"We find that irregular conflicts last significantly longer than all other types of conflict, while conventional ones tend to be more sivere in terms of battlefield lethality."[1]

Quaker Guns used in Centreville, Virginia

"The American Civil War was pivotal in these transformations."[2]

  1. ^ Balcells, Laia; Kalyvas, Stathis N. (2014-09-04). "Does Warfare Matter? Severity, Duration, and Outcomes of Civil Wars". Journal of Conflict Resolution. 58 (8): 1390–1418. doi:10.1177/0022002714547903. ISSN 0022-0027.
  2. ^ Beckert, Sven (2004–2012). "Emancipation and Empire: Reconstructing the Worldwide Web of Cotton Production in the Age of the American Civil War". The American Historical Review. 109 (5): 1405–1438. doi:10.1086/530931. ISSN 0002-8762 – via JSTOR.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)