Notions edit

Area of philosophy devoted to examining the scope and nature of logic. It is the investigation, critical analysis and intellectual reflection on issues arising in logic. The field is considered to be distinct from philosophical logic.

Resources

Logic edit

Logic is the use and study of valid reasoning.

Logic and rationality
- Critical thinking
  - Trivium

What can I research in terms of philosophy that is relevant to logic and programming?

Notions edit

Argument AKA Logical argument
- argument
  - A series of propositions organized so that the final proposition is a conclusion which is intended to follow logically from the preceding propositions, which function as premises.
- Invalid argument
- Non sequitur (logic)
- Abductive reasoning
- Deductive reasoning
  - Syllogism
- Inductive reasoning
  - Enumerative induction

Law of excluded middle

Logical connective
- Material conditional
- Negation

Logical consequence

Mutual exclusivity

Quantifier (logic)

Truth function
- Logical conjunction AND
- Logical disjunction OR

Object language

Mathematical logic edit

Divisions

Branches

Propositional calculus AKA Propositional logic
- De Morgan's laws
- Many-valued logic
  - Fuzzy logic

Notions edit

Logical form

Tautology (logic)

Fallacy edit

Formal fallacy edit

Red herring fallacies edit

Ad hominem
- Poisoning the well
Argument from authority
- Appeal To Authority Breakdown
- Appeal to accomplishment
Argumentum ad lapidem
Appeal to emotion
- Appeal to ridicule
Appeal to tradition
Association fallacy
Genetic fallacy
Pooh-pooh
Straw man
Texas sharpshooter fallacy
Tu quoque (Appeal to hypocrisy)
Two wrongs make a right
Vacuous truth
Circular reasoning
Confusion of the inverse
Questionable cause
Circular cause and consequence
Correlation does not imply causation
Fallacy of the single cause
Post hoc ergo propter hoc ("Since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X.")
Third-cause fallacy
Wrong direction
Regression fallacy
Jumping to conclusions

Informal fallacy edit

Faulty generalization edit

Logicians edit

Categorical logic edit

Classical logic edit

Formal logic edit

Modal logic edit

Non-classical logic edit

Three-valued logic

Predicate logic edit

Symbolic logic edit

Temporal logic edit

Intuitionism edit

Logicism edit

Kurt Gödel
- Gödel's incompleteness theorems (Mathematical logic)

Logical Positivism edit

Philosophy of artificial intelligence edit

Chinese room

Philosophy of geography edit

Philosophy of happiness edit

Philosophy of language edit

Philosophy of mind edit

Philosophy of religion edit

George Santayana

Ancient philosophy edit

AKA Classic philosophy

Notions

Axiom
- Self-evidence

Ancient Greek philosophy

Classical Greek philosophy

Pre-Socratic philosophy edit

Milesian school
- Hylozoism - Term introduced to English by Ralph Cudworth in 1678.

Aristotle edit

Three basic activities of man.

Aristotelian ethics
- Eudaimonia
- Aristotle's Ethics

Genus-differentia definition

Organon (Works on logic)

Politics (Aristotle)
Rhetoric (Aristotle)
- Categories

Aristotelianism
- Aristotelean logic AKA Term logic
  - Syllogism

Commentaries on Aristotle

Corpus Aristotelicum
- Apodicticity
- De Interpretatione - Second text from from Aristotle's Organon
  - Problem of future contingents
- Prior Analytics - Work on Deductive reasoning
  - Syllogism

Metaphysics (Aristotle)

Nicomachean Ethics

A proposition is a sentence which affirms or denies a Predicate (logic) of a Subject (grammar).
- Enthymeme

Square of opposition

Resources

Plato edit

Concepts

Nous

Diogenes of Sinope edit

Diogenes of Sinope

Gorgias edit

Socrates edit

Other edit

Western philosophy edit

Age of Enlightenment edit

18th-century philosophy edit

19th-century philosophy edit

Herbert Spencer
- Great Man theory (counter-argument)
  In 1860 Herbert Spencer formulated a counter-argument that has remained influential throughout the 20th century to the present: Spencer said that such great men are the products of their societies, and that their actions would be impossible without the social conditions built before their lifetimes.
- Survival of the fittest