Proposed revisions to keep these sections in Sweden WP:NPOV. Following this dispute.
Muslim population:
Sweden has not kept official statistics or records on religious affiliations since 1930,[1] but outside estimates place the muslim population at between 6.5 %[2] and 8.1 %.[3]
Crime:
Like the other Nordic countries, Sweden is often ranked among the most peaceful countries in the world.[4][5][6] Consistent with other Western countries in the postwar era, the number of reported crimes has increased when measured from the 1950s; which can be explained by a number of factors, such as immigration and socioeconomic challenges, statistical and legislative changes and increased public willingness to report crime.[7]
Since 2012, Sweden has experienced a significant upstick in crime.[8] Per data from the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, the most significant increase in crime between 2012 and 2020 is the percentage of women exposed to sexual offences (2.7 % to 9.4 %). A declining trend has however been observed since a peak in 2017 (10.7 %).[9] Women (7.7 %) stated in 2020 that they have been victims of a sexual offence significantly more often than men did (1.2 %).[8] The percentage of the population exposed to assault increased from 2012 (3.1. % of men and 1.5 % of women) to 2019 (4.6 % of men and 2.7 % of women). The percentage of the population exposed to serious assault, 0.7 %, has remained largely constant since 2016.[10] Hate crimes, most with a xenophobic/racist motive, was observed to have increased by 29 % from 2013 to 2018.[11] Crimes of nearly all types have decreased somewhat from 2019 onwards, but this is possibly attributable to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and not a sign of a changing trend.[8][12]
Among the most significant increasing crimes compared to the rest of Western Europe is also gun violence.[13][14][15] A 2021 report by the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention determined that out of 22 European countries surveyed, Sweden was the only country which since 2000 had experienced a significant rise in deaths related to gun violence. The rate of death in Sweden was 4 per a million inhabitants, compared to the European average of 1.6. The report concluded that gun violence has steadily increased since the mid-2000s, chiefly due to gang violence in disenfranchised areas. Other forms of fatal violence in Sweden was found to be at levels similar to other European countries.[14] Owing mostly to the increased shootings, there has been a significant increase in murders since 2012 (68 cases) to 2020 (124 cases), the majority in the Stockholm region.[16] Malmö was previously the city with the highest prevalence of shootings,[17] but shootings have decreased in Malmö from 2017 onwards, probably partly owing to the "Sluta skjut" programme, in which police, inspired by the American Group Violence Intervention strategy,[18] have cooperated with community members, prioritizing deterrance over enforcement.[19] In 2019, Sweden's homicide rate per 100,000 (1.09) people was average when compared to the rest of Europe, falling between Denmark (0.91) and Scotland (1.1).[20]
The Swedish National Council of Crime Prevention has criticized drawing comparisons between rape rates in Sweden and other countries because the broader definition of the crime compared to in other countries and how crimes are registered in Sweden. Victim studies in Sweden suggest that sexual offences, assaults and threats, despite being reported to a great degree, are around the European average mark in terms of frequency.[21] In general, the Swedish National Council of Crime Prevention notes three factors which make comparisons between Sweden and other countries in terms of many types of crime difficult: that all events reported as crimes are counted as such in the statistics (even if they turn out not to be criminal later), that several similar offences against an individual are counted as separate offences (and not a single offence, as in several other countries) and that attempted crimes are in most cases counted together with successful crimes.[22]
People with foreign background (immigrants or people born to immigrant parents) are overrepresented in crime, both in terms of suspicions and convictions.[23][24][25][26] In 2021, people born outside Sweden are 2.5 times more likely to be suspected of a crime, and people born to foreign-born parents are 3.2 times more likely.[23] Multiple studies have shown that such overrepresentation is likely mainly due to socioeconomic conditions, which is also the official position of both the Swedish goverment and the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention.[23] The 2010 report by the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention found several other forms of overrepresentation, and determined that factors stronger than background affecting likelihood of being suspected of a crime included gender (men were 3.5 times more likely to be suspected than women), education (people who had not attended gymnasium were 5.7 times more likely to be suspected) and economic status (people from families who lived partly on welfare were 6.1 times more likely to be suspected).[27]
- ^ "Statistik om trossamfund - Myndigheten för stöd till trossamfund". www.myndighetensst.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "Religions in Sweden | PEW-GRF". www.globalreligiousfutures.org. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ Hackett, Conrad. "5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "Most Peaceful Countries 2022". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "Global Finance Magazine - The Most Peaceful Countries In The World 2021". Global Finance Magazine. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "Global Peace Index: These are the world's most peaceful regions in 2020". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "Rapport 2008:23 – Brottsutvecklingen i sverige fram till år 2007" (PDF) (in Swedish). Brå. pp. 38, 41. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
I Sverige har den registrerade brottsligheten precis som i övriga västvärlden ökat kraftigt under efterkrigstiden. [...] Vid mitten av 1960-talet införde Polisen nya rutiner av statistikföring en vilket har framförts som en delförklaring till den kraftiga ökningen, i synnerhet i början av denna period (Brå 2004). [...] Detta beror sannolikt främst på att toleransen mot vålds- och sexualbrott har minskat i samhället. Att man i samhället tar våld på större allvar demonstreras inte minst genom att synen på olika våldshandlingar skärpts i lagstiftningen (ibid. samt kapitlet Sexualbrott)
- ^ a b c "The Swedish Crime Survey". Brå. 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ BRÅ - Rape and sexual offences
- ^ Bra. "Violence and assault". bra.se. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
- ^ "Hate crime". Brå. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ "Coronapandemins påverkan på brottsutvecklingen | Polismyndigheten". polisen.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ Sturup, Joakim; Rostami, Amir; Mondani, Hernan; Gerell, Manne; Sarnecki, Jerzy; Edling, Christofer (2019-12-01). "Increased Gun Violence Among Young Males in Sweden: a Descriptive National Survey and International Comparison". European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. 25 (4): 365–378. doi:10.1007/s10610-018-9387-0. ISSN 1572-9869.
- ^ a b "Sweden's gun violence rate has soared due to gangs, report says". the Guardian. 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "Studie: Fler skjutningar i Sverige än i många andra länder". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 2017-09-05. ISSN 1101-2447. Retrieved 2022-02-11.
- ^ Bra. "Murder and manslaughter". bra.se. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
- ^ "Studie: Fler skjutningar i Sverige än i många andra länder". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 2017-09-05. ISSN 1101-2447. Retrieved 2022-02-11.
- ^ "Minskat antal skjutningar i Malmö visar utvärdering av Sluta skjut". Brå. 17 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
- ^ "Sluta skjut". Malmö stad (in Swedish). Retrieved 2022-02-11.
- ^ "Europe: homicide rate by country 2019". Statista. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "How common is rape in Sweden compared to other European countries?". Brå. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ "Crime in Sweden – the difficulties in making international comparisons". Brå. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ a b c Regeringskansliet, Regeringen och (2017-02-23). "Facts about migration, integration and crime in Sweden". Regeringskansliet. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ Adamson, Göran (2020-02-01). "Migrants and Crime in Sweden in the Twenty-First Century". Society. 57 (1): 9–21. doi:10.1007/s12115-019-00436-8. ISSN 1936-4725.
- ^ "Misstänkta för brott bland personer med inrikes respektive utrikes bakgrund". Brå. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ "Kriminalitet". Migrationsinfo. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "Advokaten - Invandrare och brottslighet – myter och statistik". www.advokaten.se. Retrieved 2022-02-15.