant CJD.

Dev Biol (Basel). 2002;108:87-92. PMID 12220145 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

48: Calavas D, Ducrot C, Baron T, Morignat E, Vinard JL, Biacabe AG, Madec JY, Bencsik A, Debeer S, Eliazsewicz M. Related Articles, OMIA,

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Prevalence of BSE in western France by screening cattle at risk: preliminary results of a pilot study.

Vet Rec. 2001 Jul 14;149(2):55-6. No abstract available. PMID 11488343 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

49: Koppinen J. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

The French reflect on BSE.

Aust Vet J. 2001 Jul;79(7):452. No abstract available. PMID 11549039 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

                                 Bovine TSE Mortality in France

\

                      France Sheep SE
                                 Downer Sheep

                                 Downer Sheep Screening

\

                                 Outbreak

\

                                 Source Prevalence

                                 Sheep TSE Mortality in France
                      France Chicken SE

                                 Downer Chickens 
                                 Downer Chickens Screening

                                 Outbreak

                                 Source Prevalence

                                 Chickent TSE Mortality in France

TSE Pathways, France

                     Animal-Animal Pathways

69: Baron TG, Madec JY, Calavas D. Related Articles, OMIA, Cited Articles, Free in PMC, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Similar signature of the prion protein in natural sheep scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy-linked diseases.

J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Nov;37(11):3701-4. PMID 10523578 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

12: [No authors listed] Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

BSE agent in goat tissue: first known naturally occurring case confirmed.

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                     Animal-Human Pathways

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82: Josephson J. Related Articles, Free in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Cows for fear: is BSE a threat to human health? Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

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83: Budka H. Related Articles, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

[Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies--illnesses in the human]

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84: Fatzer R, Vandevelde M. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in animals]

Wien Med Wochenschr. 1998;148(4):78-85. Review. German. PMID 9611347 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

                               Theoretical
                               Modeling

                               Current Thinking
                                Meatmeal Pathways

           Incubation
                     Human, Labratory

                     Human, Field

                     Animal, Labratory

                     Animal, Field

TSE Screenig and Containment, France

                    Screening, France
                            Bovine Screening  France

                            Sheep Screening  France

                            Chicken Screening  France
                    Quarantine, France

                    Bovine Disposal Methods, France
            Detection

3: Supervie V, Costagliola D. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

How was the French BSE epidemic underestimated?

C R Biol. 2006 Feb;329(2):106-16. Epub 2006 Jan 18. PMID 16439340 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

20: Lezmi S, Martin S, Simon S, Comoy E, Bencsik A, Deslys JP, Grassi J, Jeffrey M, Baron T. Related Articles, Cited Articles, Free in PMC,

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Comparative molecular analysis of the abnormal prion protein in field scrapie cases and experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy in

sheep by use of Western blotting and immunohistochemical methods. J Virol. 2004 Apr;78(7):3654-62. PMID 15016886 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

          Human Containment
                    Human Autopsy Protection Methods

                    Mortuary Protection
         Causes Overview
                    Current Models

                            Prions

112: Brown P. Related Articles, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

The clinical neurology and epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, with special reference to iatrogenic cases.

Ciba Found Symp. 1988;135:3-23. Review. PMID 3044708 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

113: Brown P, Cathala F, Raubertas RF, Gajdusek DC, Castaigne P. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

The epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: conclusion of a 15-year investigation in France and review of the world literature.

Neurology. 1987 Jun;37(6):895-904. PMID 3295589 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

114: Baron H, Cathala F, Brown P, Chatelain J, Gajdusek DC. Related Articles, OMIM (calculated), Books, LinkOut

Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France: epidemiological implications.

Eur J Epidemiol. 1986 Dec;2(4):252-64. PMID 3542553 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

115: Brown P, Cathala F, Castaigne P, Gajdusek DC. Related Articles, OMIM (calculated), OMIM (cited), Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: clinical analysis of a consecutive series of 230 neuropathologically verified cases.

Ann Neurol. 1986 Nov;20(5):597-602. PMID 3539001 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

116: Cathala F, Brown P, Gray F, Sulima M, Chatelain J, Gibbs CJ Jr. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Failure to detect scrapie virus in sheep at slaughter in a highly endemic region of France.

Eur J Epidemiol. 1985 Jun;1(2):90-3. PMID 3939516 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

117: Brown P, Cathala F, Labauge R, Pages M, Alary JC, Baron H. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Epidemiologic implications of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a 19 year-old girl.

Eur J Epidemiol. 1985 Mar;1(1):42-7. PMID 3915979 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

118: Brown P, Cathala F, Sadowsky D. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Correlation between population density and the frequency of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France.

J Neurol Sci. 1983 Jul;60(1):169-76. PMID 6348216 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

119: Cathala F, Brown P, Raharison S, Chatelain J, Lecanuet P, Castaigne P, Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France: an epidemiological update (author's transl)]

Rev Neurol (Paris). 1982;138(1):39-51. French. PMID 7048483 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

120: Chatelain J, Cathala F, Brown P, Raharison S, Court L, Gajdusek DC. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Epidemiologic comparisons between Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and scrapie in France during the 12-year period 1968-1979.

J Neurol Sci. 1981 Sep;51(3):329-37. PMID 7024478 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

121: Brown P, Cathala F, Gajdusek DC. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France: III. Epidemiological study of 170 patients dying during the decade 1968--1977.

Ann Neurol. 1979 Nov;6(5):438-46. PMID 391142 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

122: Brown P, Cathala F, Sadowsky D, Gajdusek DC. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France: II. Clinical characteristics of 124 consecutive verified cases during the decade 1968--1977.

Ann Neurol. 1979 Nov;6(5):430-7. PMID 391141 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

123: Cathala F, Brown P, Castaigne P, Gajdusek DC. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in continental France. Retrospective study from 1968 to 1977]

Rev Neurol (Paris). 1979 Jun;135(5):439-43. French. PMID 395612 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

78: Will RG, Alperovitch A, Poser S, Pocchiari M, Hofman A, Mitrova E, de Silva R, D'Alessandro M, Delasnerie-Laupretre N, Zerr I, van Duijn

C. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Descriptive epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in six European countries, 1993-1995. EU Collaborative Study Group for CJD.

Ann Neurol. 1998 Jun;43(6):763-7. PMID 9629846 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

79: van Duijn CM, Delasnerie-Laupretre N, Masullo C, Zerr I, de Silva R, Wientjens DP, Brandel JP, Weber T, Bonavita V, Zeidler M,

Alperovitch A, Poser S, Granieri E, Hofman A, Will RG. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Case-control study of risk factors of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Europe during 1993-95. European Union (EU) Collaborative Study Group of

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Lancet. 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1081-5. PMID 9660576 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

101: Deslys JP, Marce D, Dormont D. Related Articles, OMIM (calculated), Substance via MeSH, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Similar genetic susceptibility in iatrogenic and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

J Gen Virol. 1994 Jan;75 ( Pt 1):23-7. PMID 8113733 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

93: [No authors listed] Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

New variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (V-CJD)--France.

Can Commun Dis Rep. 1996 May 15;22(10):79-80. English, French. No abstract available. PMID 8696274 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

94: Will RG, Ironside JW, Zeidler M, Cousens SN, Estibeiro K, Alperovitch A, Poser S, Pocchiari M, Hofman A, Smith PG. Related Articles,

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A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK.

Lancet. 1996 Apr 6;347(9006):921-5. PMID 8598754 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

95: Deslys JP. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Biological aspects of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease related to the extractive growth hormone]

Pathol Biol (Paris). 1995 Feb;43(2):97-103. Review. French. PMID 7777386 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

72: Mitrova E, Belay G. Related Articles, OMIM (calculated), Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease risk in Slovak recipients of human pituitary growth hormone.

Bratisl Lek Listy. 1999 Apr;100(4):187-91. PMID 10914140 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

73: Bons N, Mestre-Frances N, Belli P, Cathala F, Gajdusek DC, Brown P. Related Articles, OMIA, Cited Articles, Free in PMC, Cited in PMC,

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Natural and experimental oral infection of nonhuman primates by bovine spongiform encephalopathy agents.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 30;96(7):4046-51. PMID 10097160 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

74: Laperche S. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and transfusional risk: the point in 1998]

Transfus Clin Biol. 1999 Feb;6(1):67-71. Review. French. PMID 10188213 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

75: Lundberg PO. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Sweden.

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998 Dec;65(6):836-41. PMID 9854958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

37: La Bella V, Collinge J, Pocchiari M, Piccoli F. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in an Italian woman.

Lancet. 2002 Sep 28;360(9338):997-8. PMID 12383671 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

38: Beaudry P, Parchi P, Peoc'h K, Desbordes P, Dartigues JF, Vital A, Vital C, Capellari S, Gambetti P, Delasnerie-Laupretre N, Mary JY,

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A French cluster of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a molecular analysis.

Eur J Neurol. 2002 Sep;9(5):457-62. PMID 12220376 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

39: Ward HJ, Everington D, Croes EA, Alperovitch A, Delasnerie-Laupretre N, Zerr I, Poser S, van Duijn CM. Related Articles, Cited in PMC,

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Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and surgery: a case-control study using community controls.

Neurology. 2002 Aug 27;59(4):543-8. PMID 12196646 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

106: Brown P, Goldfarb LG, Cathala F, Vrbovska A, Sulima M, Nieto A, Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books,

LinkOut

The molecular genetics of familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France.

J Neurol Sci. 1991 Oct;105(2):240-6. PMID 1757800 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

107: Coles P. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

BSE. First vache folle.

Nature. 1991 Mar 7;350(6313):4. No abstract available. PMID 2002843 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

108: Korczyn AD, Chapman J, Goldfarb LG, Brown P, Gajdusek DC. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

A mutation in the prion protein gene in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Jewish patients of Libyan, Greek, and Tunisian origin.

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;640:171-6. PMID 1685643 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

85: Ruffie A, Delasnerie-Laupretre N, Brandel JP, Jaussent I, Dormont D, Laplanche JL, Hauw JJ, Richardson S, Alperovitch A. Related

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[Incidence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France, 1992-1995]

Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1997 Dec;45(6):448-53. French. PMID 9496575 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 102: Billette de Villemeur T, Pradel A. Related Articles, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

[Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Lessons from cases secondary to extracted growth hormone in France]

Transfus Clin Biol. 1994;1(5):333-7. French. PMID 7812459 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

87: Zeidler M, Johnstone EC, Bamber RW, Dickens CM, Fisher CJ, Francis AF, Goldbeck R, Higgo R, Johnson-Sabine EC, Lodge GJ, McGarry P,

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New variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: psychiatric features.

Lancet. 1997 Sep 27;350(9082):908-10. PMID 9314868 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

88: Zeidler M, Stewart GE, Barraclough CR, Bateman DE, Bates D, Burn DJ, Colchester AC, Durward W, Fletcher NA, Hawkins SA, Mackenzie JM,

Will RG. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

New variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: neurological features and diagnostic tests.

Lancet. 1997 Sep 27;350(9082):903-7. PMID 9314867 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

62: Giraud P, Perret-Liaudet A, Biacabe AG, Deslys JP, Laplanche JL, Chazot G, Kop N. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Non-familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a study of 53 cases]

Rev Neurol (Paris). 2000 Jul;156(6-7):616-21. Review. French. PMID 10891795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

103: Balter M. Related Articles, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

Human growth hormone. French scientists may face charges over CJD outbreak.

Science. 1993 Jul 30;261(5121):543. No abstract available. PMID 8342013 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Theoretical Relation to Other Dimentias

                    Relation to Parkinsons

                    Relation to Alzheimers

TSE Public Health Threat, France

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 Michael Hooten <mlhooten@gmail.com>

pubmed Search Results

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Entrez pubmed Results Items 1 - 123 of 123

1: Jarrige N, Ducrot C, Lafon D, Thiebot B, Calavas D. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Potential sources of infection for BSE cases born in France after 1996.

Vet Rec. 2006 Aug 26;159(9):285-6. No abstract available. PMID 16946312 [PubMed - in process]

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Atypical BSE in Germany-Proof of transmissibility and biochemical characterization.

Vet Microbiol. 2006 Aug 14; [Epub ahead of print] PMID 16916588 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Variant CJD (vCJD) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): 10 and 20 years on: part 2.

Folia Neuropathol. 2006;44(2):102-10. PMID 16823692 [PubMed - in process]

5: Ducrot C, Abrial D, Calavas D, Carpenter T. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

A spatio-temporal analysis of BSE cases born before and after the reinforced feed ban in France.

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6: Philippe S, Ducrot C, Roy P, Remontet L, Jarrige N, Calavas D. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Sheep feed and scrapie, France.

Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Aug;11(8):1274-9. PMID 16102318 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Risk perception of the "mad cow disease" in France: determinants and consequences.

Risk Anal. 2005 Aug;25(4):813-26. PMID 16268931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

8: Abrial D, Calavas D, Jarrige N, Ducrot C. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Poultry, pig and the risk of BSE following the feed ban in France--a spatial analysis.

Vet Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;36(4):615-28. PMID 15955285 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Brandel JP, Poser S, Kretzschmar H, Rietveld I, Mitrova E, Cuesta Jde P, Martinez-Martin P, Glatzel M, Aguzzi A, Knight R, Ward H, Pocchiari

M, van Duijn CM, Will RG, Zerr I. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Mortality from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related disorders in Europe, Australia, and Canada.

Neurology. 2005 May 10;64(9):1586-91. PMID 15883321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

10: Darbord JC, Hauw JJ. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Hospital practice and prion risks]

Pathol Biol (Paris). 2005 May;53(4):237-43. Review. French. PMID 15850958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

11: Eloit M, Adjou K, Coulpier M, Fontaine JJ, Hamel R, Lilin T, Messiaen S, Andreoletti O, Baron T, Bencsik A, Biacabe AG, Beringue V,

Laude H, Le Dur A, Vilotte JL, Comoy E, Deslys JP, Grassi J, Simon S, Lantier F, Sarradin P. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

BSE agent signatures in a goat.

Vet Rec. 2005 Apr 16;156(16):523-4. No abstract available. Erratum in: Vet Rec. 2005 May 7;156(19):620. PMID 15833975 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

13: Chadeau-Hyam M, Alperovitch A. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France.

Int J Epidemiol. 2005 Feb;34(1):46-52. Epub 2005 Jan 13. PMID 15649960 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

14: Chadeau-Hyam M, Alperovitch A. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

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19: Chatard-Pannetier A, Rousset S, Bonin D, Guillaume S, Droit-Volet S. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Nutritional knowledge and concerns about meat of elderly French people in the aftermath of the crisis over BSE and foot-and-mouth.

Appetite. 2004 Apr;42(2):175-83. PMID 15010182 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

21: Buschmann A, Biacabe AG, Ziegler U, Bencsik A, Madec JY, Erhardt G, Luhken G, Baron T, Groschup MH. Related Articles, Cited in PMC,

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Atypical scrapie cases in Germany and France are identified by discrepant reaction patterns in BSE rapid tests.

J Virol Methods. 2004 Apr;117(1):27-36. PMID 15019257 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

22: Boixiere A, Hergon E, Moutel G, Rouger P, Herve C. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Legal obligation to inform the patient on the theoretical risk of CJD transmission by blood]

Transfus Clin Biol. 2004 Apr;11(2):101-5. French. PMID 15120108 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

23: Cazeau G, Ducrot C, Collin E, Desjouis G, Calavas D. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Questionnaire analysis of BSE cases in France detected by active surveillance and the reasons for non-notification.

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24: Calavas D, Ducrot C, Baron TG. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Past, present and future of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in France.

Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2004;284:51-63. Review. PMID 15148987 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

25: Biacabe AG, Laplanche JL, Ryder S, Baron T. Related Articles, Cited Articles, Free in PMC, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Distinct molecular phenotypes in bovine prion diseases.

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50: Herve P, Tiberghien P. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Challenges of transfusion medicine]

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51: Rosencher N, Conseiller C. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Autologous blood transfusion]

Rev Prat. 2001 Jun 30;51(12):1328-31. Review. French. PMID 11503506 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

52: Lasmezas CI, Fournier JG, Nouvel V, Boe H, Marce D, Lamoury F, Kopp N, Hauw JJ, Ironside J, Bruce M, Dormont D, Deslys JP. Related

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Adaptation of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent to primates and comparison with Creutzfeldt-- Jakob disease: implications for human

health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Mar 27;98(7):4142-7. Epub 2001 Mar 20. PMID 11259641 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

53: Dervaux A, Vicart S, Lopes F, Le Borgne MH. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Psychiatric manifestations of a new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Apropos of a case]

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54: Bosch X. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

European concern over BSE transmission.

JAMA. 2001 Jan 24-31;285(4):397-8. No abstract available. PMID 11242404 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

55: Lundberg PO. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Still a small problem with the mad cow disease? Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other prion diseases: current status]

Lakartidningen. 2001 Jan 10;98(1-2):19-24. Review. Swedish. PMID 11213704 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

56: Suarez Fernandez G. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Bovine spongiform encephalopathy]

An R Acad Nac Med (Madr). 2001;118(3):617-31. Review. Spanish. PMID 11783042 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

57: Donnelly CA. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

Likely size of the French BSE epidemic.

Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):787-8. No abstract available. PMID 11130705 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

58: Krebs J. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Beefing about the risks posed by the French BSE epidemic.

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59: Butler D. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

French target research money at allaying BSE fears.

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60: Detwiler LA, Rubenstein R. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: an overview.

ASAIO J. 2000 Nov-Dec;46(6):S73-9. Review. PMID 11110298 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

61: Savey M, Coudert M, Agrech AE, Calavas D, Ducrot C, Baron S. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Epidemiological status of BSE in France - update on born after the ban cases.

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63: Zaaijer HL. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and food safety]

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64: Rossi F, Legras JF. Related Articles, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

[Viral safety: European and French directives]

Ann Med Interne (Paris). 2000 May;151 Suppl 1:1S55-61. French. PMID 10896992 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

65: Baron TG, Madec JY, Calavas D, Richard Y, Barillet F. Related Articles, OMIA, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Comparison of French natural scrapie isolates with bovine spongiform encephalopathy and experimental scrapie infected sheep.

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66: Zeidler M, Ironside JW. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

The new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

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Efficiency of Western blotting for the specific immunodetection of proteinase K-resistant prion protein in BSE diagnosis in France.

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68: Liberski PP, Giraud P, Kopp N. Related Articles, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

Ultrastructural pathology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and fatal familial insomnia.

Folia Neuropathol. 2000;38(4):171-3. PMID 11693721 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

70: Glynn A, Glynn N. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

Plus ca change ... from rinderpest to bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1999 Nov-Dec;33(6):576-80. PMID 10633340 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

71: Huillard d'Aignaux J, Costagliola D, Maccario J, Billette de Villemeur T, Brandel JP, Deslys JP, Hauw JJ, Chaussain JL, Agid Y, Dormont

D, Alperovitch A. Related Articles, Substance via MeSH, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Incubation period of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in human growth hormone recipients in France.

Neurology. 1999 Oct 12;53(6):1197-201. PMID 10522872 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

76: Pattison J. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

The emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and related diseases.

Emerg Infect Dis. 1998 Jul-Sep;4(3):390-4. PMID 9716952 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

80: Huillard d'Aignaux J, Alperovitch A, Maccario J. Related Articles, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

A statistical model to identify the contaminated lots implicated in iatrogenic transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease among French human

growth hormone recipients. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Mar 15;147(6):597-604. PMID 9521187 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

81: Leung SS, Cole TJ, Tse LY, Lau JT. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Body mass index reference curves for Chinese children.

Ann Hum Biol. 1998 Mar-Apr;25(2):169-74. PMID 9533516 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

86: Bruce ME, Will RG, Ironside JW, McConnell I, Drummond D, Suttie A, McCardle L, Chree A, Hope J, Birkett C, Cousens S, Fraser H, Bostock

CJ. Related Articles, OMIA, OMIM (calculated), OMIM (cited), Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Transmissions to mice indicate that 'new variant' CJD is caused by the BSE agent.

Nature. 1997 Oct 2;389(6650):498-501. PMID 9333239 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

89: [No authors listed] Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

BSE link prompts German vote on sheep.

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90: Butler D. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

Funding row delays Brussels BSE research.

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91: Butler D. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

French action aims to quell BSE fears.

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92: Chastel CE. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

BSE a specific bovine disease?

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96: Dormont D. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

[Nature and physicochemical and biological properties of non conventional transmissible agents or prions: consequences for public health]

Pathol Biol (Paris). 1995 Feb;43(2):124-36. Review. French. PMID 7777382 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

97: Laplanche JL, Delasnerie-Laupretre N, Brandel JP, Chatelain J, Beaudry P, Alperovitch A, Launay JM. Related Articles, OMIM (calculated),

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Molecular genetics of prion diseases in France. French Research Group on Epidemiology of Human Spongiform Encephalopathies.

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98: Schudel AA, Carrillo BJ, Gimeno EJ, Weber EL, Blanco Viera J, van Gelderen C, Ulloa E, Nader A, Cane BG. Related Articles, Books,

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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy surveillance in Argentina.

Rev Sci Tech. 1994 Sep;13(3):801-36. English, Spanish. PMID 7949355 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

99: Toe F, Lahlou-Kassi A, Mukasa-Mugerwa E. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Semen characteristics of Ile-de-France rams of different age and physical condition.

Theriogenology. 1994 Aug 1;42(2):321-6. PMID 16727539 [PubMed - in process]

100: Kimberlin RH, Wilesmith JW. Related Articles, Cited in PMC, Books, LinkOut

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Epidemiology, low dose exposure and risks.

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104: Savey M, Belli P, Coudert M. Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

[Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Europe. Present and future]

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105: Job JC, Maillard F, Goujard J. Related Articles, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

Epidemiologic survey of patients treated with growth hormone in France in the period 1959-1990: preliminary results.

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109: Smith JL, Tse DT, Byrne SF, Johns DR, Stone EM. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Optic nerve sheath distention in Leber's optic neuropathy and the significance of the "Wallace mutation".

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110: [No authors listed] Related Articles, OMIA, Books, LinkOut

How the French see BSE.

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111: Baron H, Baron-Van Evercooren A, Brucher JM. Related Articles, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

Antiserum to scrapie-associated fibril protein reacts with amyloid plaques in familial transmissible dementia.

J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1988 Mar;47(2):158-65. Erratum in: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1988 Jul;47(4):496. PMID 2892894 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Space science topics

Space Science is an all-encompasing term that describes most all of the various sciences that are concerned with the study of the Universe, generally also meaning "excluding the Earth". Space Science can be divided into 9 overall categories: Looking At The Universe , Geography of the Universe, Physics of the Universe, , Geology of Other Planets, Oceans of Other Planets, Atmosphere of Other Planets, Life of Other Planets, , Travelling to Other Planets and Colonizing Other Planets.

Some of these sub sciences have well defined and well accepted terms and some do not. For instance Physics of The Universe is universally accepted as "Astrophysics" and Looking at the Universe is universally accepted as "Astronomy".

Astronomy

       Solar System 
   * Astrophysics/Cosmology
   * Exobiology 
   * Space exploration
       Astronautics
       Space Transport (This has much in common with both the above)
       Space Station
   * Space colonization (there is huge overlap with Space Exploration)

Looking At The Universe Astronomy

Astronomy can also be called observational astrophysics.

Electromagnetic spectrum electromagnetic spectrum Astronomy

Radio astronomyRadio astronomy includes radio telescopes; a device that recieves and records radio waves from outside the Earth, cosmic microwave background radiation, Big Bang telescopes, Pulsars Telescopes and others

Infrared Astronomy Infrared Astronomy telescopes

Optical astronomy Optical astronomy is the oldest kind of astronomy and includes optical telescopes, Telescopes, charge-coupled device, spectroscope, adaptive optics, redshifted light Telescopes and others.

Ultraviolet Astronomy Ultraviolet Astronomy

X-ray astronomy X-ray Astronomy includes Chandra X-ray Observatory .

gamma ray astronomy gamma ray Astronomy includes Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, Cosmic ray, High Energy Bodies, binary pulsars, black holes, magnetars,

Neutrino astronomy Neutrino astronomy Neutrino observatories have also been built, primarily to study our Sun.

gravitational wave gravitational wave observatories

space telescope space telescope, a telescope orbiting or travelling from the Earth, RXTE, Long Exposure Time Astronomy, millisecond pulsar, pulsar decelerationstudies, Spectroscopy,

Astronomy teaching tools, Planetarium,

Geography of The Universe / Descriptive Astronomy

Historical Geography of The Universe includes (Size Shape and Structure of The Historical Universe), Cartography of The Historical Universe, Early Universe and others.

Geography of The Current Universe includes Size Shape and Structure of The Current Universe, Cartography of the Current Universe and others

Geography of The Filaments of Galaxies

Geography of Superclusters of Galaxies includes superclusters,

Geography of the Virgo Supercluster of Galaxiesincludes Virgo Supercluster

Geography of The Local Group of Galaxies including objects 100,000,000 LY to 10,000,000 LY from the Sun: M49, M51, M58, M59, M60, M61, M63, M64, M65, M66

Geography of Nearest Galaxies: Objects 10,000,000 LY to 1,000,000 LY from the Sun: M31, M32, M33

Geography of the Milky Way Galaxy Regions Galactic Center , Disc_Galaxy and Galactic Cartography, Galactic_Coordinate System

Geography of Objects 100,000 LY to 10,000 LY from the Sun: M2, M3, M5, M9, M10, M12, M13, M14, M15, M19, M22, M24, M28, M36, M53, M54, M55, M56, M62

Geography of Objects 10,000 LY to 1000 LY Lfrom the Sun: M1, M4, M6, M7, M8, M11, M16, M17, M18, M20, M21, M23, M25, M26, M27, M29, M41, M42, M43, M46, M47, M48, M50, M52, M57

Geogrpahy of Objects 1000 LY to 100 LY from the Sun: M39, M44, M45

Geography of Objects 100 LY to 16LY From the Sun

Geography of Objects less than 16 LY from the Sun: List of Nearest Stars

Geography of Nearby-Stars Solar Systems

Geography of The Solar System includes Solar system

Geography of The Sunincludes Sun

Geography of The Moon includes Moon, List of artificial objects on the Moon, List of craters on the Moon, List of features on the Moon, List of maria on the Moon, List of mountains on the Moon, List of valleys on the Moon

Geography of Venus includes Venus

Geography of Mercury And Its Moons includes Mercury

Geography of Saturn And Its Moons includes Saturn

Geography of Jupiter And Its Moons includes Jupiter

Geography of Uranus includes Uranus

Geography of Neptune includes Neptune

Geography of Mars and Its Moons includes Mars

Geodesy of The Solar System, also called geodetics of the solar system, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the planets of the Solar System, their gravitational fields and geodynamic phenomena (polar motion, in three-dimensional, time-varying space.

The shape of the planets are to a large extent the result of their rotation, which causes equatorial bulge, and the competition of geologic processes such as the collision of plates and of vulcanism, resisted by the earth's gravity field. This applies to the solid surface (orogeny; few mountains are higher than 10 km, few deep sea trenches deeper than that.) Quite simply, a mountain as tall as, for example, 15 km, would develop so much pressure at its base, due to gravity, that the rock there would become plastic, and the mountain would slump back to a height of roughly 10 km in a geologically insignificant time. (On Mars, whose surface gravity is much less, the largest volcano, Olympus Mons, is 27 km high at its peak, a height that could not be maintained on Earth.) Gravity similarly affects the liquid surface (dynamic sea surface topography) and the earth's atmosphere. For this reason, the study of the Earth's gravity field is seen as a part of geodesy, called physical geodesy.

The Earth geoid is essentially the figure of the Earth abstracted from its topographic features. so The Marsgeoid is essentially the figure of Mars abstracted from its topographic features. In surveying and mapping are two important fields of application of geodesy.

Physics Of The Universe Astrophysics

Physics of the Universe can be divided into several broad categories:

Astrophyscial Theory including String Theory|String and [General Relativity] and others.

Astrophysical Processes includes baryonic and others.

Physical Processes, General includes Mechanics, Electromagnetism,electromagnetic forces, Statistical Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Quantum Mechanics, Relativity, gravity and oters.

Origins Of The Universe Universe Theories of the Origins of the Universe, Big Bang Theory, Early Universe, Evidence, Cosmic Microwave Background, Dark Ages, Interstellar Medium , voids, Filaments of Galaxies , galaxy clusters and others.

Astrophysical Plasma includes plasma amd quasineutrality and others

Cosmic Plasmas Between Stars, (Diffuse Plasmas) includes intergalactic space, intergalactic medium, interstellar medium, interplanetary medium, interstellar space, heliospheric current sheet, interplanetary medium, Solar wind and otehrs.

Cosmic Plasmas Inside Stars, (Dense Plasma) includes Stars, plasma physicists, active galactic nuclei, fusion power, magnetohydrodynamic, X-rays , bremsstrahlung, Cosmology , reionized, ambipolar diffusion, Particle Physics and others.

Galaxy Formation and Evolution including Galaxies, elliptical galaxies Giant Galaxies, Spiral Galaxies, M31 The Andromeda Galaxy

Intra-Galaxy Processes, General including Black Hole, Globular Clusters, Satellite Galaxy , Retrograde Rotation, Halo stars, High Velocity Clouds, Monoceros Ring, accretion disc, Gravitation, Angular Momentum, Centripetal force, tidal effects, Viscosity, orbital momentum, Accretion disk, Active galactic nuclei, Protoplanetary discs, Gamma ray bursts and others.

Milky Way Galaxy Processes Science include aspects of Milky Way Retrograde Rotation, Halo stars, Milky Way High Velocity Clouds, Milky Way Neutral Hydrogen, Milky Way Monoceros Ring, Milky Way accretion disc, Milky Way Gravitation, Milky Way Angular Momentum, Milky Way Centripetal force, Milky Way tidal effects, Milky Way Viscosity, Milky Way orbital momentum, Milky Way event horizon, Milky Way black hole and others.

Stellar-Processes, General including Stellar_dynamics, stars, Stellar Evolution, event horizon, black hole, x-rays, nuclear fusion and others.

Planetary Processes, General including Planetary science, Planets, Comets, Asteroids,

Geophysics, the study of the earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods, therefore Planetary Geophysics the study of the planets by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods. It includes the branches of: Seismology (earthquakes and elastic waves), gravity and geodesy (the earth's gravitational field and the size and form of the earth) [Tectonophysics]] (geological processes in the planets), Geodesy, Mineral Physics. Geophysics can be both a part of physics and a part of Geology.

Science of Non-Earth Non-Suns

Planetary geology (sometimes known as Astrogeology) refers to the application of geologic principles to other bodies of the solar system. However, specialised terms such as selenology (studies of the Moon), areology (of Mars), etc., are also in use.

Important principles of geology. There are a number of important principles in geology. Many of these involve the ability to provide the relative ages of strata or the manner in which they were formed. The Principle of Intrusive Relationships concerns crosscutting intrusions. In geology, when an igneous intrusion cuts across a formation of sedimentary rock, it can be determined that the igneous intrusion is younger than the sedimentary rock. The Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut.

Geology Fields or related disciplines Structural geology, Geomorphology.]], Economic geology, Mining geology, Geodetics, Geomorphology, Geophysics, Historical geology, Hydrogeology or geohydrology, Mineralogy, Oceanography, Paleoclimatology, Sedimentology, Seismology, Stratigraphy, Structural geology, Volcanology,Hydrology water throughout the Earth, and thus addresses both the hydrologic cycle and water resources, Main article: Hydrologic cycle

Regional geology

[Neptune#Physical_characteristics|Geology of Neptune]]

Geology of Pluto (No longer a planet)

Oceanography of Other Planets / Extrasolar Oceanography

Surface Oceans of Planets Outside The Milky Wayincludes Theory of Surface Oceans Outside The Milky Way

Surface Oceans of Planets of The Milky Way includes Theory of Surface Oceans of The Milky Way

Surface Oceans of Planets of Local Stars includes Theory of Surface Oceans of Local Stars

Surface Oceans of Solar Sytem Planets includes Theory of Surface Oceans of Solar System Planets

Surface Ocean of Venus

Surface Oceans of Mars

Surface Oceans of Our Gas Giants

Atmosphere of Other Planets / Extrasolar Atmosphere Atmosphere of Planets Outside The Solar Systemincludes Theoretical Atmosphere of Planets Outside The Solar System

Atmosphere on Planets of The Solar Systemincludes Theoretical Atmosphere of Solar System Planets, and Atmosphere on Other Solar System Planets http://www.astronomy.org/astronomy-survival/outer.html

Mars Atmosphere includes Mars AtmosphereTheories of Atmosphere on Mars

Venus Atmosphere includes Theories of Atmosphere on Venus

Jupiter Atmosphere [1] includes Theories of Atmosphere on Jupiter Jupiter Atmosphere[Great Red Spot Great Red Spot] http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/mess44/promysso.html, Atmosphere on Jupiters-Moons , Theories of Atmosphere on J. Moons

Atmosphere on Saturn includes Theories of Atmosphere on Saturn, http://www.nasm.si.edu/ceps/rpif/saturn/saturn.html http://www.physics.purdue.edu/astr263l/SStour/saturn.html http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s872839.htm

Atmosphere on Urnaus includes Theories of Atmosphere on Uranus, http://www.physics.purdue.edu/astr263l/SStour/uranus.html

Atmosphere of Planets Outside The Solar Systemincludes Theoretical Atmosphere of Planets Outside The Solar System

Atmosphere on Planets of The Solar Systemincludes Theoretical Atmosphere of Solar System Planets, and Atmosphere on Other Solar System Planets http://www.astronomy.org/astronomy-survival/outer.html

Mars Atmosphere includes Mars AtmosphereTheories of Atmosphere on Mars

Venus Atmosphere includes Theories of Atmosphere on Venus

Jupiter Atmosphere [2] includes Theories of Atmosphere on Jupiter Jupiter Atmosphere[Great Red Spot Great Red Spot] http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/mess44/promysso.html, Atmosphere on Jupiters-Moons , Theories of Atmosphere on J. Moons

Atmosphere on Saturn includes Theories of Atmosphere on Saturn, http://www.nasm.si.edu/ceps/rpif/saturn/saturn.html http://www.physics.purdue.edu/astr263l/SStour/saturn.html http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s872839.htm

Atmosphere on Urnaus includes Theories of Atmosphere on Uranus, http://www.physics.purdue.edu/astr263l/SStour/uranus.html

Atmospheric science, which includes: Atmospheric electricity and terrestrial magnetism (including ionosphere, Van Allen belts, telluric currents, Radiant energy, etc.), Meteorology and Climatology, which both involve studies of the weather. Aeronomy, the study of the physical structure and chemistry of the atmosphere.

Geothermometry (heating of the earth, heat flow, volcanology, and hot springs), Hydrology (ground and surface water, sometimes including glaciology), Physical oceanography

Biology of Other Planets / Extrasolar Biology / Exobiology / Extraterrestrial Life

Habitable Zone Astrobiology Which areas of the Universe would hold life..? Galactic Habitable Zone Which areas of a Galaxy would hold life? Solar System Habitable Zone Which areas of a solar system would hold life?

Astrobiochemistry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exogenesis Carbon based chemistry science

Most scientists hold that if extraterrestrial life exists, its evolution would have occurred independently in different places in the universe. An alternative hypothesis, held by a minority, is panspermia, which suggests that life in the universe could have stemmed from a smaller number of points of origin, and then spread across the universe, from habitable planet to habitable planet. These two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive.

Alternative biochemistry includes Alternative Carbon Biochemistry where water is not the Solvent of Carbon Chains: Life forms based in ammonia rather than water are also considered, though this solution appears less optimal than water ^[1]. Also included in Alternative Non-Carbon Biochemistry: For non-carbon based chemistry Silicon is usually considered the most likely alternative to carbon, though this remains improbable. Silicon life forms are proposed to have a crystalline morphology, and are theorized to be able to exist in high temperatures, such as planets closer to the sun.

Astrobiosphere is the entire area of a planet that supports life and includes Biosphere, Theory of Biosphere, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_habitability Planetary Habitability Extrasolar planets Astronomers also search for extrasolar planets that would be conducive to life, especially those like OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb which have been found to have Earth-like qualities.

Plants On Other Planets includes Extremophiles http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/02oct_goldilocks.htm?list554307, Theoretical Astrobotany, Life On Jupiter, [Life on Mars scientific theory], Independently in 1996 structures resembling bacteria were reportedly discovered in a meteorite, ALH84001, thought to be formed of rock ejected from Mars. This report is also controversial and scientific debate continues. (See Viking biological experiments.) ^[2]

Animals On Other Planets Speculation And Theory,

Humanoids-On-Other-Planetsincludes Humanoids-On-Other-Planets Origins- Speculations And Scientific Theory Panspermia. Extraterrestrial life Along with the biochemical basis of extraterrestrial life, there remains a broader consideration of evolution and morphology.

Humanoids-On-Other-Planets Technical Civilizations includes Humanoids-On-Other-Planets Technical-Civilizations, Speculation And Theory Astrosociobiology

Humanoids-On-Other-Planets Technical-Civilizations, Migrations Most scientists hold that if extraterrestrial life exists, its evolution would have occurred independently in different places in the universe. An alternative hypothesis, held by a minority, is panspermia, which suggests that life in the universe could have stemmed from a smaller number of points of origin, and then spread across the universe, from habitable planet to habitable planet.

Humanoids-On-Other-Planets Technical-Civilizations, Quantity of Drake Equation

Humanoids-On-Other-Planets-Civilizations On Local Stars includes Search For Humanoids-On-Other-Planets-Civlizations On Local-Stars, SETI